ETIOPATOGENETSKI ZNACAJ HUMANIH HERPES VIRUSA TIP 6, 7 I 8 U POJAVI NEKIH OBOLJENJA KOZE

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1 Med Preg12001; LIV (9-10): Novi Sad: septembar-oktobar. 459 Klinicki centar, Novi Sad Klinika za kozno-venericne bolesti Pregledni clanak Review article UDK : ETIOPATOGENETSKI ZNACAJ HUMANIH HERPES VIRUSA TIP 6, 7 I 8 U POJAVI NEKIH OBOLJENJA KOZE ETiOPATHOGENETIC IMPORTANCE OFHUMAN HERPESVIRUS'ES TYPE 6, 7 AND 8INSOME SKIN DISEASES Mirjana POLJACKI, Novak RAJIC i Milan MA TIC Sazetak - Autori iznose dosadasnja saznanja 0 mogucem etiopatogenetskom znacaju novootkrivenih humanih herpes virusa (tip 6, 7 i 8) u pojavi nekih dermatoloskih oboljenja. Kao i svi clanovi familije Herpes virida i ovi virusi mogu izazvati primamu i latentnu infekciju posebne grupe celija domacina, Sva tri virusa pokazuju karakteristican tropizam za Iimfocite, tip 6 i 7 za T limfocite, a tip 8 za B limfocite, na kojima izazivaju citopatoloske efekte. ldentifikacija ovih virusa u nizu limfoproliterativnih i zapaljenjskih oboljenja, nekih oboljenja centralnog nervnog sistema, posletransplantacione bolesti, potvrduje znacaj ovih virusa u njihovoj etiopatogenezi. Nalaz virusa kod dece obolele od exanthema subitum, kod obolelih od pityriasis roseae, Kaposijevog sarkoma i u uzorcima sarkoidno izmenjenog tkiva ukazuje i na moguci znacaj ovih virusa u etiopatogenezi ovih oboljenja koze. Kljucne reci: Humani herpesvirus 6; Humani herpesvirus 7; Herpesvirus udruzen sa Kaposi sarkomom; Bolesti koze Uvod Poslednjih godina, identifikovani su novi humani herpes virusi (HHV): HHV-6,-7 i -8 koji bi prema dosadasnjim saznanjima mogli imati znacajnu ulogu u etiopatogenezi nekih dermatoloskih oboljenja. Kao i drugi clanovi familije Herpes virida i ovi virusi mogu izazvati infekciju (primarnu i latentnu) posebne grupe celija domacina. Sva tri virusa pokazuju tropizam za limfocite, HHV-6 i -7 za T-limfocite, a HHV -8 za B-limfocite, izazivajuci citopatoloske efekte i ostecenje imunskog sistema. Ovaj rad ima za cilj da upozna citaoce sa najnovijim saznanjima 0 mogucem znacaju ovih virusa u dermatoloskoj praksi. Humani herpes virus tip 6 HHV-6 izolovanje godine iz limfocita periferne krvi bolesnika obolelih od AIDS-a i citavog niza limfoproliferativnih oboljenja [I]. Zbog slicnosti sa humanim citomegalo virusom (HHV-5) svrstan je u beta-subfamiliju herpes virina [2]. Do sada su identifikovane dye varijante ovog virusa, A i B, koje su medusobno razlicite po genetskim, bioloskim i imunoloskim osobinama. Etioloska uloga A varijante za sada jos nije jasno definisana, dok se varijanta B smatra glavnim prouzrokovacem niza inflamatornih i malignih oboljenja, posletransplantacione bolesti, diseminovanih infekcija kod AIDS-a i nekih bolesti CNS-a [3,4] (tabela 1). Iako je HHV-6 limfotropni virus sa tropizmom za CD4+ lirnfocite, on moze inficirati i druge celije domacina, Smatra se glavnim prouzrokovacern exanthema subitum kod dece. Yamanishi sa saradnicima je godine prvi ukazao na mogucu etiopatogenetsku povezanost bolesti i infekcije ovim virusom [5]. Kako virus u kulturi limfocita izaziva citopatoloske efekte (formiraju se velike balonirane celije i sincicije u korelaciji sa procentom inficiranih celija), exanthema subitum se moze smatrati primoinfekcijom. Seroloska istrazivanja su pokazala da je