Overview of Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
|
|
- Whitney McBride
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. Res. eissn: Review Article Overview of Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis 1 2 Anurag Rai *, Taiyaba khan 1 Tutor, Department of Microbiology, Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India 2 Tutor, Department of Microbiology, GCRG Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India *Address for Correspondence: Mr. Anurag Rai, Tutor, Department of Microbiology, Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India ABSTRACT MDR-TB is a global occurrence that poses a serious threat. Tuberculosis (TB) is still the leading cause of death from a single and curable infectious disease. Tuberculosis is the second-most common cause of death from infectious disease (after those due to HIV/AIDS). Its situation is worsened by the presence of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In ancient time, it was considered as a curse. Tuberculosis started to reemerge in the early 1990s. The completion of the first whole genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was in Multi drug resistant (MDR)-TB is caused by strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that are resistant to at least rifampicin and isoniazid. Worldwide India is the country with the highest burden of both TB and MDR-TB. Isolation of MTB on solid media followed by subsequent DST on solid media is easy to perform in the lab. They are time-consuming classical laboratory tests methods. So, molecular method is preferable to detect MTB. Different types of tool are available to detect MDR-TB, XDR-TB. Now-a-days, there are three major commercial alternatives available and they are: GeneXpert, line probe assays (LPA) and Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT). Treatment takes too long, many patients are unable to tolerate the combination, and there is a growing threat from multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extremely drugresistant (XDR)-TB. Reliable and timely detection of drug-resistant TB is needed. Key-words: Tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), Multidrug resistant (MDR), Extensively drug resistant (XDR), Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) INTRODUCTION Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB), a potentially fatal illness which results in approximately 2 million deaths worldwide each year. [1] Tuberculosis is the second-most common cause of death from infectious disease (after those due to HIV/AIDS). [2] Tuberculosis (TB) is still the leading cause of death from a single and curable infectious disease. In 2012, 8.6 million incident new and relapse cases of active TB disease occurred with an estimated 1.1 million (13%) of incident TB-HIV co-infected patients. The majority of TB cases worldwide were in the South-East Asia (29%), African (27%) and Western Pacific (19%) regions. India and China alone accounted for 26% and 12% of total cases, respectively.[3] According to WHO, In 2016 an estimated 28 lakh cases occurred and 4.5 lakh people died due to TB.[4] How to cite this article Rai A, Khan T. Overview of Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. Res., 2018; 4(3): Access this article online MDR-TB is a global occurrence that poses a serious threat to ongoing national TB control programmes. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by a strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is resistant to at both isoniazid (INH, H) and rifampicin (RMP, R) that are two most powerful 1st line anti TB drugs. According to the 2017 World Health Organization global report, approximately people were infected by MDR-TB. In addition, there were an estimated 110,000 people who had rifampicin resistant TB (RR-TB). So the number of people estimated to have had MDR-TB or RR-TB in 2016 was 600,000 with approximately 240,000 deaths. [5] Generally TB affects the lungs, but other parts of the body can also be affected [6]. The true sign of active TB is a long term cough with blood-containing sputum, night sweats, and weight loss [7]. There are two types of clinical manifestation of tuberculosis (TB) includes pulmonary TB (PTB) and extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). EPTB is the TB involving organs other than the lungs (e.g., pleura, lymph nodes, abdomen, genitourinary tract, skin, joints and bones, or meninges). Involvement of Extra pulmonary can occur in isolation or along with a pulmonary focus as in the case of patients with disseminated tuberculosis Copyright IJLSSR by Society for Scientific Research under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International License Volume 04 Issue 03 Page 1795
2 (TB). The recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic has resulted in changing epidemiology and has once again brought extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) into focus. [8] Here I reviewed some of the insights into the evolutionary history of the tuberculosis disease. History- Prior to the twentieth century, tuberculosis as a disease was considered to be of little importance to the general population in India. [9] In ancient time, it was considered as curse. TB in India is an ancient disease, and in Indian literature there are passages from around 1500 BCE in which consumption is mentioned, and the disease is attributed to excessive fatigue, worries, hunger, pregnancy and chest wounds. [10] TB started to reemerge in the early 1990s, fuelled by the growing pandemic of HIV/AIDS. [11] According to other dogmas, TB was mainly a consequence of reactivation of latent infections rather than ongoing disease transmission, and that mixed infections and exogenous reinfections with different strains were very unlikely. TB is caused by several species of gram-positive bacteria known as tubercle bacilli or Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). MTBC includes obligate human pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium africanum, as well as organisms adapted to various other species of mammal. In the developed world, TB incidence declined steadily during the second half of the 20 th century and so funds available for research and control of TB decreased substantially during that time. [12] Robert Koch discovered the causal agent M. tuberculosis, and was awarded by Nobel Prize in physiology/medicine in [13] Over a long period of time multiple antibiotics required for TB treatment. After the Second World War the first anti-tuberculosis drugs were introduced and then more effective drugs following in early [14] The completion of the first whole genome sequence of M. tuberculosis in [15] Studies have shown that humans did not, as previously believed, acquire MTBC from animals during the initiation of animal domestication, rather the human and animal-adapted members of MTBC share a common ancestor, which might have infected humans even before the Neolithic transition. [16,17] Drug Resistant Tuberculosis- Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem worldwide. Its situation is worsened by the presence of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In recent years, even more serious forms of drug resistance have been reported. Multi drug resistant (MDR)-TB is caused by strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that are resistant to at least rifampicin and isoniazid, two key drugs in the treatment of the disease. It has been recognized