Proučavanje histogeneze enterohromafinolikih karcinoida u autoimunskom atrofijskom gastritisu udruženim sa pernicioznom anemijom
|
|
- Flora Wilcox
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Volumen 64, Broj 8 VOJNOSANITETSKI PREGLED Strana 543 ORIGINALNI Č LANAK UDC: ]: Proučavanje histogeneze enterohromafinolikih karcinoida u autoimunskom atrofijskom gastritisu udruženim sa pernicioznom anemijom Study on histogenesis of enterochromaffin-like carcinoid in autoimmune atrophic gastritis associated with pernicious anemia Lana Mačukanović-Golubović*, Vuka Katić, Gorana Rančić, Mladen Milenović*, Goran Marjanović*, Zoran Golubović* Medicinski fakultet, *Klinika za hematologiju, Institut za patologiju, Institut za histologiju sa embriologijom, Niš Apstrakt Uvod/Cilj. Autoimunski atrofijski gastritis korpusne sluznice (Agastritis) dovodi do perniciozne anemije (PA) i promena u epitelnim i endokrinim ćelijama sluznice želuca. Najvažnije komplikacije su: ahlorhidrija, hipergastrinemija, želudačni karcinom i karcinoidni tumori porekla enterohromafinolikih ( ECL) endokrinih ćelija. Cilj rada bio je citohemijsko i imunocitohemijsko proučavanje histogeneze ECL karcinoida u autoimunskom atrofijskom gastritisu udruženim sa pernicioznom anemijom. Metode. Ispitivanje je obuhvatilo 65 bolesnika sa PA i 30 bolesnika kontrolne grupe u periodu godine. Patohistološka proučavanja vršena su na endoskopskim biopsijama sluznice želuca (po četiri iz korpusa i antruma želuca) fiksiranim u 10% rastvoru formaldehida. Parafinski preseci debljine 4 μm bojeni su sledećim metodama: klasičnom hematoksilin-eozin (HE), histohemijskom AB-PAS (ph 2,5), citohemijskom argirofilnom metodom po Sevier-Mungeru za otkrivanje ECL ćelija i imunocitohemijskom PAP tehnikom za otkrivanje G ćelija u antrumu želuca i antitela na hromogranin A specifični marker za neuroendokrine ECL ćelije. G i ECL ćelije kvantifikovane su na 20 vidnih polja, površine od 0, mm 2 po jednom vidnom polju. U serumu bolesnika određivane su bazalne vrednosti gastrina radioimmunoassay (RIA) metodom. Dobijeni rezultati su statistički obrađivani Studentovim t testom. Rezultati. Ustanovljena je hiperplazija gastrinskih ćelija u antrumu želuca i ECL ćelija u korpusu želuca bolesnika sa PA koja je bila različite forme od proste, linearne, mikronodusne, do slike intramukoznog ECL karcinoida. Prosečan broj G ćelija bio je statistički značajno viši u grupi sa PA u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu (p < 0,05), kao i prosečan broj ECL ćelija (p < 0,001). Zaključak. Hipergastrinemija indukuje hiperplaziju ECL ćelija i nastajanje korpusnih ECL karcinoida, a njihova histogeneza ide preko proste, linearne i adenomatoidne hiperplazije. Ključne reči: gastritis, atrofijski; anemija, perniciozna; autoimunske bolesti; karcinoid; enterohromafine ćelije; histološke tehnike. Abstract Background/Aim. Autoimmune atrophic fundic gastritis induces the pernicious anemia (PA), as well as the changes in both epithelium and endocrine cells of gastric mucosa. The most important complications are: achlorhydria, hypergastrinemia, gastric cancer and enterochromaffin-like ( ECL) carcinoid.the aim of this study was to examine ECL carcinoid histogenesis in A-gastritis associated with PA. Methods. During the period from , 65 patients with PA and 30 patients of the control group were examined. Histopathological examination was done in endoscopical biopsies of gastric mucosa fixed in 10% formaldehyde. Paraffin sections were stained with classic hematoxylin-eosin (HE); histochemical AB-PAS (ph 2.5), cytochemical argyrophilic Servier-Munger s and immunocytochemical PAP methods for G cell identification and chromogranin A antibodies - specific marker for neuroendocrine ECL cells. Both G and ECL cells were counted per 20 fields, of surface mm 2 by a field. Basal gastrin serum levels were also examined by using radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. The obtained results were statisticaly calculated by using Student s t test. Results. Marked antral G cell hyperplasia associated with corporal ECL hyperplasia was found. ECL cell hyperplasia was of simplex, linear, adenomatoid type to the pattern of intramucous ECL cell carcinoid. An average number of G cells was statistically significant in the patients with PA as compared to the control group (p < 0.05) as well as an average number of ECL cells. Conclusion. We concluded that antral G cell hyperplasia accompanied by gastrinemia induces ECL hyperplasia and ECL corporal carcinoid in A-gastritis and that their histogenesis develops trough simple, linear and adenomatoide hyperplasia. Key words: gastritis, atrophic; anemia, pernicious; autoimmune diseases; carcinoid tumor; enterochromaffin cells; histological techniques. Correspondence to: Lana Mačukanović-Golubović, Medicinski fakultet, Klinika za hematologiju, Bulevar Zorana Đinđića 48, Niš, Srbija. Tel.: golubovicz@bankerinter.net
2 Strana 544 VOJNOSANITETSKI PREGLED Volumen 64, Broj 8 Uvod Enterohromafinolike (ECL) neuroendokrine ćelije najbrojnije su endokrine ćelije u korpusnoj sluznici želuca. Spadaju u grupu argirofilnih ćelija jer se intenzivno boje argirofilnim metodama tipa Grimeliusa i Sevier-Mungera 1 3. Po veličini su manje od G ćelija, nepravilnog su oblika, malobrojne u vratnoj regiji žlezda, odsutne u foveolama i pokrovnom epitelu, a najgušće u donjoj trećini sluznice želuca 1 3. Naziv ECL potiče od Hakansona i Owmana koji su, pored izuzetno retkih EC ćelija u sluznici korpusnog segmenta želuca, zapazili brojne enterohromafine ćelije koje ne sadrže serotonin i kateholamine, ali sa sposobnošću da ih sintetišu, ukoliko im se ubrizgaju prekursori tipa 5-hidroksitriptofana ili L-dope 3. Ćelije ECL su zatvorenog tipa, tj. ne kontaktiraju sa žlezdanim lumenom, već su pokrivene pretežno glavnim, a u manjoj meri i parijetalnim ćelijama 3. S obzirom da su ECL ćelije u prisnom kontaktu sa bazalnom membranom žlezda oko kojih se nalaze nervni završeci i kapilari, pretpostavlja se da je njihova aktivnost stimulisana impulsima iz ovih struktura 4. Funkcija ECL ćelija nedovoljno je poznata, kao i peptida koji je deponovan u njihovim intenzivno argirofilnim granulama. Poslednjih godina ističe se sinteza i sekrecija histamina i u ECL ćelijama ljudi, pankreastatina, a verovatno i drugih još uvek neotkrivenih peptida i faktora rasta 1, 5. Na sintezu