vecina dece inficirana virusom pre trece godine zivota [6]. Virus se uglavnom prenosi sa majke na dete, najcesce pljuvackom [7]. Istrazivanja sprovedena u Japanu, Severnoj Americi i Evropi, potvdila su prisustvo ovog virusa u 60-70% dece obolele od exanthema subitum [8,9, I0]. U velikom broju slucajeva primarna infekcija je inaparentna i protice pojavom febrilnosti bez pojave ospe. Primoinfekcija u odraslih osoba je moguca ali retka, protice sa simptomima hepatitisa, pneumonije iii oboljenja nalik mononukleozi [II]. Posle primarne infekcije u detinjstvu, virus ostaje latentan. U odraslih osoba bez simptoma moze se dokazati u salivi (najverovatniji nacin sirenja infekcije) i mononuklearnim celijama periferne krvi (MNCPK). Prema misljenju Sixbeya i Foxa pljuvacne zlezde su mesto replikacije virusa i njegov rezervoar, dok limforetikularni sistem najverovatnije predstavlja mesto njegove latencije [12,13]. Sveza infekcija virusom iii njegova reaktivacija moze se dokazati nalazom anti-hhv-6-igm antitela [14]. U 80-90% odraslih osoba mogu se dokazati anti-hhv-6-igg antitela, sto potvrduje njegovu ubikvitarnost, ova antitetla mogu vremenom nestati [6]. U 5% odraslih osoba mogu se dokazati i anti-hhv-6-igm antitetla [14]. U imunokompromitovanih osoba kao sto su transplantirani bolesnici, moze doci do reaktivacije latentnog HHV-6, sto moze imati za posledicu teske i fatalne komplikacije [15]. Mada pokazuje primarni tropizam za CD4+ limfocite, HHV-6 moze inficirati i Adresa autora: Prof. dr Mirjana Poljacki, Klinika za kozno-venericne bolesti, Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 1-3, cojans@eunet.yu

2 460 Poljackl M, i sar. Etiopatogenetski znaeaj humanih herpes virusa Skracenice HHV CNS MNCPK DNK RNK PCR IgG IgM mv KS AIDS GVHD - humani herpes virus - centralni nervni sistem - mononukleame celije periferne krvi - dezoksiribonukleinska kiselina - ribonukleinska kiselina - lancana reakcija polimeraze - imunoglobulin G - imunoglobulin M - humani virus imune deficijencije - Kaposijev sarkom - steceni sindrom imune deficijencije (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) - reakcija kalem protiv domacina (graft versus host disease) ubiti i CD8+ limfocite, prirodne celije ubice i mononuklearne fagocite. Humani herpes virus 7 HHV-7 je izolovan godine iz aktivisanih CD4+T celija periferne krvi zdravih osoba [16]. DNK analize su pokazale da je virus blisko p~:>vezan sa HHV-6 i HHV-5 i da pripada podgrupi betaherpes virusa [17]. Prete~~ je limfotr~pnog. karaktera (tropizam za CD4+ celije), u bioloskom ~ gene~skom smislu srodan je HHV-6. HHV-7 moze aktivirati HHV-6 tako da latentna infekcija izazvana ovim virusom' moze biti otkrivena nakon infekcije celija HHV-7 (HHV-6 genom pos~aje ~ksrrimira~, dok HHV-7 iscezava) [18]. HHV-7 je ubikvitaran VIrus i zahvata vise od 80% dece i.odojcadi, a primarna infekcija moze se pojaviti i u starijoj zivotnoj dobi [19]. Mesto ulaska virusa u organ~~a~, mesto pnmarne infekcije i mehanizam latencije JOS uvek msu utvrdeni. Waytt i saradnici."ka.~uju. da bi pljuvacne zlezde mogle biti mesto replikacije virusa, a MN~PK mesto njegove latencije [2~]. Lancanom reakcijom polimeraze (PCR) utvrdena je prevalencija tp:rv-7 u salivi odraslih zdravih osoba u 96% slucajeva. Za sada nema sigurnih dokaza da je HHV-7 pr~:mzrokovac odredene bolesti. Nalaz DNK sekvenci ovog virusa u MNCPK uzorku koze i plazmi obolelih od akutnog oblika pityriasis roseae ukazuje na mogucu povezanost ove bolesti i infekcije HI-IY-7. DNK sekvence ovog virusa do sada msu identifikovane u rekonvalescentnih bolesnika, plazmi zdravih <?