Abnormal Psychology. A harmful dysfunc/on in which behavior is judged to be atypical, deviant, distressful, and disfunc/onal.

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1 Abnormal Psychology A.K.A. Psychological Disorders A harmful dysfunc/on in which behavior is judged to be atypical, deviant, distressful, and disfunc/onal.

2 Early Theories Abnormal behavior was evil spirits trying to get out. Trephining was o>en used.

3 Perspec/ves and Disorders Psychological School/Perspec1ve Psychoanaly/c/Psychodynamic Humanis/c Cause of the Disorder Internal, unconscious drives Failure to strive to one s poten/al or being out of touch with one s feelings. Behavioral Reinforcement history, the environment. Cogni/ve Sociocultural Biomedical/Neuroscience Irra/onal, dysfunc/onal thoughts or ways of thinking. Dysfunc/onal Society Organic problems, biochemical imbalances, gene/c predisposi/ons.

4 DSM IV Diagnos1c Sta1s1cal Manual of Mental Disorders: the big book of disorders. DSM will classify disorders and describe the symptoms. DSM will NOT explain the causes or possible cures.

5 Two Major Classifica/ons in the DSM Neuro1c Disorders Distressing but one can s/ll func/on in society and act ra/onally. Psycho1c Disorders Person loses contact with reality, experiences distorted percep/ons. John Wayne Gacy

6 a group of condi/ons where the primary symptoms are anxiety or defenses against anxiety. the pa/ent fears something awful will happen to them. They are in a state of intense apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty, or fear. Anxiety Disorders

7 Phobias A person experiences sudden episodes of intense dread. Must be an irra/onal fear. Phobia List Agoraphobia

8 Top 10 Fears Women snakes Tied up Buried alive Heights Public speaking Men Buried alive Heights Snakes Drowning Public speaking

Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD An anxiety disorder in which a person is con/nuously tense, apprehensive and in a state of autonomic nervous system

9 Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD An anxiety disorder in which a person is con/nuously tense, apprehensive and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. The pa/ent is constantly tense and worried, feels inadequate, is oversensi/ve, can t concentrate and suffers from insomnia. Anxiety in Children

10 Panic Disorder An anxiety disorder marked by a minutes- long episode of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking and other frightening sensa/ons. Video

Obsessive- compulsive disorder Persistent

Obsession about dirt and germs may lead to

11 Obsessive- compulsive disorder Persistent unwanted thoughts (obsessions) cause someone to feel the need (compulsion) to engage in a par/cular ac/on. Obsession about dirt and germs may lead to compulsive hand washing. OCD video As OCD as it gets Stuck in a Doorway

12 Post- trauma/c Stress Disorder Flashbacks or nightmares following a person s involvement in or observa/on of an extremely stressful event. Memories of the even cause anxiety. PTSD video a.k.a. PTSD

13 Somatoform Disorders Occur when a person manifests a psychological problem through a physiological symptom. Two types

They usually believe that the minor issues (headache,

14 Has frequent physical complaints for which medical doctors are unable to locate the cause. They usually believe that the minor issues (headache, upset stomach) are indica/ve are more severe illnesses. Hypochondriasis

15 Conversion Disorder Report the existence of severe physical problems with no biological reason. Like blindness or paralysis. Band of Brothers example Leroy, NY example Leroy, NY example analysis Pol Pot

16 Dissocia/ve Disorders These disorders involve a disrup/on in the conscious process. Three types.

17 Psychogenic Amnesia A person cannot remember things with no physiological basis for the disrup/on in memory. Retrograde Amnesia NOT organic amnesia. Organic amnesia can be retrograde or antrograde.

18 People with psychogenic amnesia that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment. David Fitzpatrick from London Edward Lighthart from Sea_le Dissocia/ve Fugue

19 Dissocia/ve Iden/ty Disorder Used to be known as Mul/ple Personality Disorder. A person has several rather than one integrated personality. People with DID commonly have a history of childhood abuse or trauma. Herschel Walker

20 Mood Disorders Experience extreme or inappropriate emo/on.

21 Major Depression A.K.A. unipolar depression Unhappy for at least two weeks with no apparent cause. Depression is the common cold of psychological disorders. Explanatory Style Stable/Unstable Global/Specific Internal/External

22 Seasonal Affec/ve Disorder Experience depression during the winter months. Based not on temperature, but on amount of sunlight. Treated with light therapy.

