MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Transcription

1 Chapter 12 AP PSYCHOLOGY BIG CRAZY Packet REVIEW Name p Perspectives on Psychological disorders questions 1-45 p Mood disorders questions p Anxiety disorders p Psychosomatic and Somatoform disorders p Dissociative disorders p Personality disorders p Schizophrenic disorders p Childhood disorders p cultural differences and psychological disorders MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The individual's primary criterion for judging abnormal behavior is. A) his or her sense of personal well-being B) whether the behavior conforms to what is socially expected 2. Mental health professionals look primarily at in judging abnormal behavior. A) an individual's personal sense of well-being B) personality characteristics 3. Society's main standard for judging abnormal behavior is. A) the person's experience of inner distress B) whether behavior conforms to what is socially expected C) the person's success in meeting societal expectations for performance in work, school, and in social relationships D) an individual's personal sense of well-being 4. In most cases, normal and abnormal behavior are different. A) both qualitatively and quantitatively B) quantitatively but not qualitatively C) qualitatively but not quantitatively D) neither qualitatively nor quantitatively 5. For those people in the Middle Ages who believed abnormal behavior resulted from supernatural forces, the treatment of choice was. A) tarantism B) magic potions C) purging with leeches D) exorcism 6. Public and private institutions for confining and imprisoning the mentally ill were first established in. A) ancient times B) the Middle Ages C) the Renaissance D) the nineteenth century 7. The first individual to argue for pleasant living conditions for the mentally ill was. A) Charcot B) Freud C) Pinel D) Mesmer 8. The most notable American pioneer in the treatment of mental illness was. A) Lincoln B) Dix C) Barton D) Ross 9. The basic reason for the failed, and sometimes abusive, treatment of mentally disturbed people throughout history has been. A) a lack of understanding of the nature and causes of psychological disorders B) lack of money to provide adequate care for disturbed people 1

2 10. The model of mental illness holds that abnormal behavior is caused by physiological malfunction that is often attributable to hereditary factors. A) cognitive-behavioral B) psychodynamic C) biological D) naturalistic 11. Thousands of years ago, mental illness was nearly always attributed to. A) social forces B) biological disorders C) improper diet D) supernatural powers 12. In the early Middle Ages in Europe, abnormal behavior was believed to result from. A) disease organisms B) biochemical imbalances C) inbreeding D) supernatural forces 13. It seems to Joanna that every time her son Daniel eats foods containing chemical dyes or additives, he gets into trouble or acts irrationally. When Joanna mentions this to her pediatrician, he tells her that Daniel's behavior fits the model of abnormality. A) psychoanalytic B) biological C) behavioral D) intrapersonal 14. The cognitive-behavioral model suggests that abnormal behavior is the result of. A) learning and thinking B) biology C) biochemical imbalances D) unconscious conflicts 15. Dave's wife suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his crippling fear of heights. The doctor suggests that Dave's phobia is a learned disorder that has been maintained by consistently negative thoughts. The doctor suggests that the disorder can be unlearned with proper treatment. This view is typical of the model of abnormality. A) psychoanalytic B) biological C) cognitive-behavioral D) humanistic 16. The psychoanalytic model of abnormal behavior was developed by. A) Wundt B) Fournier C) Freud D) Perls 17. The psychoanalytic model of mental illness was developed during the. A) late 19 th and early 20 th centuries B) Renaissance C) late Middle Ages D) mid to late 20 th century 18. The psychoanalytic model holds that abnormal behavior is the result of. A) biochemical imbalances B) biology C) learning D) unconscious conflicts 19. The psychoanalytic model holds that behavior problems can be traced to. A) faulty learning B) genetic disorders C) childhood D) adolescence 20. Dave's wife suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his inability to cope with criticism. The doctor suggests that Dave's problem represents the expression of an unresolved internal conflict that has its roots in Dave's childhood. This view is typical of the model of abnormality. A) psychoanalytic B) cognitive C) behavioral D) biological 2