the presence of even more resistant strains of M. tuberculosis labeled as extensively drug resistant (XDR)-TB. These strains in addition to being MDR are also resistant to any fluoroquinolone and to at least one of the injectable second-line drugs: kanamycin, capreomycin or amikacin. More recently, a more worrying situation has emerged with the description of M. tuberculosis strains that have been found resistant to all antibiotics that were available for testing, a situation labeled as totally drug resistant (TDR)-TB. MDR tuberculosis among household contacts is also reported from several studies. In a study, which was done in northern India and reported 11(2.57%) contacts developed MDR-TB while 4(0.93%) cases developed drug susceptible TB subsequent out of total 428 contacts of the index patient. The Overall rate of disease in the present study was 3.50 %. [18] According to Global tuberculosis control- surveillance, planning, financing in 2008 Tuberculosis continues to be a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide [19]. According to WHO / IUATLD Global Project on Anti-tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance The emergence and spread of MDR-TB is threatening to destabilize global tuberculosis control. The prevalence of MDR-TB is increasing throughout the world both among new tuberculosis cases as well as among previously treated ones [20]. WHO reported in 2016 that India has a high burden of MDR-TB and also mentioned that the MDR-TB amongst notified new pulmonary TB patients was 2.8 per cent, whereas amongst notified re-treatment pulmonary TB patients, it was 12 per cent. [21] According to "Global Tuberculosis Control 2016" rates per 100,000 people in different areas of the world are: globally 140, Africa 254, the Americas 27, Eastern Mediterranean 114, Europe 32, Southeast Asia 240, and Western Pacific 95 in According to the latest World Health Organization (WHO) report, there were an estimated 10.4 million incident cases of TB in 2016 and 1.7 million deaths were attributed to the disease. 250,000 cases occurred in children and 0.4 million deaths were reported among HIV-infected persons. Copyright IJLSSR by Society for Scientific Research under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International License Volume 04 Issue 03 Page 1796
3 The latest Global Tuberculosis Report estimates that 4.1% of new and 19% of previously treated tuberculosis (TB) cases diagnosed in 2015 were multidrug-resistant (MDR). India accounts for one-fourth of the global TB burden. In 2015, an estimated 28 lakh cases occurred and 4.8 lakh people died due to TB. India has the highest burden of both TB and MDR TB based on estimates reported in Global TB Report An estimated 1.3 lakh incident multi-drug resistant TB patients emerge annually in India which includes MDR-TB Patients estimates among notified pulmonary cases. The incidence of TB is 217 per lakh per year in 2015 and the mortality due to TB is 36 per lac per year in [5] Worldwide India is the country with the highest burden of both TB and MDR-TB. [5] There is an estimated 79,000 multi-drug resistant TB patients among the notified cases of pulmonary TB each year. The current resurgence of TB is mainly due to increasing incidence of resistance of M. tuberculosis strains to first-line and important second-line anti-tb drugs and the association of active TB disease with HIV co-infection or other underlying immunosuppressive conditions such as diabetes. [22,23] The WHO has developed the directly observed therapy short course (DOTS) strategy to optimize response and compliance to TB treatment. Table 1: Genetic basis of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis [32-34] However, DOTS is labor-intensive and expensive. The global standard first-line regimen is a 6 month course of treatment denoted as 2HRZE/4HR: a 2 months intensive phase of isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), pyrazinamide (Z), and ethambutol (E) followed by a 4 months continuation phase of H and R. The second-line TB treatment, for patients with MDR-TB, is based only on observational studies and expert opinion. [24] Clinically, the most advanced regimen [25,26] in this category is known as PaMZ, a combination of the novel nitroimidazo-oxazine [27] PA-824, moxifloxacin, and pyrazinamide. The [28] REMoxTB trial replaced either H or E with moxifloxacin (M) in two experimental, 4 months experimental regimens (2HRZM/2HRM and 2MRZE/2MR). This regimen has the potential not only to shorten the duration of first-line treatment, but also to treat a proportion of patients who would previously have needed second-line treatment-i.e., patients with MDR-TB. [29] Bacterial burden was reduced more quickly when either bedaquiline (a diarylquinoline formerly known as TMC207) [30] or delamanid (a nitro-dihydroimidazooxazole formerly known as OPC-67683) [31] was added for 6 months, to an optimized background regimen for MDR-TB. [30,31] Drug Gene Functions KatG Catalase peroxidase Isoniazid InhA Eenoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase AhpC Alkyl hydroperoxidase reductase KasA ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthetase Rifampicin RpoB β- subunit of the RNA polymerase Pyrazinamide PncA Pyrazinamidase Streptomycin RpsL Ribosomal S12 protein Rrs 16S Rrna Amikacin/kanamycin Rrs 16S Rrna Capreomycin Rrs 16S Rrna TlyA Rrna Methyl transferase Fluorochinolone gyra, gyrb DNA gyrase Ethambutol EmbCAB Arabinosyl transferase Ethionamide GyrB DNA gyrase InhA Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase The WHO Guidelines for the management of drug-resistant TB have categorized available anti-tb drugs into five groups, based on known efficacy. Copyright IJLSSR by Society for Scientific Research under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International License Volume 04 Issue 03 Page 1797
4 Table 2: Alternative method of grouping anti-tuberculosis drugs [35] Grouping Group 1 First-line oral agents Group 2 Injectable agents Group 3 Fluoroquinolones Group 4 Oral bacteriostatic second-line Agents Group 5 Agents with unclear role in MDR-TB treatment (not recommended by WHO) Drugs Isoniazid (H), Rifampicin (R) Ethambutol (E), Pyrazinamide (Z) Kanamycin (Km), Amikacin (Am) Capreomycin (Cm), Viomycin (Vm) Streptomycin (S) Moxifloxacin (Mfx), Levofloxacin (Lfx) Ofloxacin (Ofx) Ethionamide (Eto), Protionamide (Pto) Cycloserine (Cs), Terizidone (Trd) p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) Clofazimine (Cfz), linezolid (Lzd) Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Amx/Clv) Thioacetazone (Thz), Imipenem/cilastatin (Ipm/Cln) High-dose isoniazid (high dose H), Clarithromycin (Clr) Lab Diagnostic Tests- According to now-a-days known epidemiological situation and diagnostic tools, it cannot be considered acceptable to wait for 8 10 weeks to know if a clinical isolate is drug susceptible or not. Thus, the generally used algorithm of isolation on solid media followed by subsequent DST on solid media must today be seen as obsolete. Different types of tool are available to detect MDR-TB. They are time-consuming classical laboratory tests methods and molecular techniques. According to Sven Hoffner the most rapid and promising techniques are based on molecular detection of resistance-related mutations, especially when the assay is used for direct testing of a smear-positive sputum sample. [36] In this case MDR-TB patients can be detected in 1 2 days which makes early initiation of