LIPOPROTEIN PROFILING
|
|
- Karin Palmer
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 LIPOPROTEIN PROFILING in CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS and LIFE SCIENCE RESEARCH Product Information, March , numares HEALTH
2 LIPOPROTEINS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE High blood cholesterol is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), in particular coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction and other consequences of atherosclerosis. For transport in the blood, cholesterol and other lipids are packaged into lipoprotein particles, which are classified according to composition, size, density and physiological functions into major classes: VLDL (very low density lipoprotein), IDL (intermediate density lipoprotein), LDL (low density lipoprotein) and HDL (high density lipoprotein). Because of their prognostic significance for CVD, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol are widely known as standard laboratory parameters. However, half of the individuals who are hospitalized due to CAD have normal LDL-cholesterol levels [1]. It is now established that, as opposed to putting them in homogeneous classes, lipoproteins can, as a continuum ranging from small dense to large buoyant particles, be grouped more precisely into subclasses with varying atherogenicity. WHY SHOULD LIPOPROTEIN SUBCLASSES BE MEASURED? Certain lipoprotein subclasses are widely acknowledged as emerging risk factors for CVD [2-5]. The association between lipoprotein subclass cholesterol, particle concentration, particle size and CVD outcomes has been demonstrated by a number of studies [6-27]. Within the LDL fraction, especially small LDL particles are positively associated with CVD risk [6,10,12-22]. While high levels of large HDL particles seem to have a protective effect, this point needs more extensive investigation because of varying study results [19,23-26]. In a large-scale prospective study of more than 20,000 healthy women, NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) determined lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes predicted incident CVD events independently of classical risk factors [20]. Adjusted Hazard Ratios (HRs) of 2.51 (95% confidence interval (CI) ) for LDL particle concentration (LDL-P), 0.91 (95% CI ) for HDL particle concentration (HDL-P), 0.64 (95% CI ) for LDL size and 0.65 (95% CI ) for HDL size [20] were observed ranking them in the top group of risk factors. The association of NMR-measured LDL particle concentration and future CVD events was confirmed in the large Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) with a HR of 1.32 (95% CI ) [11]. Furthermore, the two nested casecontrol studies by Blake et al. [6] and El Harchaoui et al. [10] found that LDL-P was a strong predictor of future cardiovascular risk. In addition, a matched case-control study within the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial showed that higher levels of HDL-P were associated with a lowered risk of CVD death in men with metabolic syndrome (HR 0.50, fourth quartile compared to first quartile (95% CI )) [26]. Another nested casecontrol analysis by Kuller et al. showed significant differences between incident CVD cases and controls in LDL-P in women after bivariate analysis including LDL-C (odds ratio (OR) 1.11 per 100 nm (95% CI )) [7]. In addition, the concentrations of cholesterol in large HDL particles were significantly higher in controls compared to concentrations in women with myocardial infarction and angina (OR 0.73, fourth quartile compared to first quartile) [7]. In 2072 men from the Québec Cardiovascular study population, a strong and independent association between cholesterol in small dense LDL (sdldl) particles and the risk of long-term ischemic heart disease in the first 7 years of follow-up was observed [27]. Taken together, a growing weight of evidence supports the fact that lipoprotein subclass cholesterol, particle concentration and size are significantly and independently associated with CVD. LIPOPROTEIN SUBCLASSES IN CURRENT GUIDELINES & POSITION STATEMENTS Although the clinical utility of advanced lipoprotein subclass testing is still under debate, some current guidelines and expert panels recommend lipoprotein subclass measures, especially LDL-P for CVD risk assessment and patient management [28-35] : 2008 Lipoprotein management in patients with cardiometabolic risk: Consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation The ADA/ACC states that in comparison to LDL-C, NMR-measured LDL-P may be a more accurate way to capture the risk posed by LDL and appears to be a more discriminating measure of the adequacy of LDL lowering therapy [28] Apolipoprotein B and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Position Statement from the AACC Lipoproteins and Vascular Diseases Division Working Group on Best Practices The American Association of Clinical Chemists (AACC) states that LDL-P is consistently more predictive of cardiovascular disease than is LDL-C and appears to provide a better assessment of on-treatment residual risk than LDL-C measurement. It suggested a treatment target for LDL-P of <1100 nmol/l, similar to LDL-C in terms of population percentiles [29] Clinical utility of inflammatory markers and advanced lipoprotein testing: advice from an expert panel of lipid specialists The National Lipid Association (NLA) recommends the evaluation of LDL-P at the time of initial clinical , numares HEALTH Lipoprotein Profiling - Product Information, Version _v2.0 2/5