3 21. The psychoanalytic model has had impact and has generated scientific evidence to support its claims about the causes and treatment of mental disorders. A) little; strong and broad-based B) a profound; weak and scattered C) a profound; strong and broad-based D) little; weak and scattered 22. The psychoanalytic model has generated scientific evidence to support its claims about the causes and treatment of mental disorders. A) weak but broad-based B) strong but scattered C) weak and scattered D) strong and broad-based 23. The frequency with which a given disorder occurs at a given time is known as its. A) epidemiology B) occurrence C) incidence D) prevalence 24. The number of new cases of a disorder that arise within a given time period is known as its. A) prevalence B) epidemiology C) occurrence D) incidence 25. If there were 100 cases of a disorder in a population of 1,000, and 50 of the cases were new cases, the prevalence of the disorder would be percent. A) 1 B) 5 C) 10 D) If there were 100 cases of a disorder in a population of 1,000, and 50 of the cases were new cases, the incidence of the disorder would be percent. A) 10 B) 1 C) 5 D) A World Health Organization study found that the highest prevalence of psychological disorders was in. A) Asia B) the Americas C) Europe D) the middle East and Africa 28. A World Health Organization study found that the lowest prevalence of psychological disorders was in. A) Europe B) Asia C) the Americas D) the middle East and Africa 29. According to the diathesis-stress model, some people. A) develop mental illness from supernatural causes B) can be cured of mental illness through hypnosis C) are biologically predisposed to certain kinds of stress D) are less susceptible than others to social influence 30. A diathesis is a. A) mental weakness or blind spot B) dilation of blood vessels in the brain C) physical disability D) biological predisposition 3

4 31. According to the diathesis-stress model,. A) genetic factors predispose some people to schizophrenia and stress activates the disorder B) schizophrenia results from the excess dilation of the blood vessels to the brain, resulting in stress to the neocortex C) schizophrenia results when children are taught to act in ways that contradict their perceptions of reality and their feelings D) people learn to be schizophrenic from observing schizophrenic parents 32. The view that biological, psychological, and social risk factors combine to produce psychological problems is known as the approach to abnormal behavior. A) psychodynamic B) multimodal C) systems D) pluralistic 33. The view that psychological, social, and biological risk factors combine to produce psychological problems is known as the approach to abnormal behavior. A) eclectic B) psychoneuroimmunological C) psychopharmacotherapeutic D) biopsychosocial 34. The biopsychosocial model is another name for the approach to mental illness. A) psychoanalytic B) unimodal C) cognitive-behavioral D) systems 35. The view that heart disease results from a combination of genetic predisposition, stress, characteristic personality styles, poor health behaviors, and competitive pressures is typical of the approach to abnormal behavior. A) systems B) multimodal C) eclectic D) psychoneuroimmunological 36. The legal term for a defendant's ability to understand the charges against him or her and participate in a defense in court is. A) abnormality B) insanity C) competency D) mental illness 37. A 2005 NIMH study found that the most common mental disorders are disorders. A) anxiety B) personality C) organic D) mood 38. Insanity is. A) neither a legal term nor a psychological one B) a legal term, not a psychological one C) both a legal term and a psychological one D) a psychological term, not a legal one 39. A legal term applied to defendants who do not know right from wrong or are unable to control their behavior is. A) insanity B) competency C) abnormality D) mental illness 40. The legal term for someone who is so mentally disturbed that he or she is not considered responsible for his or her criminal actions is. A) insanity B) psychosis C) schizophrenia D) psychopathology 4