effective drug combinations possible. Now-a-days, there are three major commercial alternatives: GeneXpert, line probe assays (LPA) and the Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT). The Xpert system is the most rapid technique, and it was developed to be easy to use. It offers the simultaneous detection of M. tuberculosis and resistance to rifampicin, which is seen as a proxy for MDR-TB. Rifampicin is, however, not everywhere an applicable MDR marker. For example, in Iran, the prevalence of rifampicin mono-resistant M. tuberculosis is high. The LPA investigates resistance to both rifampicin and isoniazid and is thus more informative. It is, however, somewhat more time-consuming and laborious to perform. Both assays have demonstrated excellent specificity and sensitivity. Where phenotypic DST assays are shown to be more sensitive to detect a small proportion of drug-resistant bacteria. [36] The development of molecular techniques to differentiate between strains of MTBC made it possible to readdress some of these points. One of these methods, a DNA fingerprinting protocol based on the Mycobacterium insertion sequence IS6110, quickly evolved into the first international gold standard for genotyping of MTBC. [37] It also became a key component of pragmatic public health efforts, such as detecting disease outbreaks and ongoing TB transmission [38] and allowed differentiation between patients who relapsed due to treatment and those reinfected with a different strain. [39] Biopsy and/or surgery are required to procure tissue samples for diagnosis and managing the complications. Further research is required for evolving the most suitable treatment for EPTB. [8] Copyright IJLSSR by Society for Scientific Research under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International License Volume 04 Issue 03 Page 1798
5 CONCLUSIONS Treatment takes too long, many patients are unable to tolerate the combination, and there is a growing threat from multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extremely drug resistant (XDR)-TB. Reliable and timely detection of drug resistant TB is needed. In MDR, timely detection of the XDR defining agents and PZA is urgently needed. Early detection of all forms of drug resistance in TB is a key factor to reduce and contain the spread of these resistant strains. A better knowledge of the mechanisms of action of anti- TB drugs and the development of drug resistance will allow identifying new drug targets and better ways to detect drug resistance. The important approach to TB drug development that can yield results rapidly is to repurpose drugs that also have activity against TB. REFERENCES [1] Dye C, Williams BG. The population dynamics and control of tuberculosis. Science, 2010; 328: [2] Gerald L, Mandell, John E. Bennett, Raphael. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases (7 th ed), [3] World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis. control-surveillance, planning, financing. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, [4] World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis. Report 2013; WHO/HTM/TB/2016. Geneva, Switzerland, [5] WHO Global TB Report, [6] Campbell IA. Bah-Sow O. Pulmonary tuberculosis. diagnosis and treatment. Br Med J, 2006; 332(7551): [7] World Health Organization. Definitions and reporting framework for tuberculosis. Revision (updated December 2014). Geneva: World Health Organization, [8] Singh P, Kant S, Gaur P, Tripathi A, Pandey S. Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis. An Overview and Review of Literature. Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. Res., 2018; 4(1): DOI: /ijlssr [9] Sharma SK, Goel A, Gupta SK, Krishna M, Sreenivas V, Rai SK, Singh UB & Chauhan LS. Prevalence of tuberculosis in Faridabad district, Haryana State, India. Indian J Med Res, 2015; 141, [10] Herzog B. H. History of Tuberculosis, Respiration, 1998; 65: [11] Frieden TR, Fujiwara PI, Washko RM, Hamburg MA. Tuberculosis in New York City-turning the tide. N Engl J Med, 1995; 333: [12] Kaufmann SH, Parida SK. Changing funding patterns in tuberculosis. Nat Med 13: [13] es/1905/koch.html, [14] Islam MS, Sultana R, Hasan MA, Horaira MA, Islam MA. Prevalence of Tuberculosis. Present Status and Overview of Its Control System in Bangladesh. Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. Res., 2017; 3(6): DOI: /ijlssr [15] Cole ST, Brosch R, Parkhill J, Garnier T, Churcher C, et al. Deciphering the biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the complete genome sequence. Nature, 1998; 393: [16] Brosch R, Gordon SV, Marmiesse M, Brodin P, Buchrieser C, et al. A new evolutionary scenario for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2002; 99: [17] Mostowy S, Cousins D, Brinkman J, Aranaz A, Behr MA Genomic deletions suggest a phylogeny for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Complex. J Infect Dis., 2002; 186: [18] Kumar R, Kushwaha RAS, Jain A, Hasan Z, Gaur P, Panday S. Tuberculosis Among Household Contacts of Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases at a Tertiary Hospital in Lucknow, India. Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. Res., 2018; 4(2): DOI: /ijlssr [19] Global tuberculosis control-surveillance, planning, financing. WHO Report WHO/HTM/TB/ Available from: report/2008/en/index.html, [20] The WHO/IUATLD Global Project on Anti-tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance. Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance in the World. Report No. 4. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; WHO/HTM/TB/2008; 394. [21] Annual Status Report, TB INDIA, Revised National TB Control Programme, Central TB Division and Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, [22] World Health Organization Multidrug and extensively drug-resistant TB (M/XDR-TB): global report on surveillance and response. WHO report WHO/HTM/TB/2010.3, Geneva, Switzerland, 2010; pp Copyright IJLSSR by Society for Scientific Research under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International License Volume 04 Issue 03 Page 1799
6 [23] Harries AD, Lin Y, Satyanarayana S, Lonnroth K, Li L, et al. The looming epidemic of diabetes-associated tuberculosis learning lessons from HIV-associated tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2011; 15: [24] Falzon D, Jaramillo E, Schunemann HJ, Arentz M, Bauer M, et al. WHO guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Update. Eur Respir J., 2011; 38: [25] Diacon AH, Dawson R, von Groote-Bidlingmaier F, Symons G, Venter A, et al. 14-day bactericidal activity of PA-824, bedaquiline, pyrazinamide and moxifloxacin combinations: a randomised trial. Lancet, 2012; 380: [26] ClinicalTrials.gov. Evaluation of 8 weeks of treatment with the combination of moxifloxacin, PA-824 and pyrazinamide in patients with drug sensitive and multi drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). term= NCT & rank=1, Accessed Jan 13, [27] lqahtani JM, Asaad AM Anti-Tuberculous. Drugs and Susceptibility Testing Methods: Current Knowledge and Future Challenges. J Mycobac Dis., 2014; 4: 140. doi: / [28] Diacon AH, Donald PR, Mendel CM Early bactericidal activity of new drug regimens for tuberculosis- Authors reply. Lancet, 2013; 381: [29] Clinical Trials. gov. Controlled comparison of two moxifloxacin containing treatment shortening regimens in pulmonary tuberculosis (REMoxTB). (accessed Feb 12, 2013). [30] Diacon AH, Donald PR, Pym A, Grobusch