~oba niti bolesnika sa drugim oboljenjima. Na studiji od 12 bolesnika sa pityriasis rosea i 25 zdravih osoba, Drago i saradnici su godine PCR metodom identifikovali DNK sekvence virusa HHV-7 u MNCPK, plazmi i kozi svih obolelih od ov~ bolesti [21,22]. Istovremeno dokazali su I Ylrusne izolate u kultivisanim MNCPK bolesnika koje su pokazivale balonsku degeneraciju i sicicijume sedmog dana, nakon kultivacije. Ovi izolati nisu dokazani u ~~P~ zdravih osoba niti rekonvalescenata. Po misljenju ovih autora nalaz DNK sekvenci HHV-7 u plazmi obolelih cv;sto podrzava ulogu ovog virusa u nastanku pityriasis roseae ukazujuci na njegovu rephkaciju [22] (tabela 1). bolesti Posttransplantation diseases Diseminovane infekcije u sidi Disseminated infections in AIDS Bolesti CNS-a ens diseases HHV -7 Inflamatomi poremecaji HHV-7 Inflammatory disorders HHV-8Inflamatomi poremecajl HHV-8 Inflammatory disorders Maligne bolesti Malignant diseases Humani herpes virus 8 Tabela 1. Bolesti pripisane HHV-6, HHV-7 i HHV-8 Table 1. Diseases attributed to HHV-6, HHV-7 i HHV-8 HHV-6 Exanthema subitum/exanthema subitum Inflarnatomi porernecaji febrilne bolesti odojceta HHV-6 infantile febrile diseases Inflammatory disorders Hepatitis, sindrom hronicnog umora, autoimune bolesti, sinusna histiocitoza, sindrom "rukavica i Carapan/Hepatitis, chronic fatigue syndrome, autoimmune diseases, sinus histiocytosis, "gloves andsocks" syndrome Maligne bolesti Limfomi, lirnfoblastna leukemija, histiocitoza Malignant diseases XlLymphomas, lymphoblasttc leukemia, histiocytosis X Kikuchi bolest Posletransplantacione Osipi koze, intestinalni pneumonitis, enccfalitis, cesca i teza GVHD Skin rashes, intestitial pneumonitis, encephalitis, morefrequent and severe GVHD Pluca, jetra, bubrezi, slezina, lirnfni cvorovi Lung, liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes Demijclinizirajuce bolesti u sidi, multipla sklerozaidemyelinating diseases in AIDS, multiple sclerosis Pityriasis rosea, exanthema subitum, febrilne bolesti odojceta, sindrom hronicnog umora Pityriasis rosea, exanthema subitum, infantile febrile diseases, chronic fatigue syndrome Pemphigus, sarkoidna tkiva Pemphigus, sarcoid tissues Kaposi sarkom, primarna efuzija lirnfomi Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphomas Castlemanova bolest, mijelom, proliferativne holesti koze/castleman disease, myeloma, proliferative skin lesions HHV-8 virus je prvi P1,l.t identifikovan u uzorcima tkiva bolesnika sa Kaposijevim sarkomom (KS) udruzenim sa AIDS-om godine [23]). Pnsustvo virusa utvrdeno je u vise od 90~ obolelih. tgn-~ spada i subfamiliju gama-herpes vmna.zbog slicnosti sa Epstein-Barovim virusorn i herpes virusom sa~mm (virus vevericastih majmuna). DN,K sekvence virusa takode su izolovane i u HIV negativnih osoba sa K~, i to kod obolelih od endemskog, posletransplantacionog, jatrogenog i mediteranskog KS [24] (tabela 1). Sekvenciranjem genom.~ HI-I,V-.8 utvrdeno je.ne~ koliko gena, tj proteina koji kodiraju: glavm kapsidni