5 41. The American Psychiatric Association has issued an official manual describing and classifying the various kinds of abnormal behavior for nearly years. A) 60 B) 20 C) 40 D) The DSM was designed to. A) classify the various kinds of psychological disorders B) identify and classify the various types of treatment facilities available in the United States C) provide a comprehensive listing of all the licensed therapists in America D) describe the most effective therapy approaches for various mental illnesses 43. DSM-IV-TR was designed to provide a complete list of. A) psychological disorders B) innate predispositions C) treatment models D) health providers 44. DSM-IV-TR defines mental disorders according to. A) family histories B) various theoretical approaches C) significant behavior patterns D) causes of disruptive behavior patterns 45. The most widely used classification of psychological disorders is the. A) MICS-II B) MDCS-III C) STRS D) DSM-IV-TR 46. Carl has been having problems lately. He feels that he is an utter failure and he blames himself totally for all of his problems. He is probably suffering from. A) conversion disorder B) depression C) hysteria D) bipolar disorder 47. Peter is so depressed that he feels no one could ever love him. He believes he is such a terrible person that he does not deserve to have any friends. He spends his nights alone and has not gone out with anyone in two years. His low opinion of himself is probably the result of a(n) disorder. A) anxiety B) mood C) dissociative D) somatoform 48. The DSM-IV-TR distinguishes between forms of depression. A) five B) two C) three D) four 49. An episode of intense sadness that may last for several months is called. A) dysthymia B) bipolar disorder C) hypomania D) major depressive disorder 50. Disorders characterized by disturbances in a person's emotional state are known as disorders. A) dissociative B) conversion C) mood D) somatoform 51. The most common mood disorder is. A) bipolar disorder B) mania C) depression D) amnesia 52. A disorder involving mild to moderate, and highly persistent sadness (and related symptoms that may linger with little relief for up to two years) is called. A) minor depressive episode B) cyclothymia C) major depressive episode D) dysthymia 5

6 53. Depression, mania, and bipolar disorder are all examples of disorders. A) mood B) somatoform C) psychotic D) neurotic 54. Depression is as common in women than in men. A) four to five times B) one-third to one-half C) two to three times D) just 55. In young children, may be manifested as a failure to thrive or gain weight, or as a delay in speech or motor development. A) schizophrenia B) an adjustment disorder C) personality disorder D) depression 56. In school-age children, may be manifested as antisocial behavior, excessive worrying, sleep disturbances, or unwarranted fatigue. A) schizophrenia B) depression C) an adjustment disorder D) personality disorder 57. In the United States, the suicide rate is among Whites than among minorities. A) slightly lower B) slightly higher C) much lower D) much higher 58. Which of the following is a true statement? A) Men are more likely than women to attempt suicide and more men succeed at it. B) Women are more likely to attempt suicide, but men are more likely to succeed at it. C) Women are more likely than men to attempt suicide and more women succeed at it. D) Men are more likely to attempt suicide, but women are more likely to succeed at it. 59. Men are more likely than women to succeed in a suicide attempt because men. A) plan their attempts more thoroughly than women do B) use more lethal means, such as guns C) take suicide attempts more seriously than women do D) do not tell anyone about their suicidal intentions, whereas women tell their friends, who often either talk them out of it or rescue them when the attempt is made 60. Which of the following people is most likely to commit suicide? A) an elderly male B) an adolescent female C) an elderly female D) an adolescent male 61. Which of the following people is MOST likely to commit suicide? A) an elderly African-American male B) an adolescent African-American male C) an elderly white male D) an adolescent white male 62. Adolescents account for percent of the suicide attempts in the United States. A) 22 B) 2 C) 32 D) Which of the following is a true statement? A) The person who talks about committing suicide will never do it. B) Those who commit suicide tend to have been failures in life. C) A person who has attempted suicide but failed is not serious about suicide. D) People considering suicide usually mention their intentions beforehand. 6

