The scientific opportunity made possible by x-rays of 1) high intensity, 2) ultrafast pulse duration, and 3) full transverse coherence

Transcription

1 Welcome to Shanghai!

2 What can FEL do? Purpose and Goals The scientific opportunity made possible by x-rays of 1) high intensity, 2) ultrafast pulse duration, and 3) full transverse coherence What have done with the first soft x-ray FEL, FLASH, the first hard x-ray FEL, LCLS, EUV in SCSS-TA, and the first seeded FEL, What s the next? Which should be improved in the perspective of science side? What can Asia contribute? SACLA lased, PAL approved, SXFEL approved Growing interest in the Chinese Science Community

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4 LCLS KITP program: X ray Frontiers KITP program: X-ray Frontiers August 2 - September 10, 2010 UCSB

5 Nature Publishes First Bioimaging Results from the LCLS Within 6 months of completion, LCLS is being used to study a wide array of science topics, including: Hollow atoms Magnetic g materials Structure of biomolecules in nanocrystals Single shot images of viruses and whole cells LCLS instruments provide new approach to x-ray bioimaging: Liquid or aerosol injection Very low noise, high-frame-rate CCD detectors Integrated computing infrastructure to manage gigabytes of data per day

6 Femtosecond X-ray Protein Nanocrystallography Nanocrystals flow in their buffer solution in a gas-focused, 4- m-diameter jet at a velocity of 10m/sec perpendicular to the pulsed X-ray FEL beam that is focused on the jet. Chapman, H. N., et al. Nature, Feb 3 rd,

7 Femtosecond X-ray Protein Nanocrystallography Photosystem t I plays key role in photosynthesis. Difficult to crystallize and use standard x-ray crystallography to obtain structure. Single shot diffraction pattern Single shot images from LCLS of nanocrystals used to build up full 3-D diffraction pattern. Combined 3D diffraction pattern Low resolution (~9 Å) shows structural details (e.g., helix density). Reconstructed 3-D Structure Chapman, H. N., et al. Nature, Feb 3 rd, 2011.

8 Single Mimi Virus Particles Intercepted and Imaged Mimi virus is the largest known virus. Its size is comparable to the size of the smallest living cells 45 m. Cannot be crystallized or imaged by conventional techniques. Reconstructions of single shot images from LCLS (32 nm resolution) reveal inhomogeneous interior structure of virion. Single shot scattering patterns (above) and reconstructed images (below) Seibert, M. M., et al. Nature, Feb 3 rd, 2011 Future enhancements will improve resolution and enable visualization of contents of living cells. 8

9 LCLS The availability of the FEL as a tool for biologists has certainly tantalized them. Comments Stanford University s Axel Brunger, Its impact on structural biology could be similar to that of synchrotron light sources when first introduced for macromolecularcrystal data collection a prerequisite for solving several prize winning structures. Mark Wilson, Physics Today 64 (4), 13 (2011)

10 SCSS TA Femtosecond Snapshot Holography with Extended Reference Using Extreme Ultraviolet Free-Electron Laser Yoshinori Nishino et al., Applied Physics Express 3 (2010)

11 First Light A microscopic view on the Mott transition in chromium-doped V 2 O 3 S. Lupi, et al., Nat.Commun. 1, 105 doi: /ncomms1109 (2010) Our results shine new light on the different metallicity of the PM phase obtained by lowering the temperature with respect to the one obtained by applying external pressure and bridge between local probes such as photoemission and X-Ray diffraction, which h can directly detect t the microscopic details of the phase separation, and transport measurements, which are instead sensitive to the long scale metallic property.