i sekreciju histamina utiču gastrin, acetilholin i ciklaza-aktivišući peptid iz hipofize 1. Hiperplazija ECL ćelija, ređe karcinoidni tumori, saopšteni su kod bolesnika sa pernicioznom anemijom (PA) i hipergastrinemijom. Sinhrona hiperplazija antralnih G ćelija i korpusnih ECL ćelija objašnjena je njihovom povećanom funkcijom, pre svega u sintezi i sekreciji histamina, a kao posledica povećane aktivnosti histidin-dekarboksilaze od strane povišenih nivoa gastrina u serumu 1, 4. Cilj ovog rada bio je citohemijsko i imunocitohemijsko proučavanje histogeneze ECL karcinoida u autoimunskom atrofijskom gastritisu udruženim sa PA. Metode Bolesnici sa autoimunskim atrofijskim gastritisom i PA (n = 65), ispitivani su u Klinici za hematologiju u periodu godine. Kontrolnu grupu činilo je 30 bolesnika sa dispepsijskim sindromom i normalnim patohistološkim nalazom želudačne sluznice. Bolesnici sa PA imali su A-gastritis gradus III (korpusne žlezde difuzno su zamenjene intestinalnom metaplazijom). Kod svih bolesnika rađen je endoskopski pregled, uz istovremeno uzimanje biopsija antralnog i korpusnog segmenta želuca, po četiri iz svake regije. Fiksacija je obavljena u 10% rastvoru formaldehida u trajanju od 12 h. Nakon obrade u autotehnikonu dobijeni su parafinski kalupi. Laboratorijski preseci, debljine 4 μm, deparafinisani su, dovedeni do vode i bojeni sledećim metodama: klasična hematoksilin-eozin (HE) za patohistološko ispitivanje sluznice želuca i verifikaciju intestinalne metaplazije, histohemijska Alcian Blue Periodic Acid Schiff (AB-PAS) za ispitivanje tipa mucina; citohemijska argirofilna metoda po Sevier-Mungeru, za otkrivanje ECL endokrinih ćelija, imunocitohemijska Peroxidaseantiperoxidase complex (PAP) tehnikom, uz korišćenje anti-gastrinskog antitela u razblaženju 1 : 100 (Dakopat, Kopenhagen) za otkrivanje G ćelija u antrumu želuca i antitela na hromogranin A (razblaženje 1 : 50), markera za neuroendokrine ECL ćelije. Neuroendokrine ćelije G i ECL analizirane su na 20 vidnih polja; površina jednog vidnog polje iznosila je 0, mm 2. Nivo serumskog gastrina analiziran je radioimmunoasay (RIA) metodom. Statistička obrada podataka vršena je korišćenjem mera centralne tendencije (aritmetička sredina i standardna devijacija) i Studentovim t testom. Rezultati Histološko ispitivanje sluznice želuca pokazalo je kod A-gastritisa gradus III prisustvo intestinalne metaplazije (IM), difuzno u sluzokoži korpusa želuca. Kod 35% bolesnika zapaženo je prisustvo IM sa displazijom (slika 1). U celoj debljini lamine proprie sluznice želuca nađen je gust limfoplazmocitni infiltrat, a ređe (12% površine) evidentni su i pravi limfni folikuli sa hiperplastičnim germinativnim centrima. Sl. 1 Displastična intestinalna metaplazija i gust mononukleusni infiltrat u lamini proprii sluznice želuca (HE, 400 ) Sluznica antruma pošteđena je zapaljenja, uz proširenje regenerativne neck zone. Histohemijsko ispitivanje epitelnih mucina u korpusnoj sluzokoži želuca pokazalo je da su neutralni mucini prisutni samo u pokrovnom epitelu kontrolne grupe. Kod bolesnika sa atrofijskim gastritisom teškog stepena i PA, kvalitativne promene bile su evidentne zbog difuzne intestinalne metaplazije. Naime, kako u resicama, tako i u celoj dubini sluznice peharaste ćelije intestinalnog tipa (gobled cell type) bile su ispunjene kiselim mucinima, tj. sijalomucinima. U antrumu želuca kontrolne grupe i bolesnika sa A- gastritisom i normalnom sluznicom bili su prisutni neutralni mucini (fukomucini) u pokrovnom epitelu i pilorusnim žlezdama.
3 Volumen 64, Broj 8 VOJNOSANITETSKI PREGLED Strana 545 Citohemijsko ispitivanje ECL ćelija u kontrolnoj grupi ispitanika pokazalo je da su ECL ćelije lokalizovane u donjoj trećini korpusne sluznice, a izrazito retke u vratnoj regiji žlezda. Njihov broj kretao se od 1 3 po korpusnoj žlezdi. Foveole i pokrovni epitel bili su bez ovih ćelija. ECL ćelije su male, ovoidnog ili vretenastog oblika, sa kratkim produžecima i okruglim jedrima. Poput drugih ćelija closed tipa i ove ćelije nemaju direktan kontakt sa žlezdanim lumenom, već su uglavljene između bazalne membrane i parijetalnih ćelija (slika 2). argirofiliju sa gustim crnim konfluentnim granulama u citoplazmi (slika 3). U jednom slučaju sa najvišim vrednostima gastrina u serumu, nađena je intramukozna lokalizacija karcinoida (slika 4). Imunocitohemijsko ispitivanje G ćelija kod kontrolne grupe, sa pošteđenim antrumom pokazalo je da su G ćelije lokalizovane u srednjem delu antralne mukoze, između bazalne membrane i lumena žlezda (slika 5). Imale su trouglasti, ovoidni ili piriformni oblik, svetlo jedro manje od egzokrinih ćelija. U citoplazmi su deponovane granule tamno braon boje (slika 5). U normalnoj korpusnoj sluzokoži G ćelije nisu bile prisutne. Sl. 4 Intramukozni karcinoid enterohromafinolikih ćelija (Sevier-Munger, 200 ) Sl. 2 Retke argirofilno-pozitivne enterohromafinolike ćelije zatvorenog tipa (Sevier-Munger, 400 ) Kod bolesnika sa PA bila je prisutna hiperplazija različitog stepena i tipa počevši od proste, linearne i adenomatoidne hiperplazije koja se manifestuje povećanim brojem ECL ćelija kao i ekspanzijom do lamine epitelialis sluznice želuca (slika 3). Istovremeno su ECL ćelije pokazivale intenzivnu Sl. 5 Lokalizacija G ćelija u gastričnoj srednjoj foveolnoj zoni (PAP, 200 ) Sl. 3 Linearni tip enterohromafinolike hiperplazije (Sevier-Munger, 400 ) Kod svih bolesnika sa PA bila je prisutna hiperplazija G ćelija u antrumu, ali se G ćelijska zona širila na najdublje delove pilorusnih žlezda, kao i na superficijalne delove foveolnog epitela. U slučaju adenomatoidnog bujanja G ćelija markantan je bio njihov venačni raspored duž čitave bazalne membrane. Mikromorfološki aspekt ovih ćelija bio je očuvan u hipercelularnim područjima, ali je hormonski depozit bio izrazito smanjen, a samim tim i imunoenzimski depoziti bledo braon boje (slika 6). Za razliku od kontrolne korpusne mukoze u kojoj nema G ćelija, kod bolesnika sa PA i difuznom intestinalnom metaplazijom, G ćelije bile su prisutne. Imunocitohemijskom metodom, uz korišćenje neuroendokrinog markera tipa hromogranina A, verifikovana je adenomatoidna hiperplazija ECL ćelija u korpusnoj sluznici bolesnika sa PA (slika 7). Morfometrijskom analizom G ćelija dobijena srednja vrednost broja G ćelija kontrolne grupe na površini od 0, mm 2 (jedno vidno polje) iznosila je 44,37.
