מחקרים של יח' המחקר בשנת 5102

Transcription

1 מחקרים של יח' המחקר בשנת Keren M, Keren N, Eden A, Tsangen S, Weizman A, Zalsman G. The complex impact of five years of stress related to life-threatening events on pregnancy outcomes: A preliminary retrospective study. Eur Psychiatry. 2015;30: BACKGROUND: To study the impact of chronic, life-threatening stressors in the form of daily missile attacks, for five consecutive years, on pregnancy outcomes. CONCLUSION: Exposure to chronic life-threatening stress resulted in more pregnancy complications and in particular more premature membrane ruptures. The impact was most significant during the middle period of the 5-year-exposure to the stressor. Hence it seems that factors of duration and habituation may play a role in the impact of chronic, life-threatening stressors on pregnancy. 2. Edelson MG, Shemesh M, Weizman A, Yariv S, Sharot T, Dudai Y. Opposing effects of oxytocin on overt compliance and lasting changes to memory. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2015;40: BACKGROUND: From infancy we learn to comply with societal norms. However, overt compliance is not necessarily accompanied by a change in internal beliefs. The neuromodulatory processes underlying these different phenomena are not yet understood. Here, we test the role of oxytocin in controlling overt compliance versus internalization of information delivered by a social source. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that this dissociation may result from reduced conflict in the face of social pressure, which increases immediate conforming behavior, but reduces processing required for deep encoding. These findings reveal a neurobiological control system that oppositely affects internalization and overt compliance. 3. Hermesh H, Schapir L, Marom S, Skopski R, Barnea E, Weizman A, Winocur E. Bruxism and oral parafunctional hyperactivity in social phobia outpatients. J Oral Rehabil. 2015;42:90-7. BACKGROUND: Anxiety and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered aggravating factors for bruxism. We examined the influence of anxiety, depression and SSRI on bruxism in social phobia (SP). 1

2 CONCLUSION: Severity of SP predicted the presence of parafunctional activity (PF). SP, but not depression, was associated with higher risk of oral PF and awake bruxism. Chronic SSRI treatment of SP did not affect sleep and awake bruxism. Dental and anxiety screening may improve the prognosis psychiatric and dental patients. Effective treatment of SP may mitigate bruxism. 4. Krivoy A, Balicer RD, Feldman B, Hoshen M, Zalsman G, Weizman A, Shoval G. Adherence to antidepressant therapy and mortality rates in ischaemic heart disease: cohort study. Br J Psychiatry. 2015;206: BACKGROUND: The use of antidepressant drugs in patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) has been debated owing to scarcity of data and conflicting results regarding the effect of these drugs on mortality. Aims: To evaluate the association between adherence to antidepressant therapy and all-cause mortality in a population-based cohort of patients with IHD. CONCLUSION: Adherence to antidepressant pharmacotherapy is associated with reduced all-cause mortality in a population-based large sample cohort of patients with IHD. Physicians and health policy decision-makers should step up their efforts to sustain and enhance these patients' adherence to their antidepressant regimen. 5. Bloch K, Gil-Ad I, Tarasenko I, Vanichkin A, Taler M, Hornfeld SH, Vardi P, Weizman A. Intracranial pancreatic islet transplantation increases islet hormone expression in the rat brain and attenuates behavioral dysfunctions induced by MK-801 (dizocilpine). Horm Behav. 2015;72:1-11. BACKGROUND: The treatment of rodents with non-competitive antagonist of the N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, MK-801 (dizocilpine), induces symptoms of psychosis, deficits in spatial memory and impairment of synaptic plasticity. Recent studies have suggested that insulin administration might attenuate the cognitive dysfunctions through the modulatory effect on the expression of NMDA receptors and on the brain insulin signaling. Intrahepatic pancreatic islet transplantation is known as an efficient tool for correcting impaired insulin signaling. CONCLUSION: Intracranial islet transplantation leads to the expression of islet hormones in the brain and attenuates behavioral and cognitive dysfunctions in rats exposed to MK-801 administration without altering the peripheral glucose homeostasis. 2

3 6. Ben-Sheetrit J, Aizenberg D, Csoka AB, Weizman A, Hermesh H. Post-SSRI Sexual Dysfunction: Clinical Characterization and Preliminary Assessment of Contributory Factors and Dose-Response Relationship. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2015;35: BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that sexual dysfunction emerging during treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and/or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) persists in some patients beyond drug discontinuation (post-ssri sexual dysfunction [PSSD]). We sought to identify and characterize a series of such cases and explore possible explanatory factors and exposure-response relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Female sex, genital anesthesia, and depression predicted current sexual dysfunction severity, but dose/defined daily dose ratio and anxiety did not. Genital anesthesia did not correlate with depression or anxiety, but pleasureless orgasm was an independent predictor of both depression and case probability. Limitations of the study include retrospective design and selection and report biases that do not allow generalization or estimation of incidence. However, our findings add to previous reports and support the existence of PSSD, which may not be fully explained by alternative nonpharmacological factors related to sexual dysfunction, including depression and anxiety. 7. Simchon-Tenenbaum Y, Weizman A, Rehavi M. Alterations in brain neurotrophic and glial factors following early age chronic methylphenidate and cocaine administration. Behav Brain Res. 2015;282: BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) overdiagnosis and a pharmacological attempt to increase cognitive performance, are the major causes for the frequent (ab)use of psychostimulants in non-adhd individuals. Methylphenidate is a non-addictive psychostimulant, although its mode of action resembles that of cocaine, a well-known addictive and abused drug. Neuronal- and glial-derived growth factors play a major role in the development, maintenance and survival of neurons in the central nervous system. We hypothesized that methylphenidate and cocaine treatment affect the expression of such growth factors. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible that the increased hippocampal GDNF mrna levels, may be relevant to the reduced rate of drug seeking behavior in ADHD adolescence that were maintained from childhood on methylphenidate. BDNF protein level increase with age, as well as following stimulant treatments at early age may be relevant to the neurobiology and pharmacotherapy of ADHD. 3

