Living in the Tail Pipe Pollution Dispersion and Transport David Waugh Air Quality Sciences Environment Canada Dartmouth, NS
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1 Living in the Tail Pipe Pollution Dispersion and Transport David Waugh Air Quality Sciences Environment Canada Dartmouth, NS NSEL - AQ Forum - March NSEL AQ Forum March Photo Courtesy NOAA/NESDIS June (NOAA)
2 Outline One Atmosphere How Does Pollution Disperse? How Does Pollution Travel Long Distances? How Do We Track Pollution? NSEL - AQ Forum - March
3 One Atmosphere Atmospheric Cycling Relative Wind Speed volcanoes NSEL - AQ Forum - March Courtesy Wikipedia.org
4 Emissions Man-made and Natural Estimate Release of NO at 1400 EST July 7, 1995 NSEL - AQ Forum - March
5 Average Flow Patterns Courtesy weatherimages.org NSEL - AQ Forum - March
6 Dispersion is affected by SOLAR RADIATION - vertical mixing, mixing height, downward transport from aloft CLOUDS - affect solar radiation, stability, mixing, venting TEMPERATURE - vertical mixing, mixing height WIND - Volume of air for given emission rate, mechanical turbulence, horizontal and vertical mixing. NSEL - AQ Forum - March
7 Temperature Inversions in Winter Topography Courtesy US EPA NSEL - AQ Forum - March
8 Plume Dispersion Looping top view Fanning Courtesy US EPA NSEL - AQ Forum - March
9 Plume Dispersion Fumigation Coning Courtesy US EPA NSEL - AQ Forum - March
10 Plume Dispersion Lofting Courtesy US EPA NSEL - AQ Forum - March
11 Mathematical representation of dispersion in a plume Gaussian Concentration in the vertical Wind Direction Concentration in the horizontal T=t 0 T=t 0 +2 Courtesy Rennselaer Plume Centre-line T=t 0 +4 NSEL - AQ Forum - March
12 Plume Examples NSEL - AQ Forum - March
13 Plume Examples - Quebec Forest Fires - July 6, 2002 Courtesy NOAA NSEL - AQ Forum - March
14 Gobi Dust -April 2001 Transport around the Globe NSEL - AQ Forum - March
15 What causes pollutants to be altered enroute? Impact of the following weather factors Solar radiation -UV -splitting compounds Clouds/Fog - chemistry within droplets Temperature - chemical reaction rates, solubility, condensation of low vapour pressure compounds Humidity - reactions on particles, transfer to and from particles Wind - interaction of sources, dilution of concentration Chemical Changes NSEL - AQ Forum - March
16 Studying air parcel movement using Local Sources Mixing Height Chemistry Chemistry Deposition Precipitation Relative Humidity Clouds Solar Radiation Emissions trajectories NSEL - AQ Forum - March
17 NSEL - AQ Forum - March
18 Deposition (Very weather-dependent part of process) SOLAR RADIATION- surface-layer turbulence TEMPERATURE - surface uptake rate, dew formation, stability, solubility WIND - mechanical turbulence, impaction on surface HUMIDITY - surface wetness, dew, particle diameter, deposition velocity CLOUDS/FOG - rain-out, fog impaction PRECIPITATION - wash-out, wet deposition NSEL - AQ Forum - March
19 Tracking Air Pollution Surface Based monitoring Remote sensing NSEL - AQ Forum - March
20 Ground Based Observation of Ozone AIRnow mapping ppb ppb ppb ppb ppb < 20 ppb Courtesy US EPA
21 Ground Based Observation of Particles Good Moderate Unhealthy for sensitive groups Unhealthy Courtesy US EPA NSEL - AQ Forum - March
22 EOS AURA Orbit: Polar: 705 km, sun-synchronous, 98 o inclination, ascending 1:45 PM +/- 15 min. equator crossing time. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7920 from VAFB, July 15, 2004 AURA follows AQUA in the same orbit by 15 minutes. Six Year Spacecraft Life MLS HIRDLS OMI TES Ozone Monitoring Instrument Courtesy NOAA Dr. Bhartia NSEL - AQ Forum - March
23 Satellite view of a volcano plume NSEL - AQ Forum - March
24 Western Fires June 25, 2002 Courtesy NOAA Dr. Bhartia Earth-Probe/TOMS: Aerosol Index NSEL - AQ Forum - March
25 Satellite view of Saharan Dust Storm July 2005 Courtesy NOAA Dr. Bhartia NSEL - AQ Forum - March
26 Mean NO 2 from Satellite Courtesy NOAA Dr. Bhartia NSEL - AQ Forum - March
27 Satellite view of NO2 pollution November 12, 2004 Courtesy NOAA Dr. Bhartia NSEL - AQ Forum - March
28 Satellite view of NO 2 Aug 22, 2005 Courtesy NOAA Dr. Bhartia NSEL - AQ Forum - March
29 Satellite View of SO 2 from Large Power Plants Courtesy NOAA Dr. Bhartia NSEL - AQ Forum - March
30 Chemical Model Forecast of Surface Ozone, June 6-14, 1999 MOIP - Nov 2002
31 Radioactive Substance Release Chernobyl April 25 May 10, 1986 NSEL - AQ Forum - March
32 Dalhousie University LIDAR June 25, 2005 Courtesy Dr. T Duck NSEL - AQ Forum - March
33 Thanks Websites of interest Back or Forward Trajectories: AIRnow Maps of Ozone and PM: Daily Pollution Prediction Model: Daily Air Quality Forecasts: NSEL - AQ Forum - March
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