4 Strana 546 VOJNOSANITETSKI PREGLED Volumen 64, Broj 8 Diskusija Sl. 6 Markantna hiperplazija G ćelija u pilorusnim žlezdama (PAP, 200 ) Sl. 7 Intenzivna ekspresija hromogranina A u adenomatoidnoj hiperplaziji enterohromafinolikih ćelija (PAP, 400 ) Srednja vrednost broja G ćelija kod bolesnika sa PA na površini od 0, mm 2 (jedno vidno polje) iznosila je 5,64. Primenom Studentovog t testa nađena je značajna razlika između broja G ćelija kontrolne grupe i grupe sa PA (p < 0,05). Morfometrijskom analizom ECL ćelija dobijena srednja vrednost broja ECL ćelija kontrolne grupe na površini od 0, mm 2 (jedno vidno polje) iznosila je 17,53. Srednja vrednost broja ECL ćelija bolesnika sa PA na površini od 0, mm 2 (jedno vidno polje) iznosila je 35,13. Primenom Studentovog t testa nađena je značajna razlika u broju ECL ćelija između kontrolne grupe i grupe sa PA (p < 0,001). Kod svih ispitanika određivane su vrednosti gastrina u serumu. Srednja vrednost gastrina u serumu kontrolne grupe iznosila je 78,4 pg/ml, a srednja vrednost gastrina u serumu bolesnika sa PA bila je 950 pg/ml. Primenom Studentovog t testa nađena je značajna razlika između vrednosti gastrina kontrolne grupe i grupe sa PA (p < 0,001). A-gastritis zahvata korpus i/ili fundus difuzno, dok je antrum pošteđen zapaljenja, ali ne uvek 6. Antiparijetalna antitela i nivoi gastrina u serumu povišeni su, a aciditet izrazito smanjen do ahlorhidrije 7. Antitela na unutrašnji faktor takođe su pozitivna i specifičnija. Kod 16% bolesnika sa A- gastritisom razvija se PA u intervalu od osam godina 8. U atrofičnom gastritisu gradus III korpusna sluznica se zamenjuje intestinalnom metaplazijom koja predstavlja faktor rizika za nastajanje želudačnog karcinoma 6. Uz to, ahlorhidrija i množenje bakterija koje učestvuju u stvaranju karcinogena tipa nitrozamina takođe pogoduju razvoju želudačnog karcinoma 8. Na našem materijalu nađena je nezrela, tj. displastična intestinalna metaplazija kod 35%, a registrovan je i adenokarcinom, lokalizovan u korpusnom delu želuca kod jednog slučaja. Tri puta veći rizik za nastajanje adenokarcinoma koji je udružen sa PA i A-gastritisom saopštili su i drugi autori 2. Ahlorhidrija i pošteđen antrum, kada je zapaljenje u pitanju, objašnjavaju markantnu G ćelijsku hiperplaziju u antrumu i izraženu hipergastrinemiju 7, 9, 10. Mnogo ređi tip želudačnog karcinoma, udružen sa PA, je difuzni signet ring cell tip karcinoma. Njegovo nastajanje dovodi se u vezu sa hiperplazijom neuroendokrinih ECL ćelija 11, 12. Navedena sugestija zasnovana je na kolokalizaciji neuroendokrinih markera tipa hromogranina A, sinaptofizina i histidindekarboksilaze, s jedne strane, i PAS pozitivnih gastričnih mucina, s druge 11, 13. Kod bolesnika sa PA istaknut je 13 puta veći rizik za nastajanje neuroendokrinih tumora tipa gastričnih ECL karcinoida Ćelijski ECL karcinoidi nastaju u korpusnoj sluznici ili u fundusu. Oni su podeljeni na tri tipa 17. Tip I udružen je sa autoimunskim hroničnim atrofičnim gastritisom, što je istaknuto i u našem radu. Drugi tip je udružen sa multiplom endokrinom neoplazijom tip I (MEN-I) i sa Zollinger- Ellisonovim sindromom 18. Tip III je sporadičan i nije udružen sa hipergastrinemijom ni sa atrofičnim A-gastritisom. Prema našim rezultatima ECL ćelijski karcinoid pripada tipu I i malih je neupadljivih dimenzija, dok je mikroskopski zapažena njegova multicentričnost. Kod drugih bolesnika, nađen je različit stepen i tip ECL ćelijske hiperplazije počev od proste, linearne, pa sve do adenomatoidne hiperplazije 7, 19. Chen i sar. 10 eksperimentno su potvrdili proliferaciju endokrinih ćelija želuca, posle hronične supresije sinteze i sekrecije hlorovodonične kiseline antagonistima histaminskih H-1 receptora. Prosta hiperplazija karakteriše se povećanim brojem ECL ćelija (> 3 u jednoj korpusnoj žlezdi) 20. Linearna hiperplazija karakteriše se množenjem ECL ćelija duž cele bazalne membrane izmenjenih korpusnih žlezda. Kod adenomatoidne hiperplazije upadljivi su solidni mikronodulusi, prečnika mm, poznati još kao mikrokarcinoidi 20. Povećanjem mikrokarcinoida, nastajanjem celularne atipije i cepanjem bazalne membrane nodulusi formiraju karcinoidne tumore, lobularne ili trabekularne građe, veće od 0,5 cm u prečniku, što je potvrđeno i u našem radu. Tip I karcinoidi multipli su kod 57% slučajeva, često polipoidni, ograničeni u mukozi ili, češće, njihova je lokalizacija u submukozi. Patohistološki, tip I ECL ćelijski karcinoidi su mali,
5 Volumen 64, Broj 8 VOJNOSANITETSKI PREGLED Strana 547 mikrolobularni ili trabekularni, sa regularnim monomorfnim jedrima, neupadljivim nukleolusima, skoro odsutnim mitozama i ružičastom citoplazmom. Specifična metoda za verifikaciju ECL endokrinih ćelija argirofilna je metoda po Sevier-Mungeru, bojeći argirofilne citoplazmatske granule tamno braon do crno 21. Ove ćelije pokazuju pozitivnu imunoreaktivnost na neuroendokrini marker hromogranin A, uz istovremeno odsustvo reaktivnosti na argentafini test, što je specifična karakteristika neuroendokrinih EC ćelija 13, Naziv karcinoid odnosi se na noduluse koji su veći od 0,5 cm ili koji zahvataju i submukozu. U cilju bolje diferencijacije hiperplazije od karcinoidnih tumora istaknut je značaj autonomnog rasta tumora u odnosu na nivoe gastrina, a u vezi sa autonomnim rastom i prisustvo CCN2, mitogenog faktora rasta, samo u ECL karcinoidima 24, 25, dok je njegovo odsustvo evidentno u ECL ćelijama 12. Kada je u pitanju agresivnost tumora, Rindi i sar. 15 istakli su benigne i maligne karakteristike karcinoidnih tumora porekla ECL ćelija. U slučaju benigne varijante, tumor je ograničen na mukozu/submukozu, bez angioinvazije, manji je od 1 cm u prečniku, nije funkcionalan i otkriva se često u hroničnom atrofijskom gastritisu i MEN-u I. Agresivni karcinoidi infiltrišu tunicu muscularis i dublje delove zida, veći su od 1 cm, angioinvazivni, funkcionalni, javljajući se sporadično. Za polipoidne tipove karcinoida, manje od 1 cm, oko 3 5 u broju, udružene sa A-gastritisom, endoskopska ekscizija ima odličnu prognozu. Ukoliko su veći od 1 cm, u većem broju od pet, predlaže se antrektomija, uz lokalnu eksciziju svih prisutnih tumora 26, 27. U slučaju gastrointestinalnog krvarenja kod ovih bolesnika preporučuju se transfuzije krvi 28. Pored dugo poznate sinteze histamina u ECL ćelijama i aktiviranja histidin-dekarboksilaze gastrinom neophodne za sintezu histamina, sinteza i sekrecija peptidnog hormona u ECL ćelijama još je uvek nedovoljno poznata 9. Novi podaci ističu da ECL ćelije sintetišu pankreastatin, urogvanilin, različite faktore rasta, a verovatno i druge peptidne hormone 1, 29. Otkriće ghrelina (28-amino kiselinski acetilisani peptid) u endokrinim ćelijama korpusnih žlezda prvobitno je smatrano produktom ECL ćelija. Kasnije, dokazano je njegovo prisustvo u neuroendokrinim ćelijama korpusnih žlezda koje se razlikuju od ECL, EC i D ćelija, a nazvane su X/A-like ćelijama 30, 31 i čine 20% endokrine populacije u korpusu želuca. Sinteza ghrelina otkrivena je i u drugim delovima