Rapid Biofluid Analysis using the Prosolia Velox 360 PaperSpray System and Mass Spectrometry

Transcription

1 Rapid Biofluid Analysis using the Prosolia Velox 36 PaperSpray System and Mass Spectrometry Mari Prieto Conaway, PhD Thermo Fisher Scientific Product Manager, Ion Sources The world leader in serving science

2 Outline Thermo Scientific part numbers Prosolia Velox 36 PaperSpray system Clinical research workflow Basics paper spray technology Advantages/disadvantages Quantitative workflow Chronograms Illicit drugs in urine and blood Drugs of Abuse (DoA) in blood Methods developed to date Cross validation PaperSpray with other technologies Prosolia Velox 36 PaperSpray system 2

3 Part Numbers for the Prosolia PaperSpray source Thermo Scientific part numbers 3

4 Part Numbers Example: Velox 36 for Ion Max mass spectrometers The flange is specific for the instrument ( New Generation or Ion Max) Magazine holds 4 cartridges; two magazines provided The paper spray source does not change with the mass spectrometer Paper spray source slides over the rods Used cartridge disposal bucket 4

5 Paper Spray Technology R. Graham Cooks Purdue University Zheng Ouyang Purdue University 213 Dreyfus Prize in Chemical Sciences Professor Biomedical Engineering-Inventor 5

6 Current Clinical Research Mass Spectrometry Workflow Blood Sample Storage Plasma Isolation Sample Pretreatment Liquid chromatography Protein Precipitation Solid Phase Extraction Liquid-liquid Extraction Thermo Scientific TSQ Vantage mass spectrometer 6

7 Current Clinical Research Mass Spectrometry Workflow Blood Sample Storage Plasma Isolation Sample Pretreatment Liquid chromatography Protein Precipitation Solid Phase Extraction Liquid-liquid Extraction Mass spectrometry Ideally, paper cartridge could act as: Blood sample storage Drug extraction Transfer to MS analysis (drug vaporization and ionization) 7

8 Paper Spray Ionization Basics Extraction/spray solvent Charged droplets 3.2 kv Porous substrate (e.g paper) Inlet to mass spectrometer He Wang, Jiangjiang Liu, R. Graham Cooks and Zheng Ouyang. Angewandte Chemie 21, vol 49, p

9 Blood Analysis Importance of Dried Blood Fresh blood - mostly lipids are detected in the 7-9 mass range (not shown) Dried blood offers a clean baseline in the 1-1 m/z region, which allows detection of endogenous (and other) small molecules Small molecules Amino acids Creatinine Urea Choline Acylcarnitines Drugs Slide courtesy of Nick Manicke, Assistant Professor, IUPUI. Relative Abundance Dried blood m/z 9

10 Dry Urine Analysis by PaperSpray Ionization Relative Abundance Creatinine circled Histidine -156 m/z Caffeine and paraxanthine Urea dimer 121 m/z m/z Thermo Scientific Exactive mass spectrometer Slide courtesy of Nick Manicke, Assistant Professor, IUPUI. 1

11 PaperSpray Source for Thermo Scientific Mass Spectrometers Prosolia s Velox 36 System 11

12 Single Use Cartridge correct way to spot sample Correct spotting Incorrect spotting 12

13 Common Solvents Used for Extraction and Spray Positive mode: Negative mode: Dried Blood Spots (DBS) - 95/5/.1, MeOH/H 2 O/Acetic Acid 1/.1, MeOH/Acetic Acid Urine 9/1/.1, Acetonitrile/H 2 O/Acetic acid Note: two different solvents might be more appropriate in certain cases: one for rewetting the dry sample and a second one as spray solvent 13

14 Paper Spray Technology Advantages No carryover Small sample volume (12 ul blood, 6 ul urine or plasma) Small solvent volume (~1 ul/sample) No solvent waste No sample preparation Amenable to walk-up analysis No LC system to maintain No chromatography to trouble shoot Disadvantages No separation: relies on exact mass and/or MS/MS alone for selectivity Detection limits are not as good as with LCMS single digit ng/ml LLOQ are typical 14

15 . Quantitative Workflow 15

16 Sample Processing for PaperSpray Workflow 1) urine sample spiked with drug Internal standard solution or 3) Spot urine onto paper Inlet to mass spectrometer 2) Internal standard addition Extraction/spray solvent (~1 µl) 3.2 kv 4) Paper spray MS analysis Charged droplets 16