M, Patientia RF, et al. Randomized pilot trial of eight weeks of bedaquiline (TMC207) treatment for multidrug resistant tuberculosis. Long-term outcome, tolerability, and effect on emergence of drug resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2012; 56: [31] Gler MT, Skripconoka V, Sanchez-Garavito E, Xiao H, Cabrera-Rivero JL, et al. Delamanid for multidrugresistant pulmonary tuberculosis. N Engl J Med, 2012; 366: [32] Zhang Y, Telenti A. Genetics of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In: Molecular Genetics of Mycobacteria. Harfull GF, Jacobs WR Jr (Eds). ASM Press, Washington, DC, USA, , [33] Maus CE, Plikaytis BB, Shinnick TM Molecular analysis of cross-resistance to capreomycin, kanamycin, amikacin, and viomycin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2005; 49: [34] Maus CE, Plikaytis BB, Shinnick TM Mutation of tlya confers capreomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2005; 49: [35] World Health Organization Guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Geneva, WHO (WHO/HTM/TB/ ), [36] Sven Hoffner. The role of drug susceptibility testing in controlling drug resistant tuberculosis: Challenges and possibilities. International journal of Mycobacteriology, 2015; 4: 4-5. [37] Van Embden JD, Cave MD, Crawford JT, Dale JW, Eisenach KD, et al. Strain identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by DNA fingerprinting: recommendations for a standardized methodology. J Clin Microbiol, 1993; 31: [38] Small PM, Hopewell PC, Singh SP, Paz A, Parsonnet J, et al. The epidemiology of tuberculosis in San Francisco. A population-based study using conventional and molecular methods. N Engl J Med, 1994; 330: [39] Small PM, Shafer RW, Hopewell PC, Singh SP, Murphy MJ, et al. Exogenous reinfection with multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with advanced HIV infection. N Engl J Med, 1993; 328: Received: 12 Feb 2018/ Revised: 15 Mar 2018/ Accepted: 22 Apr 2018 Open Access Policy: Authors/Contributors are responsible for originality, contents, correct references, and ethical issues. IJLSSR publishes all articles under Creative Commons Attribution- Non-Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC). Copyright IJLSSR by Society for Scientific Research under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International License Volume 04 Issue 03 Page 1800
Maha R Farhat, MD MSc Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School. I have no financial or other potential conflicts of interest to disclose
Maha R Farhat, MD MSc Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School I have no financial or other potential conflicts of interest to disclose Update on the epidemiology of TB drug resistance Success
More informationHA Convention 2016 : Special Topic Session 3 May 2016
HA Convention 2016 : Special Topic Session 3 May 2016 Diagnosis and Management of TB in Adults Dr. Thomas Mok COS(RMD), KH Tuberculosis An airborne infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
More informationDRUG RESISTANCE IN TUBERCULOSIS
DRUG RESISTANCE IN TUBERCULOSIS INTRODUCTION Up to 50 million people may be infected with drug-resistant resistant TB.* Hot zones of MDR-TB such as Russia, Latvia, Estonia, Argentina and the Dominican
More informationMULTIDRUG- RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS. Dean Tsukayama Hennepin County Medical Center Hennepin County Public Health Clinic
MULTIDRUG- RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS Dean Tsukayama Hennepin County Medical Center Hennepin County Public Health Clinic I have no relevant financial relationships. Discussion includes off label use of: amikacin
More informationDiagnosis of drug resistant TB
Diagnosis of drug resistant TB Megan Murray, MD, ScD Harvard School of Public Health Brigham and Women s Hospital Harvard Medical School Broad Institute Global burden of TB 9 million new cases year 2 million
More informationThe shorter regimen for MDR-TB: evidence and pitfalls
The shorter regimen for MDR-TB: evidence and pitfalls Helen Cox 10 November 2017 What is the shortened regimen? Current conventional regimen (SA): Intensive Phase (at least 6 months): PZA / (EMB) / Kana
More informationTreatment of Active Tuberculosis
Treatment of Active Tuberculosis Jeremy Clain, MD Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine Mayo Clinic October 16, 2017 2014 MFMER slide-1 Disclosures No relevant financial relationships No conflicts of interest
More informationRevised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) Dr.Kishore Yadav J Assistant Professor
Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) Dr.Kishore Yadav J Assistant Professor Global scenario*: Burden of TB Incidence : 9.6 million (58% SEAR and Western Pacific) Deaths : 1.5 million
More informationCompassionate use of bedaquiline in highly drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Mumbai, India
AGORA RESEARCH LETTER Compassionate use of bedaquiline in highly drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Mumbai, India To the Editor: Bedaquiline, a mycobacterial ATP synthase inhibitor [1], is the first
More informationGlobal epidemiology of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Factors contributing to the epidemic of MDR/XDR-TB. CHIANG Chen-Yuan MD, MPH, DrPhilos
Global epidemiology of drug-resistant tuberculosis Factors contributing to the epidemic of MDR/XDR-TB CHIANG Chen-Yuan MD, MPH, DrPhilos By the end of this presentation, participants would be able to describe
More informationRole of RNTCP in the management MDR-TB
Kamdar DJ, Shah NA, Patel DJ, Parmarr H. Role of RNTCP in the management of MDR-TB. IAIM, 2015; 2(7): 1-5. Original Research Article Role of RNTCP in the management of MDR-TB Deepali J Kamdar 1, Neha A
More informationRecognizing MDR-TB in Children. Ma. Cecilia G. Ama, MD 23 rd PIDSP Annual Convention February 2016
Recognizing MDR-TB in Children Ma. Cecilia G. Ama, MD 23 rd PIDSP Annual Convention 17-18 February 2016 Objectives Review the definitions and categorization of drugresistant tuberculosis Understand the
More informationEpidemiology and diagnosis of MDR-TB in children H Simon Schaaf
Epidemiology and diagnosis of MDR-TB in children H Simon Schaaf Desmond Tutu TB Centre Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, and Tygerberg Children s Hospital (TCH) Definitions
More informationAPSR RESPIRATORY UPDATES
Volume 11 Issue 1 Newsletter Date: January 2019 APSR EDUCATION PUBLICATION Inside this issue: Updates on Treatment in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis World TB Day 2018: the challenge of drug resistant tuberculosis
More informationRapid Diagnosis and Detection of Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis
Rapid Diagnosis and Detection of Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis YAM Wing-Cheong 任永昌 Department of Microbiology The University of Hong Kong Tuberculosis Re-emerging problem in industrialized countries
More informationMycobacteria Diagnostic Testing in Manitoba. Dr. Michelle Alfa Medical Director, DSM Clin Micro Discipline
Mycobacteria Diagnostic Testing in Manitoba Dr. Michelle Alfa Medical Director, DSM Clin Micro Discipline Acknowlegements: Assunta Rendina: Charge Tech HSC Lab Joyce Wolf & Dr. Meenu Sharma: NML Dr. Kanchana
More informationSupplementary Appendix
Supplementary Appendix This appendix has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work. Supplement to: Zumla A, Raviglione M, Hafner R, von Reyn CF. Tuberculosis.