digestivnog sistema, u arkuatnom nukleusu hipotalamusa, u bubregu, pa čak i u placenti 32. Vrednosti ghrelina povišene su u serumu kod A-gastritisa i neuroendokrinih tumora želuca i creva 19, 33. Ovi nalazi sugerišu da određivanje vrednosti ghrelina može da posluži u dijagnostici atrofičnog A-gastritisa i gastrointestinalnih tumora neuroendokrinog porekla. Zaključak Hipergastrinemija indukuje nastajanje korpusnih ECL karcinoida čija histogeneza predstavlja višestepeni proces koji se odvija preko proste, linearne i adenomatoidne hiperplazije. L I T E R A T U R A 1. Solcia E, Rindi G, Buffa R, Fiocca R, Capella C. Gastric endocrine cells: types, function and growth. Regul Pept 2000; 93(1 3): Katić V. Endocine cells in gastric mucosa. In: Katić V, editor. Pathology of gaster. Beograd: Medicinska knjiga; p (Serbian) 3. Katić V, Novaković R, Vukašinović R, Kutlešić Č. Study of gastric and enterochromaffin-like endocrine cells in gastric mucosa of patients with peptic ulcer. Gastroenterohepatologic Archive 1984; 4: (Serbian) 4. Bordi C, D'Adda T, Azzoni C, Pilato FP, Caruana P. Hypergastrinemia and gastric enterochromaffin-like cells. Am J Surg Pathol 1995; 19 Suppl 1: S Solcia E, Bordi C, Creutzfeldt W, Dayal Y, Dayan AD, Falkmer S, et al. Histopathological classification of nonantral gastric endocrine growths in man. Digestion 1988; 41(4): Lahner E, Caruana P, D'Ambra G, Ferraro G, Di Giulio E, Delle Fave G, et al. First endoscopic-histologic follow-up in patients with body-predominant atrophic gastritis: when should it be done? Gastrointest Endosc 2001; 53(4): Nishi T, Makuuchi H, Weinstein WM. Changes in gastric ECL cells and parietal cells after long-term administration of highdose omeprazole to patients with Barrett's esophagus. Tokai J Exp Clin Med 2005; 30(2): Mačukanović-Golubović L. Comparativ clinical, hematological, histological, histochemical and immunocytochemical study of patients with pernicious anemia [thesis]. Niš: University of Niš; (Serbian) 9. Cui G, Waldum HL. Physiological and clinical significance of enterochromaffin-like cell activation in the regulation of gastric acid secretion. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13(4): Chen G, Kashiwagi H, Omura N, Aoki T. Effect of a histamine H1 receptor antagonist on gastric endocrine cell proliferation induced by chronic acid suppression in rats. J Gastroenterol 2000; 35(10): Bakkelund K, Fossmark R, Nordrum I, Waldum H. Signet ring cells in gastric carcinomas are derived from neuroendocrine cells. J Histochem Cytochem 2006; 54(6): Kidd M, Modlin IM, Eick GN, Camp RL, Mane SM. Role of CCN2/CTGF in the proliferation of Mastomys enterochromaffin-like cells and gastric carcinoid development. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 292(1): G Peracchi M, Gebbia C, Basilisco G, Quatrini M, Tarantino C, Vescarelli C, et al. Plasma chromogranin A in patients with autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis, enterochromaffin-like cell lesions and gastric carcinoids. Eur J Endocrinol 2005; 152(3): Boudray C, Grange C, Durieu I, Levrat R. Association of Biermer's anemia and gastric carcinoid tumors. Rev Med Interne 1998; 19(1): (French) 15. Rindi G, Azzoni C, La Rosa S, Klersy C, Paolotti D, Rappel S, et al. ECL cell tumor and poorly differentiated endocrine carcinoma of the stomach: prognostic evaluation by pathological analysis. Gastroenterology 1999; 116(3): Capella C, Solcia E, Snell KC. Ultrastructure of endocrine cells and argyrophil carcinoids of the stomach of Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis. J Natl Cancer Inst 1973; 50(6): Rindi G, Luinetti O, Cornaggia M, Capella C, Solcia E. Three subtypes of gastric argyrophil carcinoid and the gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study. Gastroenterology 1993; 104(4):
6 Strana 548 VOJNOSANITETSKI PREGLED Volumen 64, Broj Calender A, Morrison CD, Komminoth P, Scoazec JY, Sweet KM, Teh BT. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. In: DeLellis RA, Lloyd RV, Heitz PU, Eng C, editors. WHO classification of tumors pathology and genetics of tumors of endocrine organs. Lyon: IARC Press; p Rindi G, Bordi C, Rappel S, La Rosa S, Stolte M, Solcia E. Gastric carcinoids and neuroendocrine carcinomas: pathogenesis, pathology, and behavior. World J Surg 1996; 20(2): Stachura T, Strzalka M, Bolt L. Type 1 carcinoids and ECL-cell hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa. Przegl Lek 2003; 60(12): (Polish) 21. Sevier AC, Munger BL. Technical note: a silver method for paraffin sections of neural tissue. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1965; 24: Solcia E, Capella C, Frigerio B. Histochemical and ultrastructural studies of the argentaffin and argyrophil cells of the gut. In: Coupland HE, Fujita T, editors. Enterochromaffin and related cells. Tokyo: Elsvier Scientific Publishing Company; p Tzaneva MA. Electron microscopic immunohistochemical investigation of chromogranin A in endocrine cells in human oxyntic gastric mucosa. Acta Histochem 2001; 103(2): Tang LH, Modlin IM, Lawton GP, Kidd M, Chinery R. The role of transforming growth factor alpha in the enterochromaffin-like cell tumor autonomy in an African rodent mastomys. Gastroenterology 1996; 111(5): Kidd M, Tang LH, Modlin IM, Zhang T, Chin K, Holt PR, et al. Gastrin-mediated alterations in gastric epithelial apoptosis and proliferation in a mastomys rodent model of gastric neoplasia. Digestion 2000; 62(2 3): Capella, Solcia E, Sobin LH, Arnold R. Endocrine tumors of the stomach. In: Hamilton SR, Altonen LA, editors. WHO classificatio of tumors. Pathology and genetics of tumors of digestive system. Lyon: IARC Press; p Cadiot G, Cattan D, Mignon M. Diagnosis and treatment of ECL cell tumors. Yale J Biol Med 1998; 71(3 4): Auer J, Kirchgatterer A, Berent R, Allinger S, Hinterholzer G, Hobling W, et al. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage needing blood transfusion as the first manifestation of small bowel carcinoid tumor. Z Gastroenterol 2000; 38(8): (German) 29. Date Y, Nakazato M, Yamaguchi H, Kangawa K, Kinoshita Y, Chiba T, et al. Enterochromaffin-like cells, a cellular source of uroguanylin in rat stomach. Endocrinology 1999; 140(5): Date Y, Kojima M, Hosoda H, Sawaguchi A, Mondal MS, Suganuma T, et al. Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone-releasing acylated peptide, is synthesized in a distinct endocrine cell type in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats and humans. Endocrinology 2000; 141(11): Papotti M, Cassoni P, Volante M, Deghenghi R, Muccioli G, Ghigo E. Ghrelin-producing endocrine tumors of the stomach and intestine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86(10): Peeters TL. Ghrelin: a new player in the control of gastrointestinal functions. Gut 2005; 54(11): Tsolakis AV, Portela-Gomes GM, Stridsberg M, Grimelius L, Sundin A, Eriksson BK, et al. Malignant gastric ghrelinoma with hyperghrelinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89(8): Rad je primljen 23. IV 2007.