12 LCLS The SAC strongly encouraged us to move ahead with some key yprojects: (1) hard X-ray self-seeding which improves the present noisy pulses into well-behaved, more intense pulses ; (2) ultrafast diagnostics that can measure the time structure of the individual X-ray pulses which we currently do not know; (3) methods to accurately determine the time between the arrival of two pulses for example, an optical pump pulse from a conventional laser that produces a new chemical state of interest and a later LCLS x-ray probe pulse which reveals how the chemical state changes with time; and (4) the development of X-ray detectors which can record pictures of the individual X-ray pulses scattered by a sample with improved quality and speed. Joachim Stöhr (LCLS director), SLAC Today, May 6, 2011

13 BioFEL

14 SACLA Lased At 16:10 on June 7, 2011, we accomplished lasing with

15 PAL XFEL approved! For the PAL-XFEL Project (0.06 nm wavelength), as you know we have made great effort since In particular, with your strong supports and helps, we have made great progress for last three years. Finally, this project was approved by the Korean Government in this August and by the Korea National Assembly this week. Therefore I am very pleased to inform you all that the PAL-XFEL Project (which is our future and also Korean Scientists' future) will be launched in coming January (2011) and take next four year to be completed. Moonhor Ree, Director, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory from Courtesy of Winni Decking, DESY

16 SXFEL approved!

17 FLASH I/II SwissFEL SXFEL PAL XFEL LCLS-II NGLS Courtesy of Prof. Ishikawa

18 FEL Activities at SINAP Zhentang Zhao, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Workshop on Science with Free Electron Lasers, August 20, 2011, Shanghai, China

19 Introduction FEL Strategy at SINAP Outline FEL experiments: SDUV-FEL FEL design studies: SXFEL, HXFEL FEL technology R&Ds: C-Band structure, In- vacuum Undulator, T&S, Cavity BPM, TDS, CTR Summary and Conclusions

20 FEL Strategy at SINAP

21 nm Roadmap of Shanghai FELs Hard X-ray FEL Design R&Ds Construction Comm. Operation 10 Desi. Soft X-ray FEL Cons. Comm. Beamline Operation 100 SDUV-FEL Test Facility EEHG Cas. HGHG Users

22 SINAP Photon Science Center SXFEL Compact XFEL

23 R&Ds on key technologies (Cryogenic) IVU C-Band Structure Timing and Synchronization Beam and X-ray Instrum. Photoinjector

24 SDUV FEL

25 SDUV-FEL Program Shanghai Deep-Ultraviolet FEL (SDUV-FEL) started as an HGHG FEL test setup, adding second modulator for Echo (EEHG) studies since 2009; Funded partially by Chinese Academy of Sciences/CAS Ministry of Science and Technology of China/MOST Chinese Natural Science Foundation of /NSFC Collaborating institutes and universities include USTC, IHEP, THUB and SINAP; As a test bed for the key technologies for XFELs.

26 SDUV-FEL Experiment Hall

27 Linac Layout Quads B2 Q11Q10 Q9 ACC5 ACC4 LA-PFR5 Q8 Q7 LA-PFR3 Q6 Q5 ACC3 B0 Q2 Q1 ACC2 ACC1 LA-PFR0 Gun B11-B14 Q13 LA-PFR1 FCQ01-28 IN-FC00 BPM ICT Profile

28 FEL Layout ADC-POP2 ADC-POP1 BPM5 BPM4 UNPRF5 srad UNPRF4 Q30 CCD Motor UNPRF3 UNPRF2 DS1-2 B4-B7 PMU Q18 Coll.2 Q17 Q16 DS1-1 B3 MC3-A UNPRF1 UNPRF0 Coll.1 UDR Q14 B15-18 Q15 Q13 Q1-3 MC5-B Q1-2 ADC-2 B8 Q1-1 MC3-D ADC-1 MC5-A CH04 CV04 MC3-C CH02 CV02 SeedInj-2 MC3-B SeedInj-1 CH01 CV01 MC5-CC UNPRF6 MOD2 MC5-D UN-POP1/2 UN-POP3/4 UN-POP5/6 UN-POP7/8 UN-POP9/10 UN-POP11/12 Q19 Q20 Q21 Q22 Q23 Q24 CH19 CH20 CH21 CH22 CH23 CH24 CBPM CV19 CV20 CV21 CV22 CV23 CV24 UNPRF7 Delay Line B19-B21 B21 DS2 B22-B24 B24 B9

29 FEL Capabilities SASE HGHG EEHG Cascaded HGHG

30 Milestones of FEL experiments : 04 08: Linac commissioning : SASE experiment : 03: Seeded FEL Installations : Seeded FEL experiments start : HGHG signal : First Echo signal ( double-peak ) : Install. for high harmonics EEHG : HGHG saturation : EEHG amplification : Cascaded d HGHG experiments begin : First signal of 1 st stage of CHGHG : 08: Second stage experiments