3 Med Preg12001; LIV (9-10): Novi Sad: septembar-oktobar. 461 protein, gh i gb, timidin kinazu, protein homolog ciklinu D i jedan receptor povezan sa G-proteinom [25]. Receptomi protein vezan za G-protein koji je stalno aktivan, povezan sa fosfatidil-inozitolom i protein kinazom C, sposoban je da podstice proliferaciju celija i smatra se verovatnim virusnim onkogenom [25]. Prisustvo virusa moze se dokazati u MNCPK, endotelnim celijama koje oblazu vaskulame prostore i vretenastim celijama unutar samih lezija KS gde izaziva citopatske efekte. Virus je do sada identifikovan i u B celijskim limfomima telesnih supljina (perikardijalnim, pleuralnim i peritonealnim limfomatoznim efuzijama) u 100% slucajeva udruzenih sa HIV infekcijom, Castlemanovoj bolesti itd.[26]. U MNCPK HIV pozitivnih bolesnika sa KS u 50% slucajeva utvrdeno je prisustvo virusa pri cemu se cini da stepen detekcije virusne DNK korelira sa smanjenjem broja CD4+ limfocita i stadijumom KS. Infekcija MNCPK HHV-8 prethodi i predvida pojavu KS kod mnogih osoba sa tumorom koji prati HIV [27]. Cini se da virus poseduje tropizam za plocaste epitelijalne celije koje oblazu vaskulame prostore i za vretenaste celije KS koje mogu biti mesto njegove latencije i mesto njegove aktivne replikacije. Povecana seroprevalencija HHV-8 u HIV inficiranih osoba sa KS i utvrdena vremenska zavisnost (3-10 godina) od infekcije HHV-8 do pojave KS, uz prethodne nalaze ukazuje na etiopatogenetsku povezanost HHV-8 i KS. Nalaz herpes-virusu slicnih sekvenci (KS330233) prepisanih na mrnk u 100% uzoraka KS udruzenog sa HIV infekcijom i 72% uzoraka KS koji nije bio udruzen sa HIV infekcijom, ukazuje na etiolosku ulogu novog herpes virusa u patogenezi ovog tumora [24]. Kako i na koji nacin ovaj virus dovodi do pojave KS za sada jos nije tacno precizirano, da Ii je on direktno odgovoran iii se ponasa kao kofaktor ostaje da se razjasni u buducnosti. Rezultati istrazivanja Moora i saradnika koji su DNA sekvence HHV-8 detektovali ne sarno u uzorcima tkiva KS udruzenog sa HIV infekcijom nego i u uzorcima klasicnog KS i uzorcima KS u HIV negativnih homoseksualaca, podrzavaju mogucnost da je HHV-8 virus prouzrokovac KS kako u Ijudi sa HIV infekcijom tako i u Ijudi bez nje [24]. Hipoteza 0 patogenezi KS kod HIV inficiranih bolesnika, koja bazira na pretpostavci da endogeni faktor rasta i Tat protein HIV-a igraju glavnu ulogu u pojavi ovog tumora kod HIV inficiranih osoba, za sada se ne moze odbaciti s obzirom na dokaze da ovaj protein uz imunosupresiju povecava rizik od KS, puta [28]. Siguran nacin prenosenja virusa jos uvek nije razjasnjen. Vecina dokaza ide u prilog mogucem seksualnom prenosenju virusa. Studija 0 zdravlju Ijudi radena u San Francisku na populaciji HIV inficiranih osoba dokazala je znacajno vecu prevalenciju seropozitivnosti na HHV-8 u HIV pozitivnih osoba u odnosu na HIV negativne osobe. Ova seroprevalencija je bila u tesnoj povezanosti sa homoseksualnom aktivnoscu bolesnika i brojem muskih polnih partnera, a nezavisna od intravenske narkomanije i transfuzija krvi [29]. Do slicnih zapazanja dosli su Goedert i saradnici koji su takode utvrdili znacajno vecu prevalenciju anti-hhv-8 antitela u HIV inficiranih homoseksualaca u odnosu na HIV inficirane hemofilicare iii HIV neinficirane osobe [30]. U prilog mogucnosti da se virus prenosi seksualnim putem ukazuje i veca seroprevalencija na HHV-8 virus u bolesnika koji dolaze