Psychiatric Illness. In the medical arena psychiatry is a fairly recent field A challenging field Numerous diagnosis

Transcription

1 Psychiatric Illness In the medical arena psychiatry is a fairly recent field A challenging field Numerous diagnosis 12,000,000 children infants through 18 y/o nation wide 5,000,000 suffer severely Serious depression affects 1 in 50 children Suicide 3 rd leading cause of death years old

2 Drug Names/Classifications Drugs have 2 names Brand Name/Trade Name - Manufacturers Generic Name - (usually okay) Example: Tylenol brand or trade name Acetaminophen generic name

3 Psychotropics Drugs are tested on Adults not children when FDA approves a drug. When FDA approves drug, physician may apply its use for other than intended use. Growing bodies present unique challenges. More than three medications red flag Children easily overmedicated.

4 Psychotropics ALL DRUGS CAN PRODUCE SIDE EFFECTS Old class drugs more prone to produce: Extrapyramidal Symptoms side effects w/use of antipsychotics characterized by restlessness and involuntary rolling of the tongue or twitching of the face, trunk, or limbs. TardiveDyskinesia - usually occurring (above) as a complication of long-term therapy with antipsychotic drugs; more likely to be permanent Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - a life-threatening, neurological disorder most often caused by an adverse reaction to neuroleptic or antipsychotic drugs. Symptoms include high fever, sweating, unstable blood pressure, stupor, muscular rigidity, and autonomic dysfunction.

5 Mental Health Diagnosis Anxiety Includes panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), phobias, and separation anxiety disorder; Anxiety Disorders are the most common class of mental disorders present in the general population.

6 Psychotropics: Anxiety Medications Anxiolytics Benzodiazepine NonBenzodiazepine SSRI s (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) generally considered the mainstay drugs for depression, they are also considered first-line drugs for anxiety disorders. Tricyclic antidepressants panic d/o and OCD Beta-blockers considerably less effective than BZDs and SSRIs for panic disorders.

7 Psychotropics: Anxiety Medications Newer Anxiolytics designed to alleviate emotional anxiety and stress Benzodiazepine Anxiolytics Generic Brand Name Alprazolam Xanax Chlordiazepoxide Librium Clonazepam klonopin Diazepam Valium Lorazepam Ativan Others

8 Psychotropics: Anxiety Medications -- NonBenzodiazepine Anxiolytics BuSpar (often used for BiPolar) Vistaril (Anti anxiety) Newer SSRI s (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) Affects Serotonin in the brain Drugs used in the treatment of depression, anxiety, as well as certain personality disorders Produce fewer side effects Common Side effects: dry mouth, somnolence, weight gain, appetite increase/decrease

9 Psychotropics: Anxiety Medications Names of some SSRI s: Citalopram: Celexa Fluoxetine: Prozac Escitalopram: Lexapro Sertaline: Zoloft Paroxetine: Paxil

10 Psychotropics: Anxiety Medications Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) affects serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain Generic Brand Name Clomiprimine Anafranil Amitriptyline Elavil

11 Mental Health Diagnosis Psychotic Disorders characterized by dysregulation of thought processes a group of serious illnesses that affect the mind they can alter a person's ability to think clearly, make good judgments, respond emotionally, communicate effectively, understand reality, and behave appropriately. When symptoms are severe, people with psychotic disorders have difficulty staying in touch with reality and often are unable to meet the ordinary demands of daily life. Schizophreniform, Dementia, Delusional Disorder, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a group of severe brain disorders in which people interpret reality abnormally. Schizophrenia may result in some combination of hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking and behavior; it s a chronic condition, requiring lifelong treatment. Mayo Clinic Definition

12 Typical Antipsychotics can be very effective but are more likely -- in some cases highly likely -- than the atypical (second generation) antipsychotics to cause extrapyramidal side effects and tardive dyskinesia.

13 Typical Antipsychotics Generic haloperidol fluphenazine chlorpromazine trifluoperazine thioridazine Brand Name Haldol Prolixin Thorazine Stelazine Mellaril

14 Atypical Antipsychotics are the newer or second generation of antipsychotics are the first line treatment for Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.

15 Atypical Antipsychotics Generic Brand Names Aripiprazole Abilify Ziprasidone Geodon Risperidone Risperdal Quetiepine Seroquel Olanzapine Zyprexa

16 Mental Health Diagnosis Mood Disorders Four basic forms of mood disorders are major depression, cyclothymia (a mild form of bipolar disorder), SAD (seasonal affective disorder) and mania (euphoric, hyperactive, over inflated ego, unrealistic optimism.) Bipolar Disorders

17 Mental Health Diagnosis - Bipolar Bipolar disorder sometimes called manic-depressive disorder is a mood disorder associated with mood swings that range from the lows of depression to the highs of mania. Mayo Clinic Although bipolar disorder often worsens over time if untreated, most people with bipolar disorder can achieve stabilization of their mood swings and reduction of symptoms with proper treatment. Treatment usually consists of medications known as "mood stabilizers." Medicine Net

18 Mental Health Diagnosis Bipolar Medications

19 Mental Health Diagnosis - Depression Depression is a medical illness that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. Depression can cause physical symptoms, too. More than just a bout of the blues, depression isn't a weakness, nor is it something that you can simply "snap out" of. Depression is a chronic illness that usually requires long-term treatment, like diabetes or high blood pressure. Most people with depression feel better with medication, psychological counseling or other treatment. Mayo Clinic

20 Psychotropics: Depression Medications Generic Duloxetine Desyrel Venlafaxine Mirtazapine Brand name Cymbalta Trazodone Effexor Remeron