31 Main Parameters of SDUV-FEL Linac Beam energy Beam energy spread (projected) Normalized emittance Bunch Length (rms) Bunch charge Seed laser wavelength Seed laser pulse length Seed laser energy MeV <0.03% 4~5mm-mrad mrad 2~8ps 100~300pC 786nm 200fs 3.6mJ

32 100~150MeV 4~5mm.mrad

33 Two-stage Cascaded d HGHG 184MeV 196nm 786nm 393nm Fresh bunch technique:

34 First Results First stage Radiation Timing scan Spectrum: 400nm

35 SXFEL

36 SXFEL An FEL test facility initiated by an IHEP group headed by Prof. S.Y. Chen in 2005, and such kind of FEL R&D has been proposed and supported by Prof. C. N. Yang since 1997; SXFEL is a 10nm two-stage cascading HGHG FEL demonstrator for performing the proof of principle of the cascading HGHG FEL and prototyping the key FEL technologies toward the HGHG based XFEL; After long discussions with the experts in Chinese community, the CAS decided to choose SSRF campus in Shanghai as the facility site and SINAP as the host institute for the SXFEL project in 2007; Design and construction have been and will be done under the close collaborations with, Tsinghua Univ: on photo cathode injector SINAP: on main linac, undulator, utility, building and etc. The SXFEL project proposal got official approval on Feb Currently we are carrying out intensive design studies.

37 SXFEL Performance Parameters HGHG Upgrade Unit Output Wavelength 9 3 nm Bunch charge 0.5~1 0.5~1 nc Energy ~1.3 GeV Energy spread 0.1~0.15% 0.15% Energy spread (sliced) 0.02% 0.03% Normalized emittance 2.0~ ~2.5 mm.mrad Pulse length (FWHM) 1. 1 ps Peak current ~ ka Rep. rate 1~10 1~10 Hz

38 Layout Linac Hall RF gun 130 MeV 203 MeV 423 MeV 840 MeV Linac-2 Linac-3 Linac-0 Linac-1 L 12 m L 20 m L 6 m L 6 m rf 41 rf S Laser Heater S X BC1 L 12.8 m mm R 56 S BC2 L 12.8 m mm m m 10m R 56 C C Undu. Hall Collimator Mod1 Mod1* Rad1 Mod2 Radiator2 Seed laser 20.0m m

39 ShuttersBPM Photon diagnostics Mirrors Multi-slit Optical Ce:YA CCD G Dump Front End: 20m VLSG Slit BPMEUV CCD Photon Diagnostics: 14m Preliminary design diagnostics only no user experiment yet (funding issues)

40 Potential future upgrades As test facility EEHG HHG as seed Self seeding THz/Optical/Harmonics afterburner Flexible polarization control Potential ti user facility with moderate upgrade, additional funding needed Energy upgrade to 1.3GeV Water window(3.7nm) ( ) Beam-lines and experiment stations

41 Compact HXFEL

42 HXFEL

43 HXFEL Parameters Value Unit Output Wavelength 0.1 nm Bunch charge 250 pc Energy 6.4 GeV Normalized emittance 0.4 mm.mrad Energy spread (sliced) 0.01% 01% Pulse length (Full) 100 fs Peak current 3 ka Rep. rate 60 Hz FEL parameter 3.41*10-4 Peak power 10 GW Peak brightness 2* D gain length m Saturation ti length 50 m

44 Tech. R&Ds

45 C band structure In collaboration with Tsinghua University, BVERI (CEPC) and KEK 51 cells+2 matching cells

46 In-vacuum undulator

47 Timing and synchronization

48 Cavity BPM

49 Deflecting cavity 5 4 deflected_leng gth(mm) deflecting_voltage(a.u.)

50 Summary SDUV-FEL experiments: ongoing, interesting results are coming out SXFEL: funded, design studies under way, complete in 2015 SHFEL: design studies, aiming at project starting 2017 R&Ds on key technologies: ongoing Welcome to FEL2011 in Shanghai, August 22-26,2011!

51 Thanks for Your Attention