Recent Studies on Digestive. System Anatomy
Chapter 1 Recent Studies on Digestive Study on Morphology and Pathogenesis of Type 1 ECL- Cell Gastric Carcinoids Vuka Katic Department in Policlinic Human, University of Niš, Serbia. Email : vuka.katic@gmail.com
More informationGastric endocrine tumors type I: treatment with long-acting somatostatin analogs
Endocrine-Related Cancer (2008) 15 337 342 Gastric endocrine tumors type I: treatment with long-acting somatostatin analogs D Campana 1, F Nori 1, R Pezzilli 1, L Piscitelli 1, D Santini 2, E Brocchi 1,
More informationOriginal Report. Carcinoid Tumors of the Stomach: A Clinical and Radiographic Study
Aaron J. Binstock 1 C. Daniel Johnson 1 David H. Stephens 1 Ricardo V. Lloyd 2 Joel G. Fletcher 1 Received July 25, 2000; accepted after revision September 29, 2000. 1 Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic,
More informationDisclosure of Relevant Financial Relationships
Disclosure of Relevant Financial Relationships USCAP requires that all faculty in a position to influence or control the content of CME disclose any relevant financial relationship WITH COMMERCIAL INTERESTS
More informationUloga obiteljskog liječnika u prepoznavanju bolesnika s neuroendokrinim tumorom
Uloga obiteljskog liječnika u prepoznavanju bolesnika s neuroendokrinim tumorom Dr.sc. Davorin Pezerović OB Vinkovci 11.05.2017. For Za uporabu use by Novartisovim speakers predavačima and SAMO appropriate
More informationCASE REPORT. Introduction. Case Report. Kimitoshi Kubo 1, Noriko Kimura 2, Katsuhiro Mabe 1, Yusuke Nishimura 1 and Mototsugu Kato 1
doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0842-18 Intern Med 57: 2951-2955, 2018 http://internmed.jp CASE REPORT Synchronous Triple Gastric Cancer Incorporating Mixed Adenocarcinoma and Neuroendocrine Tumor Completely
More informationJeffrey L. Winslow, MD, 1 Thomas D. Trainer, MD, 1 and Richard B. Colletti, MD 2. Abstract
Anatomic Pathology / COLLAGENOUS GASTRITIS Collagenous Gastritis A Long-Term Follow-up With the Development of Endocrine Cell Hyperplasia, Intestinal Metaplasia, and Epithelial Changes Indeterminate for
More informationCase Report Features of the Atrophic Corpus Mucosa in Three Cases of Autoimmune Gastritis Revealed by Magnifying Endoscopy
Volume 2012, Article ID 368160, 4 pages doi:10.1155/2012/368160 Case Report Features of the Atrophic Corpus Mucosa in Three Cases of Autoimmune Gastritis Revealed by Magnifying Endoscopy Kazuyoshi Yagi,
More informationPathogenesis of ECL Cell Tumors in Humans
YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 71 (1998), pp. 273-284. Copyright C) 1999. All rights reserved. Pathogenesis of ECL Cell Tumors in Humans Cesare Bordia, Tiziana D'Adda, Cinzia Azzoni and Gabriella
More informationSerotonin- and Somatostatin-Positive Goblet Cell Carcinoid of the Duodenum
2012 66 4 351 356 Serotonin- and Somatostatin-Positive Goblet Cell Carcinoid of the Duodenum a b* c c c a a b d a c b d 352 Ohara et al. received remedies at another hospital. Hematemesis then recurred
More informationQUANTIFICATION OF ARGYROPHILIC NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZER REGIONS IN ESTROGEN RECEPTOR POSITIVE AND ESTROGEN RECEPTOR NEGATIVE DUCTAL BREAST CARCINOMAS
FACTA UNIVERSITATIS Series: Medicine and Biology Vol.13, No 2, 2006, pp. 65-69 UC 618.19-006 QUANTIFICATION OF ARGYROPHILIC NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZER REGIONS IN ESTROGEN RECEPTOR POSITIVE AND ESTROGEN RECEPTOR
More informationNeuroendocrine neoplasms of the stomach
Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the stomach Oldrich Louthan Background. Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms of type 1 and type 3 are different entities and as such require different therapeutical strategies.
More informationEndoscopic argon plasma therapy for neuroendocrine type I gastric tumors
Original articles Endoscopic argon plasma therapy for neuroendocrine type I gastric tumors Rodrigo Castaño, MD, Claudia Vargas, MD, Juan Camilo Pérez Cadavid, MD, Juan Pablo Dueñas, MD, Mario Hernán Ruiz,
More informationQUANTITATIVE MORPHOLOGY AS A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN FELINE SPONTANEOUS CUTANEOUS SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS
Research article UDK: 636.8.09:616.428-006.6 DOI: 10.2478/acve-2018-0022 QUANTITATIVE MORPHOLOGY AS A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN FELINE SPONTANEOUS CUTANEOUS SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS SIMEONOV Radostin a * a
More informationIs Endoscopic Resection for Type 1 Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors Essential for Treatment?: Multicenter, Retrospective Long-term Follow-up Results
ORIGINAL ARTICLE ISSN 1738-3331, http://dx.doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2016.16.1.13 The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research, 2016;16(1):13-18 Is Endoscopic Resection for Type
More informationGastric and Oesophageal Neuroendocrine tumours. Dr Tim Bracey, Consultant Pathologist MBChB PhD MRCS FRCPath
Gastric and Oesophageal Neuroendocrine tumours Dr Tim Bracey, Consultant Pathologist MBChB PhD MRCS FRCPath Intestinal (and BO) endocrine cells in crypt bases NE cell (granules towards vessels) Paneth
More informationOverview of digestion or, gut reactions - to food
Key concepts in Digestion. Indigestion module Overview of digestion or, gut reactions - to food Prof. Barry Campbell Gastroenterology Cellular & Molecular Physiology e-mail: bjcampbl@liv.ac.uk http://pcwww.liv.ac.uk/~bjcampbl
More informationScientific Journal of the Faculty of Medicine in Niš 2010;27(1):19-25
ACTA FACULTATIS MEDICAE NAISSENSIS UDC: 618.29:611.43 Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Medicine in Niš 2010;27(1):19-25 Original article Dynamics Of Differentiation Of Chromogranin A-Immunoreactive
More informationAngiogeneza kod skvamoznih prekanceroznih lezija grlića materice
Volumen 64, Broj 1 VOJNOSANITETSKI PREGLED Strana 7 ORIGINALNI Č L A N C I UDC: 618.146-006-091.8:616.16 Angiogeneza kod skvamoznih prekanceroznih lezija grlića materice Angiogenesis in squamous precancerous
More informationUpdate on the pathological classification of gastritis. Hala El-Zimaity, M.D. M.S. Epidemiology McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario Canada
Update on the pathological classification of gastritis Hala El-Zimaity, M.D. M.S. Epidemiology McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario Canada CLASSIFICATION GASTRITIS GASTROPATHY 1. Acute 2. Chronic 3. Uncommon
More informationOpto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy in characterization of the tissues during hyperbaric oxygen therapy
Page 922 VOJNOSANITETSKI PREGLED Vojnosanit Pregl 2015; 72(10): 922 927. PRELIMINARY REPORT UDC: 62::61]::615.835 DOI: 10.2298/VSP140610077S Opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy in characterization of the
More informationPlasma ghrelin concentrations in type 1 diabetic patients with autoimmune atrophic gastritis
European Journal of Endocrinology (2007) 157 763 769 ISSN 0804-4643 CLINICAL STUDY Plasma ghrelin concentrations in type 1 diabetic patients with autoimmune atrophic gastritis Núria Alonso 1,5, María Luisa
More informationOverview of digestion or, gut reactions - to food
1 Key concepts in Digestion. Indigestion module Overview of digestion or, gut reactions to food Prof. Barry Campbell Gastroenterology Cellular & Molecular Physiology email: bjcampbl@liv.ac.uk http://pcwww.liv.ac.uk/~bjcampbl
More informationMÉNÉETRIER DISEASE - CASE REPORT
ACTA FAC. MED. NAISS. UDC 616.3 Case report ACTA FAC. MED. NAISS. 2004; 21 (2): 101-105 Vesna Brzački 1, Dragan Mihailović 2, Aleksandar Nagorni 1, Bojan Mladenović 1, Suzana Raičević 1, Daniela Benedeto-Stojanov
More informationpropria of human gastric mucosa*
Gut, 1981, 22, 534-541 Ultrastructure of endocrine-like cells in lamina propria of human gastric mucosa* J STACHURA, W J KRAUSE, AND K J IVEYt From the Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach,
More informationPublic awareness and perception of clinical trials in Montenegro A
ISSN 2334-9492 (Online) Hospital Pharmacology. 2015; 2(3):317-321 UDC: 616-071(497.16) Public awareness and perception of clinical trials in Montenegro Snežana S. Mugoša 1, Berina I. Kučević 1, Marta S.