More informationDrug Resistant Tuberculosis Biology, Epidemiology and Control Dr. Christopher Dye
Director of Health Information World Health Organization Geneva 1 1. Why TB patients are treated with drugs 2 Natural history and control of TB Fast 5/1 Slow 5/1 Uninfected Latent Active 1 1 infection/case
More informationElizabeth A. Talbot MD Assoc Professor, ID and Int l Health Deputy State Epidemiologist, NH GEISELMED.DARTMOUTH.EDU GEISELMED.DARTMOUTH.
The image part with relationship ID rid2 was not found in the file. MDR TB Management Review of the Evolution (or Revolution?) Elizabeth A. Talbot MD Assoc Professor, ID and Int l Health Deputy State Epidemiologist,
More informationKen Jost, BA, has the following disclosures to make:
Diagnosis of TB Disease: Laboratory Ken Jost, BA May 10, 2017 TB Intensive May 9-12, 2017 San Antonio, TX EXCELLENCE EXPERTISE INNOVATION Ken Jost, BA, has the following disclosures to make: No conflict
More informationAntimycobacterial drugs. Dr.Naza M.Ali lec Dec 2018
Antimycobacterial drugs Dr.Naza M.Ali lec 14-15 6 Dec 2018 About one-third of the world s population is infected with M. tuberculosis With 30 million people having active disease. Worldwide, 9 million
More informationTB Intensive San Antonio, Texas November 11 14, 2014
TB Intensive San Antonio, Texas November 11 14, 2014 Diagnosis of TB: Laboratory Ken Jost, BA November 12, 2014 Ken Jost, BA has the following disclosures to make: No conflict of interests No relevant
More informationTuberculosis. New TB diagnostics. New drugs.new vaccines. Dr: Hussein M. Jumaah CABM Mosul College of Medicine 23/12/2012
Tuberculosis New TB diagnostics. New drugs.new vaccines Dr: Hussein M. Jumaah CABM Mosul College of Medicine 23/12/2012 Tuberculosis (TB )is a bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (occasionally
More informationMSF Field Research. Diagnosis and management of drug-resistant tuberculosis. South African adults. Hughes, J; Osman, M
MSF Field Research Diagnosis and management of drug-resistant tuberculosis in South African adults Authors Citation DOI Publisher Journal Rights Hughes, J; Osman, M Diagnosis and management of drug-resistant
More informationTB/HIV 2 sides of the same coin. Dr. Shamma Shetye, MD Microbiology Metropolis Healthcare, Mumbai
TB/HIV 2 sides of the same coin Dr. Shamma Shetye, MD Microbiology Metropolis Healthcare, Mumbai Global- Tb new cases Diagnosis-Microscopy ZN,Flourescent microscopy(fm) Rapid, inexpensive test Specificity>95%
More informationMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB): epidemiology, prevention and treatment
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB): epidemiology, prevention and treatment L. P. Ormerod Chest Clinic, Blackburn Royal Infirmary, Blackburn, Lancs BB2 3LR, and Postgraduate School of Medicine and
More informationWhat is the recommended shorter treatment regimen for MDR-TB?
DRTB STAT + TAG BRIEF Is shorter better? Is shorter better? Understanding the shorter regimen for treating drugresistant tuberculosis by Safiqa Khimani Edited by Vivian Cox, Mike Frick, Jennifer Furin,
More informationTotally Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (TDR-TB): An Overview
Human Journals Review Article August 2016 Vol.:1, Issue:3 All rights are reserved by Mr. Suraj Narayan Mali et al. Totally Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (TDR-TB): An Overview Keywords: Totally Drug-resistant
More informationResearch Methods for TB Diagnostics. Kathy DeRiemer, PhD, MPH University of California, Davis Shanghai, China: May 8, 2012
Research Methods for TB Diagnostics Kathy DeRiemer, PhD, MPH University of California, Davis Shanghai, China: May 8, 2012 Overview Why do we need good TB diagnostics? What works? What doesn t work? How
More informationUpdate on Management of
Update on Management of DR TB Definitions Presumptive MDR-TB A patient suspected of drug-resistant TB, based on RNTCP criteria for submission of specimens for drug-susceptibility testing MDR-TB Case A
More informationSupplementary Appendix
Supplementary Appendix This appendix has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work. Supplement to: Mitnick CD, Shin SS, Seung KJ, et al. Comprehensive treatment
More informationChapter 5 Treatment. 5.1 First-Line Antituberculous Treatment
Chapter 5 Treatment Abstract In this chapter the treatment of drug sensitive and drug resistant TB and timing of antiretroviral treatment for HIV infected patients will be reviewed. Emphasis is placed
More informationDevelopment of New Regimens for Tuberculosis Zhenkun Ma, Ph.D.