u institucije za polno prenosive bolesti u odnosu na normalnu populaciju kao i cinjenica da se kod HIV pozitivnih bolesnika bez KS u rektalnoj mukozi mogu nab DNK sekvence virusa [31]. Seropozitivnost u dece i otkrivanje virusa u nazalnom sekretu, salivi, spermi zdravih imunokompetentnih osoba ukazuje i na mogucnost razlicitih nacina prenosenja virusa [32]. Precizni podaci 0 seroprevalenciji HHV-8 u opstoj populaciji za sada jos uvek ne postoje. Dosadasnji rezultati baziraju se na rezultatima seroloskih testova kojima su odredivana antiliticka i antilatentna antinukleama antitela. Istrazivanja Lennettea i saradnika iz godine ukazuju da bi ova prevalencija u opstoj populaciji mogla iznositi 25%, pri cemu su uzeti u obzir i dobrovoljni davaoci krvi [33]. Antitela na liticke i latentne HHV-8 antigene utvrdena su u 50% africke populacije (32% u Zimbabveu, 56% u Nigeriji, 80% u Ugandi, Zairu i Zambiji i 100% na Obali Slonovace). U Velikoj Britaniji, Sevemoj Americi i Italiji utvrdena je prevalencija manja od 5%. Prevalencijaseropozitivnosti u dece u SAD je 2-8%. Treba istaci da utvrdena seroprevalencija u razlicitim geografskim podrucijirna nije pokazala korelaciju sa razvojem KS. Nespecificna reaktivnost jednog eseja, litickog imunofluorescentnog eseja, i manja senzitivnost drugog eseja, latentnog imunofluorescentnog eseja, moze usloviti nerealno prikazivanje seroprevalencije. Udruzenost HHV-8 infekcije i drugih dermatoloskih oboljenja potvrdena je sarno u pojedinim slucajevima. Istrazivanja Dupina i saradnika godine koja su sprovedena u Francuskoj na 83 bolesnika sa razlicitim dermatoloskim oboljenjima potvdila su sarno u 3 bolesnika prisustvo antitela na HHV-8 [34]; u jednog bolesnika sa vulgamim pemfigusom, u jednog sa buloznim pemfigoidom i u jednog sa diskoidnim eritemskim lupusom. Kako je prevalencija seropozitivnosti u kontrolnoj grupi bila 2% (2/100) nije utvrdena statisticki znacajna razlika, sto znaci da povezanost izmedu ovih oboljenja i HHV-8 infekcije nije dokazana, iako u literaturi postoje saopstenja 0 nalazu DNK sekvenci virusa, u sadrzaju buloznih promena kod pemfigusa [35]. Sto se tice sarkoidoze i njene udruzenosti sa HHV-8 virusom, postoji vise studija. Isticemo studiju Di Albertija i saradnika u okviru koje je ispitivano prisustvo DNK sekvenci HHV-8 i mikobakterijuma u sarkoidno izmenjenom tkivu. Ispitivani su uzorci biopsija 17 bolesnika sa

4 _.~ Poljackl M, i sar. Etiopatogenetski znacaj humanih herpes virusa sarkoidozom, pozitivnim Kvajmovim testom koji nisu bili na kortikosteroidnoj terapiji [36]. Kontrolnu grupu sacinjavali su uzorci biopsija tkiva 96 bolesnika bez sarkoidoze. Prisustvo DNK sekvenci utvrdeno je u 82% uzoraka sarkoidno izmenjenog tkiva, znacajno vise nego u nesarkoidnim uzorcima. Prisustvo RNK sekvenci mikobakterijuma utvrdeno je samo u limfnim cvorovima, a ne i u drugim uzorcima sarkoidno izmenjenog tkiva, sto ukazuje da infekcija ovim mikroorganizmom nema znacaja u patogenezi bolesti. Nalazi DNK sekvenci HHV-8 u sarkoidno izmenjenom tkivu ukazuju na blisku povezanost bolesti i ovog virusa. Da li je ona uzrocna ostaje da se otkrije u buducnosti. Nalaz razlicitih DNK sekvenci virusa u razlicitim uzorcima sarkoidno izmenjenog tkiva sa razlicitom anatomskom 10 kalizacijom ukazuju na koegzistenciju razlicitih varijanti virusa kod jednog domacina. Malo