7 64. People considering suicide are usually MOST overwhelmed with. A) apathy B) bitterness C) anger D) hopelessness 65. Compared to other countries, the suicide rate in the United States is. A) above average B) about average C) the highest in the world D) below average 66. Charlie has had excessive mood swings since he was a child. At times, he hates himself and feels he is a failure. Other times, he is euphoric and feels he can do whatever he sets his mind to. This behavior is typical of a(n) disorder. A) somatoform B) obsessive-compulsive C) schizophrenic D) bipolar 67. Bipolar disorder is common than depression and has a biological component than depression. A) less; stronger B) more; weaker C) more; stronger D) less; weaker 68. Bipolar disorder is found. A) more commonly in women than in men B) equally in men and women C) only in women D) more commonly in men than in women 69. Bipolar disorder is most often treated with. A) drugs B) behavioral therapy C) psychoanalysis D) biofeedback and relaxation training 70. There is consistent evidence that genetic factors play role in the development of depression and in the development of bipolar disorder. A) a consistent, but minor B) only an occasional minor C) an important D) no 71. Depression and mania have been linked to. A) motor cortex malfunctions B) hormonal imbalance C) neurotransmitter imbalances D) lymph node disorders 72. A disorder in which people are sometimes inappropriately excited, hyperactive with unlimited hopes and dreams, and are sometimes aggressive, hostile, and violent is. A) dysthymia B) mania C) conversion disorder D) bipolar disorder 73. The opposite of depression is. A) mania B) anxiety C) neurosis D) fugue 74. A mood disorder that includes both depression and mania is known as disorder. A) dual process B) bipolar C) obsessive-compulsive D) histrionic 75. Depressed people tend to evoke in others. A) depression B) apathy C) sympathy D) anxiety 7

8 76. Illogical and maladaptive responses to early negative life events leading to feelings of incompetence and unworthiness that are reactivated whenever a new situation arises that resembles the original events are called. A) codependency tendencies B) handicapping strategies C) irrational beliefs D) cognitive distortions 77. An athlete who blames herself for her team's loss, even though the whole team played badly, or a man who hasn't had a traffic accident in 20 years who still thinks he is a bad driver because of a dent he put in his car 21 years ago, are engaging in. A) handicapping strategies B) codependency tendencies C) irrational beliefs D) cognitive distortions 78. A famous theorist argues that depression often results from and is maintained by cognitive distortions that lead to feelings of worthlessness and incompetence. This view is most similar to that of. A) Freud B) Beck C) Maslow D) Skinner 79. Beck's theories have focused on the importance of in the development of depression. A) cognitive distortions B) genetic factors C) unconscious conflicts D) social factors 80. The social factor most closely linked with depression is. A) difficulties in interpersonal relationships B) lack of empathy for others C) living alone D) hopelessness 81. Arlene has an intense, irrational fear of flying in airplanes. She is probably suffering from a disorder. A) phobic B) generalized anxiety C) conversion D) panic 82. As a child, Norm was hit in the face while playing baseball. Ever since then, he has been afraid to play games that involve balls of any sort. Norm's behavior probably results from a(n) disorder. A) schizophrenic B) phobic C) affective D) dissociative 83. Estimates indicate that about in 10 people in the United States suffer from at least one specific phobia. A) 4 B) 1 C) 3 D) An anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, inappropriate fears connected with public situations or performances in front of other people is. A) a specific phobia B) a social phobia C) agoraphobia D) generalized anxiety disorder 85. Feeling fearful but not knowing why is characteristic of. A) amnesia B) dissociative neurosis C) phobias D) anxiety disorders 86. A recent national survey found that disorders are more common than any other form of mental disorder. A) anxiety B) personality C) psychotic D) mood 8

9 87. An intense, paralyzing fear of a specific situation, object, person, or thing in the absence of any real danger is. A) agoraphobia B) a general phobia C) a social phobia D) a specific phobia 88. Each of the following is a diagnostic category of phobia EXCEPT. A) specific phobia B) agoraphobia C) generalized phobia D) social phobia 89. A sudden, unpredictable feeling of intense terror, with no immediately observable cause is a(n). A) compulsion B) panic attack C) affective disorder D) phobia 90. Harry has an intense, irrational fear of being in public places. He is probably suffering from. A) agoraphobia B) learned helplessness C) paranoia D) conversion reaction 91. disorder comes closest to the everyday meaning attached to the word neurotic. A) Panic B) phobic C) Obsessive-compulsive D) Generalized anxiety 92. Leo is unable to relax. He feels constantly keyed up and restless. His muscles are chronically tense, he is hypervigilant and apprehensive about the future, he often feels his heart pounding and he has trouble sleeping. His symptoms sound most like disorder. A) panic B) a dissociative C) conversion D) generalized anxiety 93. Anxiety disorders tend to. A) run in families B) appear randomly at any age C) disappear on their own over time D) be relatively rare 94. Most psychoanalytic theorists believe that anxiety disorders are the result of. A) primary drives B) learned helplessness C) unconscious conflict D) lack of reinforcement 95. Psychoanalysts believe that phobias result from. A) depression B) aggression C) displacement D) punishment 96. Involuntary ideas that keep recurring despite the person's efforts to stop them are called. A) obsessions B) compulsions C) impulses D) panic attacks 97. A repetitive, ritualistic behavior that a person feels driven to perform is called a(n). A) delusion B) compulsion C) impulse D) obsession 98. Whenever Nancy finds herself in an anxiety-evoking situation, she calms herself by engaging in elaborate superstitious behaviors that have no logical purpose. Nancy's behavior is typical of a(n) disorder. A) phobic B) affective C) obsessive-compulsive D) personality 9

