Review of Hadron machines for cancer therapy
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1 Review of Hadron machines for cancer therapy M. Kanazawa NIRS cancer therapy with hadron (p, C) Clinical studies at New ideas of accelerators Compact facilities (p, C)
2 Depth dose distribution Carbon, proton Surface (skin) low dose Deep point high dose (Bragg peak) dose concentration on tumor γ neutron Surface (skin) high dose Deep point low dose (attenuation) Characteristic points Relative 相対線量 dose (%) 炭素 C 中性子 n γ 線陽子 p 体内での深さ Depth (cm) (cm)
3 (Relative) C290MeV/u beam SOBP 6.0 cm (Spread Out of Bragg Peak) tumor Mono-energy peak (Bio-clinical) Sum Calculating SOBP bio-clinical depth dose
4 Features of the Heavy Ion Therapy Biological effectiveness Heavy Ion Beam = High LET 4 3 Si P C Large RBE (RBE:Relative Biological Effectiveness) Low OER (OER:Oxygen Enhancement Ratio) RBE, OER RBE OER H LET ( kev/μ ) RBE and OER dependence on LET
5 Biological Dose (GyE NIRS SOBP of several particles Biological Depth-Dose Distribution of 6cm SOBP 6cm He C Ne Proton calculation Depth in Water (cm)
6 Patient number of hadron radio-therapy Ion - He, C, Ne,,, π Ion Patient number Proton
7 Facilities Charged Particle Therapy in the World TRIUMF (Vancouver) LBL (Berkeley) original, but already shutdown UCD (Davis) Indiana Univ. LLU (Loma Linda) GSI (Darmstadt) (Cratterbridge) CNRS (Orsay) MGH(Boston) (Lyo n) DKFZ (Heidelberg) PSI CNAO (Pave) AUSTRON (Wien) BNPI (Novosivirsk) IMP (Lanzhou) Heavy ion Heavy ion (under construction / planning) Proton, Pion, etc... Proton, Pion, etc (under construction / planning) NAC(Capetown)
8 Charged Particle Therapy in Japan and other facilities in Japan Heavy ion Hyogo NCC (Kashiwa) Gunma Wakasa Univ. of Tsukuba Heavy ion (under construction) Proton NIRS (Chiba) Proton (under construction) Other plans (not funded) Shizuoka
9 (Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba)
10 Requirements for accelerator - Ion species: high LET (100keV/mm) carbon - Range : 30cm in soft tissue 430MeV/n - Maximum field size : 22cm radius - Dose rate : 5Gy/min pps - Beam line : horizontal, Room vertical A : V Room B : H, V Room C : H ECR ion source RFQ linac Alvarez linac Synchrotron (Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba)
11 Irradiation System at Making of Spread Out Bragg Peak Scattering material Dose monitor Wobbling Magnet Ridge Filter Controller Multi Leaf Collimator Range Shifter Cancer Tumor Irradiation area Bolus Collimator
12 - Irradiation system with a patient s respiratory motion gate - Accelerator Treatment control Gated beam extraction system (RF knockout method) Ion beam Beam monitor Gate generator PSD Respiration waveform Reference Image Positioning Image Planning simulation Positioning area Irradiation room X-ray TV Positioning system using x-ray TV images
13 Dose and Fractionation at One Fraction For lung Two fractions For liver NSCLC : Non-small cell lung cancer
14 Lung cancer - one fraction
15 Patient number at ( ) with payment free
16 Clinical trial Statistics of clinical trial Prostate Brain Lung Eye Lachrymal Head Head & Neck & Neck Bone & Soft tissue Digestive duct Bone & Liver Brain Lung Soft tissue Tumor Uterus Rectum Pancreas Liver Pancreas Eye Digestive duct Total 2867 Prostate Lachrymal Rectum Uterus Miscellaneous Patient s
17 Clinical results at (1)
18 Clinical results at (2)
19 FFAG at KEK
20
21 Superconducting cyclotron for carbon also Design studied By L.Calabretta et. al
22 Loma Linda University clinical start patient number (10324) Three gantries One fixed line
23 PMRC, University of Tsukuba Proton synchrotron Maximum energy H: 250MeV/u Treatment room 2 rooms 2 gantries patient number 656 June 2005
24 National Cancer Center (NCC) Proton cyclotron Maximum energy H: 235MeV/u Treetment room 3 rooms 2 gantries at Kashiwa-city Clinical trial has been started since Nov Patients has been treated 300 Oct
25
26 Two gantries Superconducting cyclotron at PSI
27 Hyogo Hadron Therapy Center C & Proton synchrotron Maximum energy C: 320MeV/u H: 230MeV/u Treetment room 6 rooms, 7 ports Start 2001 Patient number proton : 617 carbon : 39 May 2005.
28 GSI sitemap Beam : Carbon Start 1997 Irradiation : raster scan Treatment : Head and neck Patient number 198 (Dec. 2003)
29 HIT at Heidelberg, Germany Raster scan Heavy ion gantry
30 CNAO at Pavia, Italy
31 CNAO at Pavia, Italy
32 CNAO at Pavia, Italy
33 Heavy-ion therapy project, IMP Superficially-placed tumor therapy at the Heavy Ion Research Facility (HIRFL) with intermediate energy carbon ion beam (100MeV/u); deep-seated tumor therapy Therapy for tumors anywhere in the body at the HIRFL-Cooling Storage Ring (HIRFL -CSR) with high energy carbon ion beam (400MeV/u). shallow-seated tumor therapy
34 C, 100MeV/u C ion therapy, at MPI I M P RQ7 RQ8 RQ9 RQ10 R4B1 Slit R4Q1 R4B2 Basement Scanning magnet Monitors R4Q2 R4Q3 SY SX Target volume Therapy HIRFL for the treatment of superficially-placed tumors
35 Requirement for compact facility with carbon beam Construction has started at Gunma university (2006 ~ )
36 Injector linac Injector in Developed injector
37 APF IH linac
38 Beam test of APF-IH linac FCN2 (eμa) Transmission (%) FC2 Transmission (%) Pick-up voltage for IH-DTL (V)
39 Design of synchrotron 20 m Injection energy Maximum energy Beam intensity Repetition circumference Straight section Max. field acceptance momentum horizontal vertical injection extraction 4 MeV/u 400 MeV/u ppp 0.5 Hz 63 m 3m T ±0.3% 200πmm mrad 10 πmm mrad Multi-turn RF-KO
40 Developed acceleration system Acceleration cavity present Beam test at New : 1.5m
41 Developing irradiation system (HIMA C) (developed irradiation system ) Ridge filter (9,000) コリメ - タ コリメ - タ
42 Spiral Wobbler Method The spiral wobbler method can form the irradiation field by thin scatterer compared with the conventional one. This brings the longer residual range in patient. Conventional Method wobbl er magnet s scat t er er col l i mat or Spiral Wobbler Method The Spiral Wobbler can be available a larger field even under thin scatterer.
43 Gunma university, Japan Gunma university, Japan Finish : 2009
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