23 Bipolar Disorder Formally manic depression. Involves periods of depression and manic episodes. Manic episodes involve feelings of high energy (but they tend to differ a lot some get confident and some get irritable). Engage in risky behavior during the manic episode. Video

24 Personality Disorders Well- established, maladap/ve ways of behaving that nega/vely affect people s ability to func/on. Dominates their personality.

25 An/social Personality Disorder Lack of empathy. Li_le regard for other s feelings. View the world as hos/le and look out for themselves. Ex: The Joker Psychopaths usually have no guilt or remorse and tend to be self- centered. However, the term itself is not listed in the (DSM) so it technically isn't considered a mental health disorder. Psychopathy does tend to be closely related to an/social personality disorder, which is a listed condi/on.

26 Dependent Personality Disorder Rely too much on the a_en/on and help of others. People with this disorder do not trust their own ability to make decisions. They may be very upset by separa/on and loss. They may go to great lengths, even suffering abuse, to stay in a rela/onship

27 Borderline Personality Disorder o>en have difficul/es controlling emo/ons and impulses find it hard to keep rela/onships experience feelings of emp/ness suffer quick changes in mood may harm themselves Problems coping with abandonment and a rapidly changing view of other people can form part of their difficul/es find it hard to engage in or s/ck with treatment and leave before the end Overview

28 Histrionic Personality Disorder Needs to be the center of a_en/on. Whether ac/ng silly or dressing provoca/vely.

29 Narcissis/c Personality Disorder Having an unwarranted sense of self- importance. Thinking that you are the center of the universe.

30 Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder Overly concerned with certain thoughts and performing certain behaviors. Not as extreme as OCD anxiety.

31 Schizophrenic Disorders About 1 in every 100 people are diagnosed with schizophrenia. Symptoms of Schizophrenia 1. Disorganized thinking. 2. Disturbed Percep/ons 3. Inappropriate Emo/ons and Ac/ons Schizophrenia Overview

32 Disorganized Thinking The thinking of a person with Schizophrenia is fragmented and bizarre and distorted with false beliefs. Disorganized thinking comes from a breakdown in selec/ve a_en/on.- they cannot filter out informa/on. Schizophrenic Alice

33 Delusions (false beliefs) Delusions of Persecu1on Delusions of Grandeur

34 Disturbed Percep1ons hallucina1ons- sensory experiences without sensory s/mula/on.

35 Inappropriate Emo1ons and Ac1ons Laugh at inappropriate /mes. Flat Effect Senseless, compulsive acts. Catatonia- mo/onless Waxy Flexibility

36 Posi4ve v. Nega4ve Symptoms Posi1ve Symptoms Presence of inappropriate symptoms Nega1ve Symptoms Absence of appropriate ones.

37 Types of Schizophrenia

38 Disorganized Schizophrenia disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emo/on. Clang associa/ons "Imagine the worst Systema/c, sympathe/c Quite pathe/c, apologe/c, paramedic Your heart is prosthe/c"

39 Paranoid Schizophrenia preoccupa/on with delusions or hallucina/ons. Somebody is out to get me!!!!

40 Catatonic Schizophrenia Flat effect Waxy Flexibility parrot like repea/ng of another s speech and movements

41 Undifferen/ated Schizophrenia Many and varied Symptoms.

42 Other Disorders Paraphilias (pedophilia, zoophilia, hybristophilia) Fe/shism sadist, masochist Ea/ng Disorders Substance use disorders ADHD

43 The Rosenhan Study Rosenhan s associates were Malingering symptoms of hearing voices. They were ALL admi_ed for schizophrenia. None were exposed as imposters. They all le> diagnosed with schizophrenia in remission. What are some of the ques/ons raised by this study?

Abnormal Psychology. A.K.A. Psychological Disorders

Abnormal Psychology. A.K.A. Psychological Disorders Abnormal Psychology A.K.A. Psychological Disorders A harmful dysfunction in which behavior is judged to be atypical, disturbing, maladaptive and unjustifiable. Early Theories Abnormal behavior was evil