10 99. A severe anxiety reaction that takes place immediately, or very soon, after an extremely stressful event is known as disorder. A) generalized anxiety B) acute stress 100. A severe anxiety reaction that takes place long after an extremely stressful event is most likely to be disorder. A) panic B) generalized anxiety C) acute stress D) posttraumatic stress 101. If patients report blindness, deafness, paralysis, or seizures, but physicians cannot find any evidence of a physical problem or cause, they are likely to suspect a disorder. A) compulsive B) schizophrenic C) conversion D) personality 102. Each of the following is a somatoform disorder EXCEPT. A) conversion disorder B) hypochondriasis C) body dysmorphic disorder D) panic disorder 103. Disorders in which there is real physical illness that is largely caused by psychological factors such as stress or anxiety are called disorders. A) somatoform B) psychosomatic C) conversion D) organic 104. A tension headache is generally thought to be the perfect example of a(n) disorder. A) somatoform B) organic C) conversion D) psychosomatic 105. Today, modern medicine leans toward the idea that physical ailments are to some extent psychosomatic. A) all B) no C) most D) very few 106. The difference between somatoform and psychosomatic disorders is that people with. A) psychosomatic disorders are really physically ill while people with somatoform disorders are not B) somatoform disorders usually suffer permanent physical impairment 107. disorders involve physical symptoms of serious bodily disorder with no evidence of organic causes. A) Somatoform B) Anxiety C) Dissociative D) Affective 108. If patients report vague, recurring physical symptoms for which they have repeatedly sought medical attention but no organic cause has been found, physicians are likely to suspect a disorder. A) dysmorphic B) psychosomatic C) conversion D) somatization 109. Conversion disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hypochondriasis are all disorders. A) psychosomatic B) dissociative C) somatoform D) anxiety 110. A somatoform disorder in which a person interprets insignificant symptoms as signs of serious illness in the absence of any organic evidence of such an illness is called. A) a conversion disorder B) somatization disorder C) body dysmorphic disorder D) hypochondriasis 10

11 111. People with disorders develop inflexible and maladaptive ways of thinking and acting that are so exaggerated and rigid that they cause serious distress and social problems. A) personality B) schizophrenic C) somatoform D) affective 112. The personality is that of a loner who seems withdrawn, unfeeling, and distant. A) narcissistic B) paranoid C) antisocial D) schizoid 113. A personality disorder in which the person's fear of rejection by others leads to social isolation is personality disorder. A) paranoid B) histrionic C) avoidant D) borderline 114. The difference between people with schizoid personality disorder and people with avoidant personality disorder is that people with. A) avoidant personality disorder want to have close relationships with others B) schizoid personality disorder are not loners or isolated 115. The personality displays nearly total self-absorption, grandiose self-importance, and a need for constant attention and admiration. A) inadequate B) histrionic C) borderline D) narcissistic 116. A personality disorder characterized by marked instability in self-image, mood, and interpersonal relationships is personality disorder. A) narcissistic B) borderline C) histrionic D) antisocial 117. John is a pathological liar. He takes things from others, takes advantage of them and never exhibits any remorse after he is done. John has personality disorder. A) narcissistic B) paranoid C) borderline D) antisocial 118. Approximately percent of American men suffer from antisocial personality disorder. A) 3 B) 7 C) 1 D) Research indicates that with many antisocial personalities, their nervous systems are responsive to stress and they are likely to engage in thrill-seeking behaviors. A) less; more B) more; less C) more; more D) less; less 120. schizophrenia refers to people with several symptoms that are characteristic of schizophrenia, but with no symptoms typical of a particular subtype. A) Disorganized B) Catatonic C) Unorthodox D) Undifferentiated 121. If an identical twin becomes schizophrenic, there is about a percent chance that the other twin will also become schizophrenic. A) 50 B) 90 C) 70 D) disorders are marked by disordered communication and thoughts, inappropriate emotions, and bizarre behaviors. A) Substance abuse B) Somatoform C) Schizophrenic D) Psychosexual 11