17 Representative PaperSpray Chronogram RT: Amitriptyline 5 ng/ml NL: 2.3E5 F:+ c NSI SRM ms _Drugs_Urine_5ng_mL_14 Relative Abundance Amitriptyline-d 3 1 ng/ml NL: 3.5E5 F: + c NSI SRM ms _Drugs_Urine_5ng_mL_ Time (min) Amitriptyline SRM transitions m/z , 233 (top trace), Amitriptyline-d 3 SRM transitions m/z , 233 (bottom trace) Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) 17

18 Bottom Trace Indicates Signal Variability of Chronograms Absolute intensity (x1 4 ) ng/ml 8 ng/ml 5 ng/ml 2 ng/ml 1 ng/ml 5 ng/ml 2X 2 ng/ml 1 ng/ml 5 ng/ml Mass Chronogram of Sitamaquine (m/z ) 24 Absolute intensity (x1 4 ) Time (min) Mass Chronogram of 2 H 1 Sitamaquine (m/z ) Manicke et al, JASMS (211) 22:

19 Single Compound in Human Urine - Cocaine Area Ratio Calibration Curve in Triplicate Y = *X R^2 =.9984 W: 1/X Conc. (ng/ml) % RSD <1 1 < %RSD = (Std Dev/Avg) * Poster 285, ASMS 214; B Hart et al. Evaluation of a Novel High-Throughput Screening Method for Drugs of Abuse in Urine with Paper-Spray Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry For forensic use only. 19

20 Multi-Drug Panel Eight Compounds All experiments performed with early prototype source. Eight compounds from different classes Human urine.5-25 ng/ml Deuterated internal standards for all 2 SRM transitions for each compound and IS Drug m/z SRM 1 SRM 2 Amitriptyline Amphetamine Cocaethylene Cocaine Codeine Methamphetamine PCP Temazepam Poster 285, ASMS 214; B Hart et al. Evaluation of a Novel High-Throughput Screening Method for Drugs of Abuse in Urine with Paper-Spray Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry For forensic use only. 2

21 Results of A Multi-Drug Panel LOD.5-1 ng/ml LOQ.5-1 ng/ml Amphetamine showed high variability (volatility, matrix effects) Codeine was only detected in neat solvent (matrix effects). Seven of eight compounds showed good calibration curves Further development needed for poor /inconsistent ionizing compounds Area Ratio 4 Area Ratio Area Ratio Area Ratio cocaethylene Y = *X R^2 =.9958 W: 1/X amitriptyline Y = *X R^2 =.987 W: 1/X methamphetamine Y = *X R^2 =.9967 W: 1/X temazepam Y = *X R^2 =.982 W: 1/X Area Ratio 15 1 Area Ratio Area Ratio 5 amphetamine Y = *X R^2 =.998 W: 1/X cocaine Y = *X R^2 =.9923 W: 1/X PCP Y = *X R^2 =.9954 W: 1/X Poster 285, ASMS 214; B Hart et al. Evaluation of a Novel High-Throughput Screening Method for Drugs of Abuse in Urine with Paper-Spray Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry For forensic use only. 21

22 Quantitative Analysis of Illicit Drugs - Blood Goal: simultaneous quantitation of illicit drug panel from dry blood spots Instrument: Thermo Scientific TSQ Quantum Access Max MS in SRM mode Ratio between quantifier and qualifier transition used to confirm detection IS for each analyte spiked into sample Analyzed Compound Blood Cutoff Values of Interest (ng/ml) Amphetamine 5 Methamphetamine 5 MDA 5 MDMA 5 MDEA 5 Morphine 2 Cocaine 5 Δ9-THC 3 NH 2 O Anal Chem. 214 Aug 5;86(15): Slide courtesy of Nick Manicke, PhD, IUPUI THC, MW 314 ( 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol) O MDA, MW 179 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine For forensic use only. 22

23 Quantitative Analysis of Illicit Drugs - Blood Compound Blood Cutoff from Clinics (ng/ml) Paper Spray LOD from DBS (ng/ml) Amphetamine 5 1 Methamphetamine 5.3 MDA 5 2 MDMA 5.4 MDEA 5.3 Morphine 2 12 Cocaine 5.5 Δ9-THC 3 4 Calibration Curve for 9-THC (black) QC samples in red at 4, 12, 4, and 8 ng/ml (interassay accuracy % deviation Anal Chem. 214 Aug 5;86(15): Slide courtesy of Nick Manicke, PhD, IUPUI For forensic use only. 23

24 Methadone Donor Samples in Urine Exactive MS Base peak intensity = 1.5E8 Mass accuracy 3-4 ppm Base peak intensity = 2.E7 Mass accuracy 1-3 ppm Relative Abundance m/z Compound Theoretical m/z (M+H) + EDDP Methadone Data courtesy of Joseph Kennedy, Prosolia, Inc. and Nick Manicke, IUPUI Relative Abundance For forensic use only m/z Compound Theoretical m/z (M+H) + Ecgonine methyl ester Benzoylecgonine Cocaine