je verovatno da je ova razlika uslovljena evolucijom jednog soja (mutacija HHV je veoma spora), verovatnije je uslovljena brojnim epizodama infekcije. Iz ovoga se da zakljuciti da infekcija jednom varijantom virusa ne obezbeduje imunitet od infekcije drugom varijantom virusa. Da li je prisustvo humanih herpes virusa dovoljno da izazove specificne lezije u odredenim bolestima ostaje da se razjasni u buducnosti. U svakom slucaju, nalaz ovih virusa u obolelih pruza novu sliku 0 mogucim etiopatogenetskim mehanizmima ovih bolcsti. Literatura 1. Salahuddin SZ, Ablashi DV, Markham PD. Isolation of new virus, HBLV in patients with Iymphoproliferative disorders. Science 1986;234: I. 2. Roizman B, Desroisiers RC, Fleckenstein B. The family Herpesviridae: an up date. Arch Virol 1992;123: Dewhurst S, Mcintyre K, Schnabel K. Human herpesvims 6 (HHV-6) variant B accounts for the majority of symptomatic primary HHV-6 infections in a population of US infants. J Vlin Microbiol 1993;31: Yoshikawa T, Kojima S, Asano Y. Human herpesvirus 6 infection and bone marow transplatation. Leuk Lymphoma 1992;8: Yamanishi K, Okuno T, Shiraki K. Identifiaction of human herpesvirus- 6 as causal agent for exanthem subitim (letter). Lancet 1992;340: Briggs M, Fox J, Tedder RS. Age prevalence of antibody to human herpesvirus, Lancet 1988; Cone RW, Huang ML, Ashley R. Human herpesvirus 6 DNA in peripheral blood cells and saliva from immunocompetent individuals. J Clin MicrobioI1993;31:l Kusuhara K, Veda K, Miyazaki C. Attack rate of exanthem subitum in Japan (letter). Lancet 1992;340: Portolani M, Cermelli C, Moroni A. Human herpesvirus 6 infections in infants admitted hospital. J Med Virol 1993;39: Segondy M, Astrye J, Atoui N. Herpesvirus 6 infections in young children. N Eng.I Med 1992; 327: Akashi K, Eizuru Y, Sumiyoshi Y. Briefreport: severe infections mononucleosis-like syndrome and primary human herpesvirus 6 infection in an adult. 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In vitro activation of human herpesvirus 6 and 7 from latency. Proc Nati Acad Sci US 1996;93: Ablashi DV, Berneman ZN, Kramarsky B, Withman J Jr, Asano Y, Pearson GR. Humani herpesvirus 7 (Ill-IV-7): current status. Clin Diagn Viriol 1995;4: Wyatt I.S, Frenkel N. Human herpesvirus 7 is a constitutive inhabitant of adalt human saliva. J Viriol 1992;66: Drago F, Ranieri E, Rebora A. Pityriasis rosea and herpesvirus 7: action or interaction (letter)? Arch Dermatol 1998;197: Drago F, Ranieri E, Malaguti 17, Losi E, Rebora A. Human herpesvirus 7 in pityriasis rosea. Lancet 1997;349: Chang.Y. Cesannan E, Pessin MS at al. Identifaction of herpes-virus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. Science 1994;266: Moore PS, Chang Y. Detection of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in Kaposi sarcoma in patients with and witat HlVinfection. N Engl J Med 1995;332: Pavlovic M. Kaposijev sarkom, In: Karadaglic 8. Dermatologija, Vojno izdavacki zavod, Beograd 2000; Cesarman E, Chang Y, Moore P, Said.TW, Knowles DM. Kaposi sarcoma - associated herpes-like DNA sequences in AIDS-related body-cavity-based lymphomas. New Eng J Med 1995;332: (18) Ambroziak JA, Blackboum DJ, Herndier BG, Glogan RG. Gullet JH, Me Donald AR, et al. Herpes-like sequences in HlV-infected and unfected Kaposi's sarcoma. Science 1995; 268:58-3.