12 123. The psychological term for someone who is mentally disturbed to the point of not being in contact with reality and not being legally responsible for his or her actions is. A) neurotic B) psychopathic C) psychotic D) insanity 124. False sensory perceptions that often take the form of hearing voices are called. A) hallucinations B) compulsions C) delusions D) obsessions 125. False beliefs about reality with no factual basis are known as. A) hallucinations B) compulsions C) obsessions D) delusions 126. The delusions schizophrenic individuals experience are usually. A) work-related B) romantic or sexual C) paranoid D) grandiose 127. While doing volunteer work in a mental hospital, Mary is put on a ward for adults with severe mental disorders. One patient is very childish, laughing constantly, endlessly dancing around the room, and making bizarre gestures and facial expressions without reason. The doctors tell Mary that this patient suffers from schizophrenia. A) residual B) disorganized C) paranoid D) undifferentiated 128. The primary feature of schizophrenia is severe disturbance of motor activity. A) catatonic B) disorganized 129. Research suggests that a biological vulnerability to schizophrenia may lie in problems with the neurotransmitter. A) vasopressin B) dopamine C) thyroxin D) epinephrine 130. In children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, there appear to be problems in the ability of the lobe to properly regulate behavior. A) occipital B) parietal C) frontal D) temporal 131. Asperger syndrome is a type of. A) echolalia B) conduct disorder C) autism spectrum disorder D) attention deficit disorder 132. High functioning children with Asperger syndrome typically have with speech or intellectual development, and have interacting with other people. A) difficulty; difficulty B) no difficulty; no difficulty C) no difficulty; difficulty D) difficulty; no difficulty 133. Currently, the cause of autism is thought to be. A) biological and/or genetic abnormalities B) arrested emotional development 134. Echolalia is a speech pattern in which people. A) stutter repeatedly when they get nervous or anxious B) repeat words that are said to them 12

13 Answer Key Testname: CH 12 BIG REVIEW BACKUP 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. D 35. A 36. C 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. A 41. C 42. A 43. A 44. C 45. D 46. B 47. B 48. B 49. D 50. C 51. C 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. D 56. B 57. D 58. B 59. B 60. A 61. C 62. D 63. D 64. D 65. D 66. D 67. A 68. B 69. A 70. C 71. C 72. B 73. A 74. B 75. D 76. D 77. D 78. B 79. A 80. A 81. A 82. B 83. B 84. B 85. D 86. A 87. D 88. C 89. B 90. A 91. D 92. D 93. A 94. C 95. C 96. A 97. B 98. C 99. B 100. D 101. C 102. D 103. B 104. D 105. A 106. A 107. A 108. D 109. C 110. D 111. A 112. D 113. C 114. A 115. D 116. B 117. D 118. A 119. A 120. D 121. A 122. C 123. C 124. A 125. D 126. C 127. B 128. A 129. B 130. C 131. C 132. C 133. A 134. B 1

14 Chapter 12 AP PSYCHOLOGY BIG CRAZY Packet REVIEW Name p Perspectives on Psychological disorders questions 1-45 p Mood disorders questions p Anxiety disorders p Psychosomatic and Somatoform disorders p Dissociative disorders p Personality disorders p Schizophrenic disorders p Childhood disorders p cultural differences and psychological disorders