More informationhyperplasia of gastric argyrophil cells and multiple gastric carcinoids. We report a patient with long-standing pernicious
Gut, 1981, 22, 237-241 Case report Diffuse enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell hyperplasia and multiple gastric carcinoids: a complication of pernicious anaemia J R HODGES*, P ISAACSON, AND RALPH WRIGHT From
More informationOriginal Article Increased lysozyme expression in gastric biopsies with intestinal metaplasia and pseudopyloric metaplasia
www.ijcem.com/ijcem908003 Original Article Increased lysozyme in gastric biopsies with intestinal metaplasia and pseudopyloric metaplasia Carlos A Rubio, Ragnar Befrits Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology
More informationCarcinoid Tumors: The Beginning and End. Surgical Oncology Update 2011 Chris Baliski MD, FRCS BC Cancer Agency, CSI October 21, 2011
Carcinoid Tumors: The Beginning and End Surgical Oncology Update 2011 Chris Baliski MD, FRCS BC Cancer Agency, CSI October 21, 2011 1 st described by Oberndofer(1907) Karzinoide = cancer like Arise from
More informationThe Endocrine Cells of the Upper Gut Mucosa in Dogs with Transplantation of the Pyloric Antrum to the Colon*
Z. Zellforsch. 146, 237--242 (1973) by Springer-Verlag 1973 The Endocrine Cells of the Upper Gut Mucosa in Dogs with Transplantation of the Pyloric Antrum to the Colon* Juan Lechago and Sergio A. Bencosme
More informationEARLY DETECTION OF THYROID DISEASE IN WORKERS PROFESSIONALLY EXPOSED TO NOISE THROUGH PREVENTIVE MEDICAL CHECK-UPS
Original article UDC: 616.441:613.644 EARLY DETECTION OF THYROID DISEASE IN WORKERS PROFESSIONALLY EXPOSED TO NOISE THROUGH PREVENTIVE MEDICAL CHECK-UPS Vesna Veljović 1, Jovica Jovanović 1, Ljubodrag
More informationClinical features and management of type I gastric carcinoids
Clin J Gastroenterol (2014) 7:381 386 DOI 10.1007/s28-014-0528-9 CLINICAL REVIEW Clinical features and management of type I gastric carcinoids Yuichi Sato Received: 20 August 2014 / Accepted: 2 September
More informationTHE FREQUENCY OF ALLELIC LETHALS AND COMPLEMENTATION MAPS IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER FROM MEXICO. Victor M.
UDC 575.2: 595.773.4 Original scientific paper THE FREQUENCY OF ALLELIC LETHALS AND COMPLEMENTATION MAPS IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER FROM MEXICO Victor M. SALCEDA Departamento de
More informationType 2 gastric neuroendocrine tumor: report of one case
Case Report Type 2 gastric neuroendocrine tumor: report of one case Yuanliang Li, Xin Su, Huangying Tan Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China Correspondence
More informationGastrointestinal pathology 2018 lecture 4. Dr Heyam Awad FRCPath
Gastrointestinal pathology 2018 lecture 4 Dr Heyam Awad FRCPath Topics to be covered Peptic ulcer disease Hiatal hernia Gastric neoplasms Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)= chronic gastric ulcer Causes H pylori
More informationBASIC BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS SIGNIFICANT IN DIAGNOSIS OF MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES
FACTA UNIVERSITATIS Series: Medicine and Biology Vol.14, No 2, 2007, pp. 82-87 UC 616.155.2-07 BASIC BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS SIGNIFICANT IN DIAGNOSIS OF MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES Evica Simonović 1, Lana
More informationThe Role of Endogenous Gastrin in the Development of Enterochromaffin-like Cell
YAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MDICIN 71 (1998), pp. 247-255. Copyright 1999. All rights reserved. The Role of ndogenous Gastrin in the Development of nterochromaffin-like Cell Carcinoid Tumors in Mastomys
More informationECL Cell Tumor and Poorly Differentiated Endocrine Carcinoma of the Stomach: Prognostic Evaluation by Pathological Analysis
GASTROENTEROLOGY 1999;116:532 542 ECL Cell Tumor and Poorly Differentiated Endocrine Carcinoma of the Stomach: Prognostic Evaluation by Pathological Analysis GUIDO RINDI,* CINZIA AZZONI, STEFANO LA ROSA,
More informationAltered Distribution of Metaplastic Paneth, Gastrin and Pancreatic Acinar Cells in Atrophic Gastritic Mucosa with Endocrine Cell Lesions
Tohoku J. Exp. Med., Paneth, 2004, Acinar 202, and 13-22 G-Cells in Gastric Endocrine Cell Lesions 13 Altered Distribution of Metaplastic Paneth, Gastrin and Pancreatic Acinar Cells in Atrophic Gastritic
More informationMultifocal Gastric Carcinoid Tumor in a Patient with Pernicious Anemia Receiving Lansoprazole
Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Vol. 50, No. 3 (March 2005), pp. 509 513 ( C 2005) DOI: 10.1007/s10620-005-2466-3 CASE REPORT Multifocal Gastric Carcinoid Tumor in a Patient with Pernicious Anemia Receiving
More informationThe pathology of neuroendocrine tumours of the gut
The pathology of neuroendocrine tumours of the gut Professor Neil A Shepherd Gloucester & Cheltenham, UK Histopathology Regional Teaching Bristol May 11 2016 The pathology of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs)
More informationShort communication Kratko saopštenje UDK Medicus 2007; 8(2): EXPERIENCE IN TREATMENT OF BASAL CELL CARCINOMA IN
Short communication Kratko saopštenje UDK 617.76-006.6-089 Medicus 2007; 8(2): 49-53 EXPERIENCE IN TREATMENT OF BASAL CELL CARCINOMA IN ORBITAL REGION Predrag Kovacevic, Irena Jankovic Department for plastic
More informationOur gut reactions to food or, gut reactions - to food
Key concepts in Digestion. Our gut reactions to food or, gut reactions to food Prof. Barry Campbell Cellular & Molecular Physiology email: bjcampbl@liv.ac.uk http://pcwww.liv.ac.uk/~bjcampbl Swallowing
More informationInhibition of acid and gastric carcinoids
Leading article Gut, 1985, 26, 1279-1283 Inhibition of acid and gastric carcinoids Control of gastric acid secretion has long been one of the principal aims of medical and surgical approach to the management
More informationCommonly Encountered Neuro-Endocrine Tumors of the Gut
Commonly Encountered Neuro-Endocrine Tumors of the Gut Moderators: Giuseppe Aliperti, MD Steven Edmundowicz, MD Panelists Douglas O. Faigel, MD Professor of Medicine Department of Gastroenterology Oregon
More informationGastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Closer Look at the Characteristics of These Diverse Tumors
Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Closer Look at the Characteristics of These Diverse Tumors Jaume Capdevila, MD, PhD Vall d'hebron University Hospital Vall d'hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)
More informationHISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF ENDOSCOPIC BIOPSIES OF STOMACH
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF ENDOSCOPIC BIOPSIES OF STOMACH Pages with reference to book, From 177 To 179 Javed Iqbal Kazi, Syed Mahmood Alam ( Departments of Pathology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre,
More informationTHE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ENERGY AND PROTEINS LEVELS IN DIET ON PRODUCTION PARAMETERS OF BROILER CHICKEN FROM TWO GENOTYPES**
Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 23 (5-6), p 551-557, 2007 ISSN 1450-9156 Publisher: Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun UDC 636.084.52 THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ENERGY AND PROTEINS LEVELS IN
More information5. Which component of the duodenal contents entering the stomach causes the most severe changes to gastric mucosa:
Gastro-intestinal disorders 1. Which are the most common causes of chronic gastritis? 1. Toxic substances 2. Chronic stress 3. Alimentary factors 4. Endogenous noxious stimuli 5. Genetic factors 2. Chronic
More informationSporadic versus hereditary gastrinomas of the duodenum and pancreas: Distinct clinico-pathological and epidemiological features
PO Box 2345, Beijing 100023, China World J Gastroenterol 2006 September 14; 12(34): 5440-5446 World Journal of Gastroenterology ISSN 1007-9327 wjg@wjgnet.com 2006 The WJG Press. All rights reserved. EDITORIAL
More informationHistopathology: gastritis and peptic ulceration
Histopathology: gastritis and peptic ulceration These presentations are to help you identify, and to test yourself on identifying, basic histopathological features. They do not contain the additional factual
More informationNeuroendocrine Tumors
Neuroendocrine Tumors Neuroendocrine tumors arise from cells that release a hormone in response to a signal from the nervous system. Neuro refers to the nervous system. Endocrine refers to the hormones.
More informationMixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Stomach
Published online: July 18, 2015 1662 0631/15/0092 0241$39.50/0 This is an Open Access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC)
More informationGastrin cells and fasting serum gastrin levels in duodenal ulcer patients A quantitative study based on multiple biopsy specimens
Journal of Clinical Pathology, 1979, 32, 171-178 Gastrin cells and fasting serum gastrin levels in duodenal ulcer patients A quantitative study based on multiple biopsy specimens JUAN PIRIS AND R. WHITEHEADI
More informationSession 5: Morphology and Pathogenesis of Endocrine Hyperplasias, Precarcinoid Lesions, and Carcinoids Arising in Chronic Atrophic Gastritis
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology ISSN: 0036-5521 (Print) 1502-7708 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/igas20 Session 5: Morphology and Pathogenesis of Endocrine Hyperplasias,
More informationAlimentary Canal (I)
Alimentary Canal (I) Esophagus and Stomach (Objectives) By the end of this lecture, the student should be able to discuss the microscopic structure in correlation with the function of the following organs:
More informationSpontaneous enterochromaffin-like cell carcinomas in cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) are prevented by a somatostatin analogue
Endocrine-Related Cancer (2004) 11 149 160 Spontaneous enterochromaffin-like cell carcinomas in cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) are prevented by a somatostatin analogue R Fossmark, T C Martinsen, S H Torp
More informationBenign Epithelial Gastric Polyps Frequency, Location, and Age and Sex Distribution
Coll. Antropol. 26 (2002) 1: 55 60 UDC 616.33-006.5-053-055 Original scientific paper Benign Epithelial Gastric Polyps Frequency, Location, and Age and Sex Distribution N. Ljubi~i} 1, M. Kujund`i} 2, G.
More informationThe surface mucous cells and the cardiac and pyloric glands secrete mucus which protects the stomach from self-digestion.
PATHOLOGY OF THE STOMACH Stomach mucosa Gastric mucosa is covered by a layer of mucus. The mucosal glands comprise the cardiac glands, the fundic glands in the fundus and body of the stomach, and the pyloric
More informationAssociation of Helicobacter pylori infection with Atrophic gastritis in patients with Dyspepsia
ADVANCES IN BIORESEARCH Adv. Biores., Vol 8 [3] May 2017: 137-141 2017 Society of Education, India Print ISSN 0976-4585; Online ISSN 2277-1573 Journal s URL:http://www.soeagra.com/abr.html CODEN: ABRDC3
More informationENDOLUMINAL APPROACH FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF GASTROINTESTINAL CARCINOID
ENDOLUMINAL APPROACH FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF GASTROINTESTINAL CARCINOID Manoop S. Bhutani, MD, FASGE, FACG, FACP, AGAF, Doctor Honoris Causa Professor of Medicine Eminent Scientist of the Year 2008, World
More informationMicrovascular density in prostate core biopsy - Prognostic predictors?
doi:10.5937/pomc14-13641 UDK: 616.65-091.8 COBISS.SR-ID 241363724 Mikrovaskularna gustina u iglenim biopsijama prostate - prediktor prognoze? Microvascular density in prostate core biopsy - Prognostic
More informationPATHOLOGY OF NON NEOPLASTIC LESIONS OF THE UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
PATHOLOGY OF NON NEOPLASTIC LESIONS OF THE UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. OESOPHAGEAL LESIONS OESOPHAGITIS AND OTHER NON NEOPLASTIC DISORDERS Corrosive Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), Pills, Acid intake,
More informationHELICOBACTER PYLORI causes chronic gastritis
8 THE NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE April 8, 6 ATROPHIC GASTRITIS AND HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH REFLUX ESOPHAGITIS TREATED WITH OMEPRAZOLE OR FUNDOPLICATION ERNST J. KUIPERS, M.D.,
More informationRESEARCH COMMUNICATION
Eradication in Helicobacter pylori Impacts on Carcinoid Tumors in Mongolian Gerbils RESEARCH COMMUNICATION Development of Carcinoid Tumors of the Glandular Stomach and Effects of Eradication in Helicobacter
More informationSUMMARY INTRODUCTION. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000; 14: 625±634. Accepted for publication 20 January 2000
Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000; 14: 625±634. Cure of Helicobacter pylori infection in atrophic body gastritis patients does not improve mucosal atrophy but reduces hypergastrinemia and its related effects
More informationEthnic Distribution of Atrophic Autoimmune Gastritis in the United States
Ethnic Distribution of Atrophic Autoimmune Gastritis in the United States Robert M. Genta, Regan Allen, Massimo Rugge Miraca Life Sciences Research Institute, Miraca Life Sciences, Irving, Texas UTSW University
More informationthe Intravenous Glucose Bolus
7 Biljana Nedeljković Beleslin 1, Jasmina Ćirić, Miloš Stojanović, Mirjana Stojković, Slavica Savić, Tijana Lalić, Tanja Nišić, Marija Miletić, Miloš Žarković Insulin Pulsatility After the Intravenous
More informationHistohemijska karakterizacija epitelnih ovarijalnih tumora
Histohemijska karakterizacija epitelnih ovarijalnih tumora Histochemical characterization of epithelial ovarian cancer 3 3 PRIMLJEN 14.04.2014. RECEIVED 14.04.2014. Cilj. Cilj našeg istraživanja je bilo
More informationODREĐIVANJE GENETIČKIH I PROTEINSKIH BIOMARKERA U PACIJENATA SA KARCINOIDOM BRONHA
UNIVERZITET U BEOGRADU MEDICINSKI FAKULTET Marta A. Velinović ODREĐIVANJE GENETIČKIH I PROTEINSKIH BIOMARKERA U PACIJENATA SA KARCINOIDOM BRONHA Doktorska disertacija Beograd, 2018. UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE
More informationGastric atrophy: use of OLGA staging system in practice
Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench. 2016 RIGLD, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases ORIGINAL ARTICLE Gastric atrophy: use of OLGA staging system in practice Mahsa
More informationThe incidence of neoplasia in patients with autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis: a renewed call for surveillance
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Annals of Gastroenterology (2019) 32, 1-6 The incidence of neoplasia in patients with autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis: a renewed call for surveillance Nadim Mahmud a, Kristen
More information(b) Stomach s function 1. Dilution of food materials 2. Acidification of food (absorption of dietary Fe in small intestine) 3. Partial chemical digest
(1) General features a) Stomach is widened portion of gut-tube: between tubular and spherical; Note arranged of smooth muscle tissue in muscularis externa. 1 (b) Stomach s function 1. Dilution of food
More informationErosive oesophagitis: outcome of repeated long term maintenance treatment with low dose omeprazole 10 mg or placebo
458 Gut 1998;43:458 464 PAPERS Rotherham General Hospitals NHS Trust, Rotherham K D Bardhan P Cherian A Vaishnavi R B Jones M Thompson P Morris A Brooks J D Silva Astra Clinical Research Unit, Edinburgh
More informationNeuroEndocrine Tumors Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges: introduction
NeuroEndocrine Tumors Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges: introduction Prof Eric Van Cutsem, MD, PhD Gastroenterology/Digestive Oncology Leuven, Belgium Eric.VanCutsem@uzleuven.be Diagnostic & therapeutic
More informationUloga tipizacije humanog papiloma virusa i citologije u ranom otkrivanju recidiva cervikalne intraepitelne neoplazije