Development of New Regimens for Tuberculosis Chief Scientific Officer Global Alliance for TB Drug Development 40 Wall Street, 24th Floor New York, NY 10005 USA 1 Outline What are the unmet needs in TB
More informationMultidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: a persistent problem in the European Union European Union and European Economic Area
Rapid communications Multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: a persistent problem in the European Union European Union and European Economic Area C Ködmön (csaba.kodmon@ecdc.europa.eu)
More informationDrug susceptibility testing for tuberculosis KRISTEN DICKS, MD, MPH DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER
Drug susceptibility testing for tuberculosis KRISTEN DICKS, MD, MPH DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER Outline Drug resistant TB: definitions and epidemiology How does TB become resistant? Current drug susceptibility
More informationManagement of Multidrug- Resistant TB in Children. Jennifer Furin, MD., PhD. Sentinel Project, Director of Capacity Building
Management of Multidrug- Resistant TB in Children Jennifer Furin, MD., PhD. Sentinel Project, Director of Capacity Building Objectives To review data on best practices for diagnosis, treatment and prevention
More informationCDC s Approach to Fast Track Laboratory Diagnosis for Persons at Risk of Drug Resistant TB: Molecular Detection of Drug Resistance (MDDR) Service
CDC s Approach to Fast Track Laboratory Diagnosis for Persons at Risk of Drug Resistant TB: Molecular Detection of Drug Resistance (MDDR) Service Beverly Metchock, DrPH, D(ABMM) Team Lead, Reference Laboratory
More informationDefinitions and reporting framework for tuberculosis 2013 revision. Dennis Falzon Global Forum of Xpert MTB/RIF Implementers Annecy 17 April 2013
Definitions and reporting framework for tuberculosis 2013 revision Dennis Falzon Global Forum of Xpert MTB/RIF Implementers Annecy 17 April 2013 2-year revision process WHO/HTM/TB/2013.2 2 www.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/79199/1/9789241505345_eng.pdf
More informationTB the basics. (Dr) Margaret (DHA) and John (INZ)
TB the basics (Dr) Margaret (DHA) and John (INZ) Question 1 The scientist who discovered M. tuberculosis was: A: Louis Pasteur B: Robert Koch C: Jean-Antoine Villemin D: Calmette and Guerin Question 2
More informationPrevalence of resistance to second-line tuberculosis drug among multidrugresistant tuberculosis patients in Viet Nam, 2011
Original Research Prevalence of resistance to second-line tuberculosis drug among multidrugresistant tuberculosis patients in Viet Nam, 2011 Hoa Binh Nguyen, ab Nhung Viet Nguyen, ac Huong Thi Giang Tran,
More informationGlobal Perspective on Transmission: Value in Genotype Mapping of Disease Transmission Dynamics
Global Perspective on Transmission: Value in Genotype Mapping of Disease Transmission Dynamics Neel R. Gandhi, MD Emory Rollins School of Public Health January 17, 2013 Medical Research Council BMJ 1948
More informationTB Nurse Case Management. March 7-9, Diagnosis of TB: Ken Jost Wednesday March 7, 2012
TB Nurse Case Management San Antonio, Texas March 7-9, 2012 Diagnosis of TB: Laboratory Ken Jost Wednesday March 7, 2012 Ken Jost has the following disclosures to make: No conflict of interests No relevant
More informationEtiological Agent: Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Debra Mercer BSN, RN, RRT. Definition
Pulmonary Tuberculosis Debra Mercer BSN, RN, RRT Definition Tuberculosis is a contagious bacterial infection of the lungs caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB) Etiological Agent: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
More informationAPSR RESPIRATORY UPDATES
APSR RESPIRATORY UPDATES Volume 5, Issue 2 Newsletter Date: February 2013 APSR EDUCATION PUBLICATION Inside this issue: Tuberculosis Multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis treatment regimens and patient
More informationDiagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis, 2011
Diagnosis of TB Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis, 2011 Alfred Lardizabal, MD NJMS Global Tuberculosis Institute Diagnosis of TB, 2011 Diagnosis follows Suspicion When should we Think TB? Who is
More informationDRUG RESISTANCE IN TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL. A GLOBAL AND INDIAN SITUATION
JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 2008; 16(3-4): 3-9 Inviting Editorial DRUG RESISTANCE IN TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL. A GLOBAL AND INDIAN SITUATION Harshad Thakur Centre for Health Policy, Planning and Management,
More informationMDR, XDR and Untreatable Tuberculosis and Laboratory Perspectives. Martie van der Walt TUBERCULOSIS EPIDEMIOLOGY & INTERVENTION RESEARCH UNIT
TUBERCULOSIS EPIDEMIOLOGY & INTERVENTION RESEARCH UNIT MDR, XDR and Untreatable Tuberculosis and Laboratory Perspectives Martie van der Walt IOM Meeting 15-17 January 2013 introduction 1 min 150 words
More informationThe Evaluation of Effectiveness and Safety of Novel Shorter. Treatment Regimens for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis
The Evaluation of Effectiveness and Safety of Novel Shorter Treatment Regimens for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Operational Research Protocol Template May 2018 A publication of the Global Drug-resistant
More informationTB infection control: overview and importance
TB infection control: overview and importance John Ferguson, Newcastle, NSW Infectious Diseases & Microbiology jferguson@hnehealth.nsw.gov.au Goroka Hospital, September 2014 Patterns of TB disease Latent
More informationNew Frontiers: Innovation and Access
8 th Regional TB Symposium - Tashkent, Uzbekistan New Frontiers: Innovation and Access New Guidelines: An Opportunity for National Programmes and Patients: Evidence for new WHO recommendations on MDR-TB
More informationTB IN EMERGENCIES. Disease Control in Humanitarian Emergencies (DCE)
TB IN EMERGENCIES Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response (EPR) Health Security and Environment Cluster (HSE) (Acknowledgements WHO Stop TB Programme WHO/STB) 1 Why TB? >33% of the global
More informationTB 101 Disease, Clinical Assessment and Lab Testing
TB 101 Disease, Clinical Assessment and Lab Testing Pacific Islands Tuberculosis Controllers Association Conference (PITCA) Clinical Laboratory Breakout None Disclosure Objectives Be able to list and explain
More informationManaging Complex TB Cases Diana M. Nilsen, MD, RN
Managing Complex TB Cases Diana M. Nilsen, MD, RN Director of Medical Affairs NYC Department of Health & Mental Hygiene Bureau of TB Control Case #1 You are managing a patient who was seen at a private
More informationTUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT WITH MOBILE-PHONE MEDICATION REMINDERS IN NORTHERN THAILAND
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT WITH MOBILE-PHONE MEDICATION REMINDERS IN NORTHERN THAILAND Piyada Kunawararak 1, Sathirakorn Pongpanich 2, Sakarin Chantawong 1, Pattana
More informationLaboratory Diagnosis for MDR TB
Laboratory Diagnosis for MDR TB Neha Shah MD MPH Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Tuberculosis Elimination California Department of Public Health Guam March 07 Objectives Describe
More informationBedaquiline: 10 years later, the drug susceptibility testing protocol is still pending
EDITORIAL TUBERCULOSIS Bedaquiline: 10 years later, the drug susceptibility testing protocol is still pending Max Salfinger 1 and Giovanni Battista Migliori 2 Affiliations: 1 Dept of Medicine, National
More informationDiagnosis of TB: Laboratory Ken Jost Tuesday April 1, 2014
TB Nurse Case Management San Antonio, Texas April 1 3, 2014 Diagnosis of TB: Laboratory Ken Jost Tuesday April 1, 2014 Ken Jost, BA has the following disclosures to make: No conflict of interests No relevant
More informationCMH Working Paper Series
CMH Working Paper Series Paper No. WG5 : 8 Title Interventions to reduce tuberculosis mortality and transmission in low and middle-income countries: effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and constraints to
More informationMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children James Seddon Clinical Lecturer Imperial College London UCL-TB and LSHTM TB Centre World TB Day 2015 24th March 2015 Outline Burden Recent studies Preventive
More informationTB & HIV CO-INFECTION IN CHILDREN. Reené Naidoo Paediatric Infectious Diseases Broadreach Healthcare 19 April 2012
TB & HIV CO-INFECTION IN CHILDREN Reené Naidoo Paediatric Infectious Diseases Broadreach Healthcare 19 April 2012 Introduction TB & HIV are two of the leading causes of morbidity & mortality in children
More informationMultiple Drug-resistant Tuberculosis: a Threat to Global - and Local - Public Health
Multiple Drug-resistant Tuberculosis: a Threat to Global - and Local - Public Health C. Robert Horsburgh, Jr. Boston University School of Public Health Background Outline Why does drug resistance threaten
More informationTherapeutic TB vaccines Shortening Treatment for (DS- and) DR-TB?