5 Med Preg12001; LIV (9-10): Novi Sad: septembar-oktobar Masia IM, Mugoni MG, Massareli G, Rovasi S, Cottoni F. Lymphangioma-like pattern and anaplastic evolution in a case of classic Kaposi's sarcoma. J Eur Acad Derm Venereol 1997;9: Martin IN, Ganem DE, Dennis H, Osmond DH, Page Shafer KA, Macrae D, et al. Sexual transmission and the natural hitory of human herpesvirus 8 infection. N Engl J Med 1998;338: Goedert JJ, Kedes DB, Ganem D. Antibodies to human herpesvirus 8 in women and infants born in Haiti and the USA (letter). Lancet 1997;349: Kedes DH, Operskatski E, Busch M, Kohn R, Flood J, Ganem D. The seropedemiology of human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi's sarcoma -associated herpesvirus): distribution of infection in KS risk groupa and evidence for sexual transmission. Nat Med 1996;2: Blackbourn DJ, Lennette ET, Ambroziak J, Mourich DV, Levy JA. Human herpesvirus 8 detection in nasal secretions and saliva. J Infect Dis 1998)77: Lennette ET, Blackbourn DS, Levy JA. Antibodis to human herpesvirus tye 8 in the general population and in Kaposi's sarcoma patients. Lancet 1996;348: Dupin N, Marcelin AG, Gorin I, Bossi P, Franck N, Weill B, et al. Prevalence of human hrpesvirus 8 infection masered by antibodies to a latent nuclear antigen in patients with various dennatologic diseases. Arch Dennatol 1998;134 (6): Memar OM, Rady PI., Goldblum RM. Human herpesvirus 8nDNA sequences in blistering skin from patients with phemphigus, Arch DennatoI1997;133: Di Aalberti L, Piattelli A, Artese L. Human herpesvirus 8 varians in sarcoid tissues. Lancet 1997;350: Summary Introduction In the past few years new human herpes viruses (HHV): HHV-6, -7 and -8 have been discovered. According to the most recent literature, they might have an important role in etiopathogenesis ofsome dermatological diseases. Human herpesvirus 6 HHV-6 was isolated in 1984 from peripheral blood lymphocytes ofaids patients and patients with different lymphoproliferative diseases. Up to now, two variants ofthis virus have been identified, A and B, which differ in genetic, biological and immunological characteristics. The etiological importance ofvariant A, has not yet been clarified, while variant B is considered to be the major cause ofmany diseases, such as exanthema subitum in infants. In many cases primary infection is associated with elevated temperature, without rash. Human herpesvirus 7 HHV-7 was isolated in 1990 from activated peripheral blood CD4+ T cells ofhealthy persons. The virus is ubiquitous and more than 80% 0/babies and infants are affected. Presence of DNA sequences of this virus in mononuclear cells ofperipheral blood, skin and plasma 0.(pityriasis rosea patients, points to possible connection between this illness and HHV-7 infection. Human herpesvirus 8 HHV-8 was first identified ill tissue samples 0.(patients with Kaposi's sarcoma associated with AIDS ill DNA virus sequences were also isolated ill HIV negative persons with Kaposis's sarcoma. Presence ofvirus call be established in mononuclear cells ofperipheral blood, endothelial cells that cover vascular spaces and spindle cells within skin changes. Modes of transmission are still not clarified. However, HHV-8 was identified ill some other dermatologicaldiseases as well. Key words: Herpesvirus 6, Human; Herpesvirus 7, Human; Herpesvirus, Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated; Skin Diseases Rad je primljen I. Prihvacen za stampu 10. VII 200 I. BIBLlD :(2001 ):LIV:9-10:

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