Strana 314 VOJNOSANITETSKI PREGLED Volumen 68, Broj 4 ORIGINALNI Č LANAK UDC: 618.146-006-036.87-07:[616-076.5:578 DOI: 10.2298/VSP1104314Z Uloga tipizacije humanog papiloma virusa i citologije u ranom
More informationANALYSIS OF ANAEROBIC CAPACITY IN ROWERS USING WINGATE TEST ON CYCLE AND ROWING ERGOMETER
620 Klašnja A, et al. Analysis of anaerobic capacity in rowers Medical Faculty Novi Sad Originalni naučni rad Department of Physiology 1 Original study Clinical center Vojvodina, Novi Sad UDK 612.22:797.12.015.57
More informationRESEARCH COMMUNICATION
PPI in Helicobacter pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils Enhances Neuroendocrine Tumor Development RESEARCH COMMUNICATION Long-term High-dose Proton Pump Inhibitor Administration to Helicobacter pylori-infected
More informationInformacioni sistemi i baze podataka
Fakultet tehničkih nauka, Novi Sad Predmet: Informacioni sistemi i baze podataka Dr Slavica Kordić Milanka Bjelica Vojislav Đukić Primer radnik({mbr, Ime, Prz, Sef, Plt, God, Pre}, {Mbr}), projekat({spr,
More informationPrinciples of diagnosis, work-up and therapy The Gastroenterologist s role
Principles of diagnosis, work-up and therapy The Gastroenterologist s role Dr. Christos G. Toumpanakis MD PhD FRCP Consultant in Gastroenterology/Neuroendocrine Tumours Hon. Senior Lecturer University
More informationEndoscopic Treatment of Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors
CASE REPORT Clin Endosc 2013;46:656-661 Print ISSN 2234-2400 / On-line ISSN 2234-2443 http://dx.doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.6.656 Open Access Endoscopic Treatment of Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors Sang
More informationPerioperative and Early Postoperative Outcome of Proximal Femoral Nailing for Stable and Unstable Trochanteric Fractures
ACTA FACULTATIS MEDICAE NAISSENSIS DOI: 10.1515/afmnai-2016-0005 UDC: 616.718.4-001.5-089 Perioperative and Early Postoperative Outcome of Proximal Femoral Nailing for Stable and Unstable Trochanteric
More informationMYSTICAL EXPERIENCE TO MEASURABLE DESCRIPTION: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPIRITUALITY AND FLOW IN GOLF UDC :130.1
FACTA UNIVERSITATIS Series: Physical Education and Sport Vol. 12, N o 1, 2014, pp. 1-10 Original research article MYSTICAL EXPERIENCE TO MEASURABLE DESCRIPTION: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPIRITUALITY AND
More informationPovezanost pušenja cigareta i plućne tuberkuloze
Volumen 66, Broj 10 VOJNOSANITETSKI PREGLED Strana 797 ORIGINALNI Č L A N C I UDC: 613.84:616.24-002.5-092 Povezanost pušenja cigareta i plućne tuberkuloze Association between tobacco smoking and pulmonary
More informationKK College of Nursing Peptic Ulcer Badil D ass Dass, Lecturer 25th July, 2011
KK College of Nursing Peptic Ulcer Badil Dass, Lecturer 25 th July, 2011 Objectives: By the end of this lecture, the students t will be able to: Define peptic pp ulcer Describe the etiology and pathology
More informationSerum Fas/FasL levels in dependence on clinical presentations of coronary disease and their relationship with risk factors
Volumen 67, Broj 7 VOJNOSANITETSKI PREGLED Strana 537 O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E UDC: 616.12:616.15-008.854 Serum Fas/FasL levels in dependence on clinical presentations of coronary disease and their
More informationPouzdanost CINtec TM p16 INK4a citološkog imunohistohemijskog testa u skriningu prekanceroznih lezija grlića materice
Volumen 65, Broj 3 VOJNOSANITETSKI PREGLED Strana 211 ORIGINALNI Č L A N C I UDC: 618.146 078.3:618.146 006.6 Pouzdanost CINtec TM p16 INK4a citološkog imunohistohemijskog testa u skriningu prekanceroznih
More informationDigestive system L 2. Lecturer Dr. Firdous M. Jaafar Department of Anatomy/Histology section
Digestive system L 2 Lecturer Dr. Firdous M. Jaafar Department of Anatomy/Histology section objectives 1-Describe the general structure of digestive tract: a-mucosa. b-submucosa. c-muscularis externa d-adventitia
More informationSTAINING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GASTRIN CELL
GASTROENTEROLOGY Copyright 1972 by The Williams & Wilkins Co. Vol. 62, No. 5 Printed in U.S.A. STAINING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GASTRIN CELL JAMES E. MCGUIGAN, M.D., MARIE H. GREIDER, PH.D., AND LOIS GRAWE
More informationPostoperativne neletalne komplikacije nakon operacije na otvorenom srcu
Volumen 69, Broj 1 VOJNOSANITETSKI PREGLED Strana 27 ORIGINALNI Č LANAK UDC: 616.12-089-16 DOI: 10.2298/VSP1201027G Postoperativne neletalne komplikacije nakon operacije na otvorenom srcu Postoperative
More information594 Lewin, Weinstein, and Riddell s Gastrointestinal Pathology and Its Clinical Implications
594 Lewin, Weinstein, and Riddell s Gastrointestinal Pathology and Its Clinical Implications Figure 13-20. Stages in the natural history of H. pylori. Biopsies from the antrum are on the left and the oxyntic
More informationStage 4 gastric adenocarcinoma icd 10
> Stage 4 gastric adenocarcinoma icd 10 stage iii; Carcinoma of colon, stage iv; Colon cancer metastatic to unspecified site; Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer; Malignant tumor of colon; Metastasis.
More informationUpper gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors incidentally found by endoscopic examinations
PO Box 2345, Beijing 100023, China World J Gastroenterol 2005;11(44):7028-7032 www.wjgnet.com World Journal of Gastroenterology ISSN 1007-9327 wjg@wjgnet.com ELSEVIER 2005 The WJG Press and Elsevier Inc.
More informationEffectiveness of various surgical methods in treatment of Hirschsprung s disease in children
Page 246 VOJNOSANITETSKI PREGLED Vojnosanit Pregl 2016; 73(3): 246 250. ORIGINAL ARTICLE UDC: 617.55-053.2 DOI: 10.2298/VSP140516002L Effectiveness of various surgical methods in treatment of Hirschsprung
More informationHistopathological study of gastric carcinoma with associated precursor lesions
Original Research Article Histopathological study of gastric carcinoma with associated precursor lesions Manasa G C 1,*, Sunila 2, Manjunath GV 3 1 Assistant Professor, JJM Medical College, Tharalabalu
More informationTHE ROLE OF MAST CELLS IN CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED RAT SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE DAMAGE
Original article UDC: XXXX doi:10.5633/amm.2019.0202 THE ROLE OF MAST CELLS IN CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED RAT SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE DAMAGE Ljubiša M. Lilić 1, Dragan Toskić 1, Rade Ž. Stefanović 1,
More informationDEPENDENCIES BETWEEN SOME TRAITS OF SPERM PRODUCTION OF BOARS AT DIFFERENT AGE
Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 33 (2), p 151-159, 2017 ISSN 1450-9156 Publisher: Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun UDC 636.082.453.64 https://doi.org/10.2298/bah1702151z DEPENDENCIES BETWEEN
More informationThe value of modified DASH questionnaire for evaluation of elbow function after supracondylar fractures in children
Volumen 65, Broj 1 VOJNOSANITETSKI PREGLED Strana 27 O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E UDC: 616.727.3 1.5 53.2:615.825.5 The value of modified questionnaire for evaluation of elbow function after supracondylar
More informationExtensive Bone Marrow Involvement in Hodgkin Lymphoma Patient
ACTA FACULTATIS MEDICAE NAISSENSIS DOI: 10.2478/afmnai-2014-0032 UDC: 616.15-006 Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Medicine in Niš 2014;31(4):261-265 Case report Extensive Bone Marrow Involvement in
More information