25 Developed Methods For forensic use only. 25

26 Developed Methods Analyte Matrix Extract / Spray Solvent Opiates: Morphine, Hydrocodone, 6 acetyl Morphine, Oxycodone, Oxymorphone, Buprenorphine, nor Buprenorphine Drugs of Abuse: Methadone, EDDP, Cocaine, BZE, Diazepam, nor Diazepam, Alprazolam, Fentanyl, nor Fentanyl Urine 9/1/.1 Acetonitrile / Water/ acetic acid Urine 9/1/.1 Acetonitrile / Water/ acetic acid Opiates and Drugs of Abuse Blood Extract: 8/3 Acetonitrile / CHCl 3 Spray:9/1/.1 Acetonitrile / Water/ acetic acid Reference Comparison of Paper Spray - MS/MS and Current Techniques for Screening Drugs of Abuse in Urine, 62 th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Baltimore, MD 214 Comparison of Paper Spray - MS/MS and Current Techniques for Screening Drugs of Abuse in Urine, 62 th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Baltimore, MD 214 Unpublished development Prosolia, Inc Amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDA, MDMA, MDEA, morphine, cocaine Blood 8/2/.1 Methanol/CH 2 Cl 2 / hydroxyl amine For forensic use only. Paper spray and extraction spray mass spectrometry for the direct and simultaneous quantification of eight drugs of abuse in whole blood. Anal Chem. 214 Aug 5;86(15): Jul 9. 26

27 Developed Methods Analyte Matrix Extract / Spray Solvent Reference Synthetic Bath Salts: Fluoro methamphetamine, Mephedrone, Pentedrone, MDMA, Methylone, MDPV Urine 9/1/.1 Acetonitrile / Water/ acetic acid Unpublished development Prosolia Inc Amitriptyline, Verapamil, Codeine, Amphetamine, PCP, Cocaine Blood 95/5/.1 methanol / Water/Acetic Acid Direct Analysis using Paper-Spray Mass Spectrometry: Method Development for the Rapid Screening of Drugs of Abuse for Forensic Toxicology, SOFT Conference, 213 Pazaponib (Tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in treatment for renal cell carcinoma) Immunosuppressive drugs: Tacrolimus and cyclosporine Blood 95/5/.1 methanol / Water/Acetic Acid Blood 6/4/.1 Methanol/CHCl 3 / Sodium Acetate Unpublished Development UTHealth The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School Assessment of paper spray ionization for quantitation of pharmaceuticals in blood spots", International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 211, 3, For forensic use only. 27

28 Developed Methods Analyte Matrix Extract / Spray Solvent Reference Anti inflammatory dialdehydes: Oleocanthal, Hydroxytyrasol, Tyrosol Olive Oil 1.5 M Methoxyamine hydrochloride methanol/water (1:1,v/v) Evaluation of dialdehydic antiinflammatory active principles inextravirgin olive oil by reactive paper spray mass spectrometry International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 352 (213) Free fatty acids, Phosphatidylglycerols, Phosphatidlethanolamines Bacterial cultures.5% CHAPS in Methanol CHAPS is a surfactant Rapid discrimination of bacteria by paper spray mass spectrometry Anal Chem. 214 Aug 5;86(15): Jul 22. Paclitaxel (mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy) Blood 6/4 CHCl 3 / methanol with.1% Sodium Acetate Unpublished Development UTHealth The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School Synthetic Cannabinoids JWH18,JWH73 / 15, JWH2, JWH25, JWH81,JWH122/19, RCS-8, WIN55,212 Urine 9/1/.1 Acetonitrile / Water/ acetic acid Unpublished development Prosolia Inc For forensic use only. 28

29 . Cross Validation of Paper Spray Technology 29

30 Cross Validations Collaborators Work Analysis of chemotherapeutic drugs and pharmacokinetics Imatinib Pazopanib Routine quantitation for immunosuppressant drug monitoring Drugs of abuse in urine and blood 3

31 Cross Validation for Imatinib Analytes Imatinib, N-Desmethyl Imatinib Internal standard [ 2 H 8 ] Imatinib for both analytes Samples Incurred plasma samples 45 total samples from 3 different subjects HPLC MS/MS Protein precipitation, centrifuge Inject supernatant PaperSpray MS/MS Drug: m/z IS: m/z Data courtesy of Jennifer Cunliffe, Novartis Plasma sample spotted onto paper and dried at ambient temperature MS: Thermo Scientific TSQ Ultra mass spectrometer 31