4 8. Ponizovsky AM, Rosca P, Aronovich E, Weizman A, Grinshpoon A. Baclofen as Add-On to Standard Psychosocial Treatment for Alcohol Dependence: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial With 1Year Follow-Up. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2015;52: BACKGROUND: Limited clinical trials and case-reports yielded conflicting results regarding the efficacy of baclofen (a GABAB agonist) in the treatment of alcohol dependence. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy and tolerability of baclofen in alcohol dependent patients in Israel. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike previous positive trials in Italy, and similarly to a negative trial in the USA, we found no evidence of superiority of baclofen over placebo in the treatment of alcohol dependence. However, the high placebo response undermines the validity of this conclusion. Therefore, more placebocontrolled trials are needed to either verify or discard a possible clinical efficacy of baclofen for alcohol dependence. 9. Weinstein A, Yaacov Y, Manning M, Danon P, Weizman A. Internet Addiction and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Schoolchildren. Isr Med Assoc J. 5102;17: BACKGROUND: Use of the internet and videogames by children and adolescents has risen dramatically over the last decade. Increasing evidence of internet and videogame addiction among children is causing concern due to its harmful physical, emotional and social consequences. There is also emerging evidence for an association between computer and videogame addiction and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ADHD and internet addiction. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate an association of ADHD, sleep disorders and internet/videogame addiction. 10. Tene O, Sigler M, Shiloh R, Weizman A, Aizenberg D. The clock-drawing test as a possible indicator of acute psychosis. Int Clin Psychopharmacol ;31: BACKGROUND: The clock-drawing test (CDT) is used widely to evaluate cognitive disorders, but its role in the assessment of psychotic disorders has not been studied. We sought to examine whether the CDT plays a role as an indicator of psychosis and to establish its sensitivity to clinical improvement of psychosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the CDT may aid in the assessment of psychotic states and in their clinical monitoring. 4

5 11. Aizenberg D, Weizman A, Weiss A, Akopian M, Amitai M, Beloosesky Y. The Association in Elderly Hospitalized Patients, Between Psychotropic Drugs and Hip Fractures Resulting from Falls. Exp Aging Res. 2015;41: BACKGROUND: Psychotropic drug treatment has been associated with increased risk for falls and hip fractures in elderly patients. The authors examined the association between drug treatment and hip fractures resulting from falls in elderly hospitalized patients, focusing on the medications' anticholinergic properties. CONCLUSION: The rate of psychotropic drug use in general and their anticholinergic burden are similar in acutely admitted elderly patients with or without hip fractures. However, higher usage rate of anxiolytics found in the patients with hip fractures may indicate that this is a risk factor for hip fractures related to falls in elderly patients living in the community. 12. Hochman E, Valevski A, Onn R, Weizman A, Krivoy A. Seasonal pattern of manic episode admissions among bipolar I disorder patients is associated with male gender and presence of psychotic features. J Affect Disord. 2016;190:123-7 BACKGROUND: Bipolar I disorder (BD-I) patients demonstrate disrupted chronobiology expressed as seasonal variation in mood symptoms. The seasonal pattern (SP) specifier of mood disorders was recently extended by the DSM-5, to be applied to manic episodes. However, the significance of seasonality of manic episodes for the course of BD-I is unknown. In the present study we sought to identify clinical and demographic features that discriminate between BD-I patients with and without SP of manic admissions. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that SP of manic admissions is associated with male gender and the presence of psychotic features, thus might be associated with more severe form of the disorder. 13. Poyurovsky M, Weizman A. Treatment of Antipsychotic-Related Akathisia Revisited: The Role of Serotonin 2A Receptor Antagonists. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2015;35: BACKGROUND: Akathisia remains a prevalent, clinically significant, and therapeutically challenging adverse event associated with antipsychotic treatment. 5

6 CONCLUSIONS: Compelling evidence supports therapeutic efficacy and clinical utility of agents with marked serotonin 2A receptor antagonism, primarily low-dose mirtazapine, as an effective and well-tolerated antiakathisia treatment 14. Grinshpoon A, Zusman SP, Weizman A, Ponizovsky AM. Dental Health and the Type of Antipsychotic Treatment in Inpatients with Schizophrenia. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2015;52: BACKGROUND: This study examined the association between dental conditions in hospitalized patients with ICD-10 schizophrenia and type of antipsychotic treatment. Based on the literature suggesting that atypical antipsychotics are thought to be more tolerable than typical antipsychotics, we hypothesized that hospitalized patients with schizophrenia treated with atypicals would have better dental health than those treated with typicals alone or with a combination of both (combined group). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that patients with schizophrenia maintained on atypicals have better dental health than patients treated with typicals or with a combination of both. From an oral health perspective, monotherapy with atypicals is superior to both typical and atypical/typical treatments. Although the choice between typical and atypical antipsychotic agents is based mainly on clinical psychiatric efficacy, the benefit of atypicals with regard to dental health should be taken into consideration in clinician's decision making. 6