Supporting Information

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1 Supporting Information Ag/AgFeO 2 : an Outstanding Magnetically Responsive Photocatalyst for HeLa Cell Eradication Xui-Fang Chuah, a,c Kuan-Ting Lee, a Yu-Chieh Cheng, a Poh-Foong Lee,* b Shih-Yuan Lu,* a a Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC). b Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. c Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Figure S1: Histogram of sizes of Ag/AgFeO 2 nanocrystals determined from TEM images. S1

2 Figure S2: Differences between un-stained living cells and trypan blue stained dead cells under inverted microscope. S2

3 Figure S3: Cell viability versus treatment time at three treatment stages for (A) Experiment 1, (B) Experiment 2, (C) Experiment 3 with 20 µg/ml of Ag/AgFeO 2, (D) Experiment 3 with 40 µg/ml of Ag/AgFeO 2, and (E) Experiment 3 with 60 µg/ml of Ag/AgFeO 2. Red for before treatment, blue for after treatment, and green for 24 hour regrowth after treatment. S3

4 Figure S4: Microscopic images of HeLa cells with confluency (A) much less and (B) slight greater than 95%. S4

5 Figure S5: Morphology of HeLa cells (A) before treatment, (B) after treatment, and (C) 24 hours regrowth after treatment, with UV exposure time of 30 minutes. (Experiment 1) Table S1: Experimental parameters for Ag/AgFeO 2 treatments on HeLa cells Experiment Light Irradiation Concentration of Photocatalyst (µg/ml) Treatment Time (min) 1 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, , 10, 15, 20, 25, , 10, 15, 20, 25, , 10, 15, 20, 25, , 10, 15, 20, 25, , 10, 15, 20, 25, , 10, 15, 20, 25, , 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 S5 Table S2: Comparison of HeLa cell eradication efficiency, present work vs. literature. Catalyst Light Source Catalyst Concentration (µg/ml) Treatment time (min) Reduction (%) Reference Ag/AgFeO 2 UV transilluminator This work Pt/TiO 2 UV lamp [S1] Cu/TiO 2 Xenon lamp - (100 µl in 5 ml MEM [S2] solution) Ag/TiO 2 Xenon lamp - (20 µl in 5 ml [S3] MEM solution) Ag/AgBr/TiO2 Halogen lamp [S4] GO/TiO 2 Visible light [S5] N-doped-TiO 2 Xenon lamp [S6] Ag/Fe-doped-TiO 2 Xenon lamp [S7] Fe-doped-TiO 2 Xenon lamp [S7] Au/PVP Femtosecond laser [S8] TiO 2 /PEDGA NIR laser 447, [S9] DNA-encapsulated Ag/AgCl Xenon lamp [S10]