Therapeutic TB vaccines Shortening Treatment for (DS- and) DR-TB? Mark Hatherill South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI) University of Cape Town, South Africa 1 1. The need for a therapeutic
More informationThe authors assessed drug susceptibility patterns
Drug Resistance Among Tuberculosis Patients, 1991 and 1992 New York City, CYNTHIA R. DRIVER, RN, MPH THOMAS R. FRIEDEN, MD, MPH ALAN B. BLOCH, MD, MPH IDA M. ONORATO, MD All the authors are with the Division
More informationA Review of the Sutezolid (PNU ) Patent Landscape
2014 A Review of the Sutezolid (PNU-100480) Patent Landscape A scoping report JANUARY 2014 A Review of the Sutezolid (PNU-100480) Patent Landscape UNITAID Secretariat World Health Organization Avenue Appia
More informationTB: A Supplement to GP CLINICS
TB: A Supplement to GP CLINICS Chapter 10: Childhood Tuberculosis: Q&A For Primary Care Physicians Author: Madhukar Pai, MD, PhD Author and Series Editor What is Childhood TB and who is at risk? India
More informationRECENT ADVANCES OF TUBERCULOSIS MANAGEMENT. Qais Abdulmajeed Haddad Consultant ID & IC Security Forces Hospital Program Riyadh - Saudi Arabia
RECENT ADVANCES OF TUBERCULOSIS MANAGEMENT Qais Abdulmajeed Haddad Consultant ID & IC Security Forces Hospital Program Riyadh - Saudi Arabia RECENT ADVANCES OF TUBERCULOSIS MANAGEMENT History Epidemiology
More informationCHAPTER:1 TUBERCULOSIS. BY Mrs. K.SHAILAJA., M. PHARM., LECTURER DEPT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, SRM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
CHAPTER:1 TUBERCULOSIS BY Mrs. K.SHAILAJA., M. PHARM., LECTURER DEPT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, SRM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY GLOBAL EMERGENCY: * Tuberculosis kills 5,000 people a day! * 2.3 million die each year!
More informationMolecular assays in Tuberculosis. Jatin Yegurla Junior resident
Molecular assays in Tuberculosis Jatin Yegurla Junior resident 17-3-2018 Contents Introduction TB-PCR Line Probe assay (LPA) GenoType MTBDRsl test (Second line LPA) Xpert MTB/RIF (GeneXpert) (CB-NAAT)
More informationPyrosequencing Experience from Mumbai, India. Camilla Rodrigues MD Consultant Microbiologist Hinduja Hospital,Mumbai India
Pyrosequencing Experience from Mumbai, India Camilla Rodrigues MD Consultant Microbiologist Hinduja Hospital,Mumbai India Mumbai maximum city Slow Fast 1-2 D With increasing drug resistance, DST is vital
More informationStudy of Multi-Drug Resistance Associated with Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment by DOT Implementation Strategy in Pakistan
Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 2018, 14, 107-112 107 Study of Multi-Drug Resistance Associated with Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment by DOT Implementation Strategy in Pakistan Sana Saeed 1, Moosa Raza
More informationGlobal, National, Regional
Epidemiology of TB: Global, National, Regional September 13, 211 Edward Zuroweste, MD Chief Medical Officer Migrant Clinicians Network Assistant Professor of Medicine Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Epidemiology
More informationScott Lindquist MD MPH Tuberculosis Medical Consultant Washington State DOH and Kitsap County Health Officer
Tuberculosis in the 21 st Century Scott Lindquist MD MPH Tuberculosis Medical Consultant Washington State DOH and Kitsap County Health Officer Feedback Poll In my opinion, the recent media coverage of
More informationTransmission of MDR/XDR Tuberculosis in Shanghai. Qian Gao Shanghai Medical College Fudan University
Transmission of MDR/XDR Tuberculosis in Shanghai Qian Gao Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Drug Resistant TB in China The Highest DR-TB Burden Country New TB cases/year Cases with any DR MDR XDR
More informationDiagnosis of TB: Laboratory Ken Jost Tuesday April 9, 2013
TB Nurse Case Management San Antonio, Texas April 9-11, 2013 Diagnosis of TB: Laboratory Ken Jost Tuesday April 9, 2013 Ken Jost has the following disclosures to make: No conflict of interests No relevant
More informationManagement of MDR TB. Dr Priscilla Rupali MD; DTM&H Professor and Head Department of Infectious Diseases Christian Medical College Vellore
Management of MDR TB Dr Priscilla Rupali MD; DTM&H Professor and Head Department of Infectious Diseases Christian Medical College Vellore Outline Global epidemiology of Tuberculosis Epidemiology of Tuberculosis
More informationFIND and NDWG symposium Panel Discussion. Martina Casenghi, NDWG Core Group
FIND and NDWG symposium Panel Discussion Martina Casenghi, NDWG Core Group 48 Union World Conference, Guadalajara October 11th 2017 Molecular tests for diagnosis of TB and drug resistance 2008 Dec 2010
More informationTUBERCULOSIS IN NEW ZEALAND ANNUAL REPORT 2015
TUBERCULOSIS IN NEW ZEALAND ANNUAL REPORT 2015 PREPARED FOR: CLIENT REPORT No: PREPARED BY: Ministry of Health FW17009 PUBLISHED: September 2018 Health Intelligence Team, Health and Environment Group Institute
More informationGlobal, National, Regional
Epidemiology of TB: Global, National, Regional September 13, 211 Edward Zuroweste, MD Chief Medical Officer Migrant Clinicians Network Assistant Professor of Medicine Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Epidemiology
More informationTuberculosis-HIV epidemic situation and emerging challenges in North India
NTI Bulletin 2015,51 /1&4, 1 7 Tuberculosis-HIV epidemic situation and emerging challenges in North India Rajesh Deshmukh 1,3, Raghu Ram Rao 2, Shah A 2,3, Sreenivas A Nair 3, R S Gupta 1, SD Khaparde
More informationGLI model TB diagnostic algorithms
GLI model TB diagnostic algorithms GLI model TB diagnostic algorithms Revised June 2018 Contents Acknowledgements Abbreviations v vi Background 1 Algorithm 1: Preferred algorithm for universal patient