32 Cross Validation against HPLC-MS/MS - Imatinib Conc. (ng/ml) - Paperspray slope = R² = Conc. (ng/ml) - HPLC-MS/MS 8 Imatinib/ Imatinib-d8 6 Therapeutic range of interest Therapeutic Range R² =.9996 IS: [ 2 H 8 ] - Imatinib 95% (4/42) passed acceptance criteria Paper Spray was within 2% of HPLC - MS/MS Imatinib Conc. (ng/ml) Data courtesy of Jennifer Cunliffe, Novartis 32

33 Immunosuppressant Drug Monitoring Research Collaboration with Stanford Univ. Medical Center Drug Monitoring of Tacrolimus Immunosuppressive drug for organ transplant Monitoring drug concentrations is required Lab currently uses an immunoassay kit Costs ~$2/sample Generate gallons of waste/day Wants to switch to an MS based method Validated paper spray MS for quantitation of tacrolimus Move on to Cyclosporine, Sirolimus (both done by IA) and Everolimus (currently a send-out) MW = Run Shi et al., Clinica Chimica Acta 441 (215)

34 Selectivity Quantifier and Qualifier SRMs m/z , 443 (tacrolimus, [M + Na] + ) test_run2_tacro_cyclo # RT: AV: 5 NL: 9.4E2 F: + c ESI SRM ms [ , ] test_run2_tacro_cyclo #39-3 RT: AV: 52 NL: 3.6E3 F: + c ESI SRM ms [ , ] Donor sample Spiked blood Relative Abundance Relative Abundance m/z m/z m/z m/z Extraction/spray solvent: 4:4:2 methanol:dichloromethane:chloroform with.1% Na acetate MS: Thermo Scientific TSQ Vantage mass spectrometer Run Shi et al., Clinica Chimica Acta 441 (215)

35 Tacrolimus Calibration Curves 6 Tacrolimus, mw = ratio of tacrolimus intensity to IS cal standards 1/x fit tacrolimus concentration (ng/ml) Calibration curve for Tacrolimus from.5 ng/ml to 3 ng/ml 2 [H] 3 tacrolimus used as IS Signal at.5 ng/ml is ~2X blank Run Shi et al., Clinica Chimica Acta 441 (215) ratio of tacrolimus to IS cal standards 1/x fit tacrolimus concentration (ng/ml) 35

36 Tacrolimus Cross Validation against HPLC-MS/MS Validated against a standard HPLC-MS/MS assay on a Sciex 55 and an external reference lab Paper spray MS/MS on a TSQ Vantage mass spectrometer Run Shi et al., Clinica Chimica Acta 441 (215)

37 Tacrolimus Cross Validation against Immunoassay System Paper Spray MS/MS (ng/ml) y = 1.x -.2 R² =.99 (n=4) Immunoassay (ng/ml) Tacrolimus paper spray data validated against Architect Immunoassay system, Abbott Diagnostics Run Shi et al., Clinica Chimica Acta 441 (215)

38 PaperSpray Assays for Drug Monitoring Research Drug Molecular Ion Internal Standard Assay range (ng/ml) Approximate LOD from DBS (ng/ml)* Cyclosporine [M + Na] + 2 [H] 3 -cyclosporine Tacrolimus [M + Na] + 2 [H] 3 -tacrolimus Imatinib [M + H] + 2 [H] 8 -imatinib Melphalan [M + H] + 2 [H] 8 -melphalan Pazopanib [M + H] + 2 [H] 4 -pazopanib Paclitaxel [M + Na] + 2 [H] 5 -paclitaxel *On a Thermo Scientific TSQ triple quad. Model varied Slide courtesy of Nick Manicke, Assistant Professor, IUPUI 38

39 Conclusions The paper spray technique has been demonstrated as an easy-to-use technique, with no sample preparation, and no prior chromatography. The Prosolia Velox 36 PaperSpray system shows extraordinary potential for the screening and quantitative analysis of drugs of abuse and drug monitoring research when coupled to Thermo Scientific mass spectrometers, all in much shorter timeframes than is possible using liquid chromatography techniques. As the electrospray signal from paper spray lasts ~4 s, it can accommodate many experiments per sample spot for identification and confirmation in screening applications. Many SRM transitions per sample when coupled to a Thermo Scientific Endura or Thermo Scientific Quantiva triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. It can accommodate full scan MS at high resolving power and many MS/MS experiments when coupled to a Thermo Scientific Q Exactive mass spectrometer with HRAM capabilities. Both positive and negative ion mode available for paper spray ionization 39