6 UCNPs/GO/ZnPc 630 nm laser [S11] GO-FA-ZnO Xenon lamp [S12] TiO 2 (B)/anatase nanofibers UV lamp [S13] Graphene Xenon lamp [S14] TiO 2 Xenon lamp [S15] Fe-doped TiO 2 In-house built lamp with [S16] LED diodes La-doped ZnO Xenon lamp [S17] Supporting Information References [S1] Liu, L.; Miao, P.; Xu, Y.; Tian, Z.; Zou, Z.; Li, G. Study of Pt/TiO 2 nanocomposite for cancercell treatment. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B. 2010, 98, [S2] Abdulla-Al-Mamun, M.; Kusumoto, Y.; Ahmmad, B.; Shariful Islam, M. Photocatalytic cancer (Hela) cell-killing enhanced with Cu TiO 2 nanocomposite. Top. Catal. 2010, 53, [S3] Abdulla-Al-Mamun, M.; Kusumoto, Y.; Zannat, T.; Islam, M. Synergistic cell-killing by photocatalytic and plasmonic photothermal effects of Ag@TiO 2 core shell composite nanoclusters against human epithelial carcinoma (Hela) cells. Appl. Cat. A. Gen. 2011, 398, [S4] Hu, Z.; Huang, Y.; Sun, S.; Guan, W.; Yao, Y.; Tang, P.; Li, C. Visible light driven photodynamic anticancer activity of graphene oxide/tio 2 hybrid. Carbon 2012, 50, [S5] Seo, J.; Jeon, W.; Dembereldorj, U.; Lee, S.; Joo, S. Cytotoxicity of serum protein-adsorbed visible-light photocatalytic Ag/AgBr/TiO 2 nanoparticles. J. Hazard. Mater. 2011, 198, [S6] Li, Z.; Mi, L.; Wang, P.; Chen, J. Study on the Visible-light-induced photokilling effect of Nitrogen-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles on cancer cells. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 2011, 6, [S7] Abdulla-Al-Mamun, M.; Kusumoto, Y.; Islam, M. Enhanced photocatalytic cytotoxic activity of Ag@Fe-doped TiO 2 nanocomposites against human epithelial carcinoma cells. J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, [S8] Zhao, T.; Shen, X.; Li, L.; Guan, Z.; Gao, N.; Yuan, P.; Yao, S.; Xu, Q.; Xu, G. Gold nanorods as dual photo-sensitizing and imaging agents for two-photon photodynamic therapy. Nanoscale 2012, 4, [S9] Zhang, H.; Shi, R.; Xie, A.; Li, J.; Chen, L.; Chen, P.; Li, S.; Huang, F.; Shen, Y. Novel TiO 2 /PEGDA hybrid hydrogel prepared in situ on tumor cells for effective photodynamic therapy. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2013, 5, S6

7 [S10] Wang, G.; Mitomo, H.; Matsuo, Y.; Shimamoto, N.; Niikura, K.; Ijiro, K. DNA-templated plasmonic Ag/AgCl nanostructures for molecular selective photocatalysis and photocatalytic inactivation of cancer cells. J. Mater. Chem. B. 2013, 1, [S11] Wang, Y.; Wang, H.; Liu, D.; Song, S.; Wang, X.; Zhang, H. Graphene oxide covalently grafted upconversion nanoparticles for combined NIR mediated imaging and photothermal/photodynamic cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2013, 34, [S12] Hu, Z.; Li, J.; Li, C.; Zhao, S.; Li, N.; Wang, Y.; Wei, F.; Chen, L.; Huang, Y. Folic acidconjugated graphene-zno nanohybrid for targeting photodynamic therapy under visible light irradiation. J. Mater. Chem. B. 2013, 1, [S13] Zhang, S.; Yang, D.; Jing, D.; Liu, H.; Liu, L.; Jia, Y.; Gao, M.; Guo, L.; Huo, Z. Photodynamic therapy of mixed phase TiO 2 (B)/anatase nanofibers for killing of Hela cells. Nano Research 2014, 7, [S14] Ge, J.; Lan, M.; Zhou, B.; Liu, W.; Guo, L.; Wang, H.; Jia, Q.; Niu, G.; Huang, X.; Zhou, H. et al. A graphene quantum dot photodynamic therapy agent with high singlet oxygen generation. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, [S15] Lee, J.; Lee, Y.; Choi, J.; Park, K.; Chang, K.; Yoon, M. Hydrothermal synthesis of defective TiO 2 nanoparticles for long-wavelength visible light-photocatalytic killing of cancer cells. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, [S16] Flak, D.; Coy, E.; Nowaczyk, G.; Yate, L.; Jurga, S. Tuning the photodynamic efficiency of TiO 2 nanotubes against Hela cancer cells by Fe-doping. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, [S17] Shakir, M.; Faraz, M.; Sherwani, M.; Al-Resayes, S. Photocatalytic degradation of the paracetamol drug using lanthanum doped ZnO nanoparticles and their in-vitro cytotoxicity assay. J. Lumin. 2016, 176, S7