More informationDescriptive Epidemiology Project: Tuberculosis in the. United States. MPH 510: Applied Epidemiology. Summer A 2014
Descriptive Epidemiology Project: Tuberculosis in the United States MPH 510: Applied Epidemiology Summer A 2014 June 1, 2014 1 The white plague affected thousands upon thousands of people in the 18 th
More information2016 Annual Tuberculosis Report For Fresno County
206 Annual Tuberculosis Report For Fresno County Cases Rate per 00,000 people 206 Tuberculosis Annual Report Fresno County Department of Public Health (FCDPH) Tuberculosis Control Program Tuberculosis
More informationProposal for a standardised treatment regimen to manage pre- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis cases
EDITORIAL TUBERCULOSIS Proposal for a standardised treatment regimen to manage pre- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis cases Jose A. Caminero 1,2, Alberto Piubello 2,3, Anna Scardigli 4 and 5
More informationOptimising patient care in MDR TB with existing molecular screening tests in high burden countries
Optimising patient care in MDR TB with existing molecular screening tests in high burden countries Camilla Rodrigues MD Consultant Microbiologist Hinduja Hospital,India Outline What is the best empiric
More informationSupplementary Appendix
Supplementary Appendix This appendix has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work. Supplement to: Günther G, Lange C, Alexandru S, et al. Treatment outcomes
More informationAuthors Malhotra, S; Zodpey, S P; Chandra, S; Vashist, R P; Satyanaryana, S; Zachariah, R; Harries, A D
MSF Field Research Should Sputum Smear Examination Be Carried Out at the End of the Intensive Phase and End of Treatment in Sputum Smear Negative Pulmonary TB Patients? Authors Malhotra, S; Zodpey, S P;
More informationManagement of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB)
Management of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) Nitipatana Chierakul Division of Respiratory Disease & Tuberculosis Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital October 14 th, 2008 Tropical
More informationMycobacterium tuberculosis and Molecular Epidemiology: An Overview
Journal of Microbiology Research 2014, 4(6A): 25-31 DOI: 10.5923/s.microbiology.201401.04 Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Molecular Epidemiology: An Overview Asho Ali Department of Biology, King Abdul Aziz
More informationGLI model TB diagnostic algorithms
GLI model TB diagnostic algorithms GLI model TB diagnostic algorithms March 2017 Contents Acknowledgements Abbreviations v vi Background 1 Algorithm 1: Preferred algorithm for universal patient access
More informationTUBERCULOSIS IN NEW ZEALAND 2014
SURVEILLANCE REPORT TUBERCULOSIS IN NEW ZEALAND 2014 Prepared as part of a Ministry of Health contract for scientific services by the Health Intelligence Team, Institute of Environmental Science and Research
More informationAnnual surveillance report 2015
Annual surveillance report 215 Acknowledgements The Public Health Agency Northern Ireland gratefully acknowledges all those who contributed to this report, including; physicians, nurses, microbiologists,
More informationTOG The Way Forward
TOG 2016- The Way Forward Main Changes in Diagnostic algorithm Definition (Type, Classification, Outcome) Registration at the time of Diagnosis (PHI level Notification Register) Long term follow up (till
More informationNAAT in the Clinical Laboratory and Impact on Infection Control 9 th National Conference on Laboratory Aspects of Tuberculosis APHL
NAAT in the Clinical Laboratory and Impact on Infection Control 9 th National Conference on Laboratory Aspects of Tuberculosis APHL Susan Novak-Weekley, S(M), ASCP, Ph.D., D(ABMM) Director of Microbiology,
More informationMultidrug-Resistant TB
Multidrug-Resistant TB Diagnosis Treatment Linking Diagnosis and Treatment Charles L. Daley, M.D. National Jewish Health University of Colorado Denver Disclosures Chair, Data Monitoring Committee for delamanid
More informationOverview of the Presentation
Overview of the Presentation Definitions(TBCase, MDR-TB & XDR-TB) Global Tuberculosis (TB,HIV/TB,MDR & XDR)Scenario & Trend Risk factor for TB Natural history of TB Types of TB & Trends of Extra Pulmonary
More informationOur experience on other diseases
Global supply chain for MDR TB drugs Our experience on other diseases Dr Robert Sebbag 31 st July 2012 ACCESS TO MEDICINES 1 Second-line drugs for MDR TB Definition: resistance to (at least) R and H, the
More informationGenotypic and phenotypic M. tuberculosis resistance: guiding clinicians to prescribe the correct regimens
EDITORIAL TUBERCULOSIS Genotypic and phenotypic M. tuberculosis resistance: guiding clinicians to prescribe the correct regimens Andrea Maurizio Cabibbe Giovanni Battista Migliori 1, Giovanni Sotgiu 2,
More informationSirturo: a new treatment against multidrug resistant tuberculosis
Sirturo: a new treatment against multidrug resistant tuberculosis TB is an on-going problem WHO estimated incidence of new TB cases 2009 Global Tuberculosis Control: WHO report 2010. Available at: http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/2010/en/index.html
More informationLet s Talk TB A Series on Tuberculosis, A Disease That Affects Over 2 Million Indians Every Year
A Series on Tuberculosis, A Disease That Affects Over 2 Million Indians Every Year Madhukar Pai, MD, PhD Author and Series Editor Camilla Rodrigues, MD co-author Abstract Most individuals who get exposed
More informationREPORT ON GREEN LIGHT COMMITTEE MONITORING MISSION INDONESIA. January Michael Rich, M.D., M.P.H. Date of mission: January 2017
REPORT ON GREEN LIGHT COMMITTEE MONITORING MISSION INDONESIA Michael Rich, M.D., M.P.H. Date of mission: 15-27 January 2017 January 2017 Acknowledgments The monitoring team would like to express gratitude
More information