3 assessment and on-treatment management decisions for intermediate and high-risk patients [30] European Panel On Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Subclasses: A Statement on the Pathophysiology, Atherogenicity and Clinical Significance of LDL Subclasses This European expert panel states that there is a significant association of sdldl with increased CVD risk and that evidence from angiographic clinical trials indicates that treatment benefit is related to a decrease in sdldl particles [31] American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Guidelines for Management of Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Atherosclerosis These AACE guidelines list LDL-P and sdldl as risk factors to be considered. They recommend advanced lipoprotein testing for patients that fail to reach optimal lipid targets or show disease progression while at optimal guideline targets [32] AACE comprehensive diabetes management algorithm 2013 The AACE incorporated LDL-P measures into a diabetes management algorithm. Treatment should be intensified to reach treatment targets for LDL-P of <1200 nmol/l for patients with moderate risk and <1000 nmol/l for patients with high risk [33] Association of apolipoprotein B and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-derived LDL particle number with outcomes in 25 clinical studies: assessment by the AACC Lipoprotein and Vascular Diseases Division Working Group on Best Practices The AACC concludes that Apo B and LDL-P have consistently been shown to be stronger risk factors than LDL-C. They recommend that the measurement of particle number [ ] should be incorporated into the guidelines for the assessment of CVD risk [34]. Recent evidence [36] confirms the recommendation that patients should be treated in such a way as to reach target LDL-P concentrations [11,28,29,37]. Treatment targets for LDL-P can be reached by therapeutic lifestyle intervention or by several classes of drugs, e.g. statins, fibrates, niacin, some glitazones and combination therapies that have been shown to have a beneficial effect on lipoprotein subclass distribution [11,32,34,37,38]. METHODS FOR DETERMINING LIPOPROTEIN SUBCLASSES Several methods are available for analyzing lipoprotein subclasses. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is based on the mathematical deconvolution of lipid methyl group NMR signals. Each lipoprotein particle of a given size has a characteristic signal. The integrals of the signal are directly proportional to the numbers of subclass particles. Ultracentrifugation methods fractionate lipoproteins by density. During polyacrylamide (gradient) gel electrophoresis, lipoproteins are separated by size and charge. Densitometric evaluation of the individual bands provides the percent distribution of lipids in different subclasses. An enzymatic assay for the quantitation of sdldl cholesterol is based on selective surfactants and enzymes. Additional methods such as chromatographic methods, ion mobility, precipitation methods and others are rarely used. Method Nuclear Magnetic Density Gradient Polyacrylamide Gel Direct method - Resonance (NMR) 1 Ultracentrifugation (UC) Electrophoresis (GE) Enzymatic reaction * Major classes -- VLDL subclasses LDL subclasses Only sdldl HDL subclasses -- Particle size Particle concentration Subclass cholesterol Only sdldl Inter-lab. precision (Very) high Low Moderate Very high Throughput High Low Moderate Very high Hands-on time Very short Moderate Short Very short Automation High Moderate Moderate Very high 1 Lipoprotein Profiling by numares * HDL/LDL/VLDL/IDL , numares HEALTH Lipoprotein Profiling - Product Information, Version _v2.0 3/5
4 LIPOPROTEIN PROFILING BY NUMARES numares offers a system for analyzing lipoprotein subclasses based on a patented method in combination with NMR for use in clinical laboratories and life science research institutions worldwide. Thanks to a minimal sample preparation and processing on a fully automated platform, the system delivers highly reproducible results for hundreds of samples per day in a cost-effective manner. Serum parameters provided: - Particle concentrations * in lipoprotein fractions (LDL-P, HDL-P) and subfractions - Mean particle sizes * in VLDL, LDL and HDL fractions - Cholesterol concentrations * in lipoprotein fractions and subfractions - Standard lipid panel (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C) - Metabolic parameters (glucose, lactate, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine) * These parameters have been calibrated against other NMR and gel electrophoresis methods. Applications The results of the test system can be used in clinical diagnostics to - Identify patients at risk for CVD to allow for effective prevention and timely initiation of treatment - Predict and monitor the course of the disease to support individualized therapy decisions - Monitor treatment efficacy to improve patient management and quality of life The results of the test system can be used in life science research for - Basic and applied research, e.g. the evaluation of lipoprotein subclasses as a cardiovascular risk factor in different populations; their response to nutrition and lifestyle interventions or their role in other disorders - Pharmaceutical development, e.g. better characterization of the therapeutic profile of new lipid-lowering drugs - Personalized medicine, e.g. biomarker discovery, validation and development leading to routine tests Successful routine use numares lipoprotein profiling test systems have been in routine use in the USA since Thousands of blood samples are measured and evaluated on a weekly basis. Product pipeline numares continuously strives to develop novel tests addressing unmet diagnostic needs with a focus on CVD, metabolic diseases, oncology, transplantation and nephrology. One contact for all your questions numares offers comprehensive support for system installation and validation, technical service for software and instrumentation as well as operator trainings and on site service. REFERENCES 1. Sachdeva, A., et al., Lipid levels in patients hospitalized with coronary artery disease: an analysis of 136,905 hospitalizations in Get With The Guidelines. Am Heart J, : p e2. 2. National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, E. and A. Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in, Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation, : p Myers, G., et al., National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice guidelines: emerging biomarkers for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Clin Chem, : p Greenland, P., et al., 2010 ACCF/AHA guideline for assessment of cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation, : p. e Catapano, A., et al., ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: the Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Atherosclerosis, Suppl 1: p. S Blake, G., et al., Low-density lipoprotein particle concentration and size as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as predictors of cardiovascular disease in women. Circulation, : p Kuller, L., et al., Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of lipoproteins and risk of coronary heart disease in the cardiovascular health study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, : p Soedamah-Muthu, S., et al., Lipoprotein subclass measurements by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy improve the prediction of coronary artery disease in Type 1 diabetes. A prospective report from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study. Diabetologia, : p Cromwell, W., et al., LDL Particle Number and Risk of Future Cardiovascular Disease in the Framingham Offspring Study - Implications for LDL Management. J Clin Lipidol, : p El Harchaoui, K., et al., Value of low-density lipoprotein particle number and size as predictors of coronary artery disease in apparently healthy men and women: the EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population Study. J Am Coll Cardiol, : p , numares HEALTH Lipoprotein Profiling - Product Information, Version _v2.0 4/5
5 11. Otvos, J., et al., Clinical implications of discordance between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and particle number. J Clin Lipidol, : p Arsenault, B., et al., Lipid assessment, metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease risk. Eur J Clin Invest, : p Austin, M., et al., Low-density lipoprotein particle size, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as risk factors for coronary heart disease in older Japanese-American men. Am J Cardiol, : p Barzilai, N., et al., Unique lipoprotein phenotype and genotype associated with exceptional longevity. JAMA, : p Campos, H., et al., Low-density lipoprotein size, pravastatin treatment, and coronary events. JAMA, : p Gardner, C., S. Fortmann, and R. Krauss, Association of small low-density lipoprotein particles with the incidence of coronary artery disease in men and women. JAMA, : p Kamigaki, A., et al., Low density lipoprotein particle size and risk of early-onset myocardial infarction in women. Am J Epidemiol, : p Kwon, S., et al., Significance of small dense low-density lipoprotein as a risk factor for coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome. Yonsei Med J, : p Mackey, R.H., et al., Lipoprotein subclasses and coronary artery calcium in postmenopausal women from the healthy women study. Am J Cardiol, (8A): p. 71i-76i. 20. Mora, S., et al., Lipoprotein Particle Profiles by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Compared With Standard Lipids and Apolipoproteins in Predicting Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Women. Circulation, : p. 931-U Rosenson, R., J. Otvos, and D. Freedman, Relations of lipoprotein subclass levels and low-density lipoprotein size to progression of coronary artery disease in the Pravastatin Limitation of Atherosclerosis in the Coronary Arteries (PLAC-I) trial. Am J Cardiol, : p Stampfer, M.J., et al., A prospective study of triglyceride level, low-density lipoprotein particle diameter, and risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA, (11): p Dong, J., et al., A novel and precise method for simultaneous measurement of serum HDL and LDL subfractions and lipoprotein (a) cholesterol by ultracentrifugation and high-performance liquid chromatography. Clin Chim Acta, : p Arsenault, B., et al., Comparison between Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Estimating Coronary Heart Disease Risk Associated with LDL and HDL Particle Size. Clin Chem, : p Superko, H., et al., High-density lipoprotein subclasses and their relationship to cardiovascular disease. J Clin Lipidol, : p Kuller, L., et al., Lipoprotein particles, insulin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein and risk of coronary heart disease among men with metabolic syndrome. Atherosclerosis, : p St-Pierre, A., et al., Low-density lipoprotein subfractions and the long-term risk of ischemic heart disease in men: 13-year follow-up data from the Québec Cardiovascular Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, : p Brunzell, J., et al., Lipoprotein management in patients with cardiometabolic risk: consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Diabetes Care, : p Contois J, H., Apolipoprotein B and cardiovascular disease risk: position statement from the AACC Lipoproteins and Vascular Diseases Division Working Group on Best Practices. Clin Chem, : p Davidson, M., et al., Clinical utility of inflammatory markers and advanced lipoprotein testing: advice from an expert panel of lipid specialists. J Clin Lipidol, : p Mikhailidis, D., et al., European panel on low density lipoprotein (LDL) subclasses : a statement on the pathophysiology, atherogenicity and clinical significance of LDL subclasses. Curr Vasc Pharmacol, : p Jellinger, P., et al., American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Guidelines for Management of Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Atherosclerosis: executive summary. Endocr Pract, : p Garber, A., et al., AACE comprehensive diabetes management algorithm Endocr Pract, : p Cole, T., et al., Association of apolipoprotein B and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-derived LDL particle number with outcomes in 25 clinical studies: assessment by the AACC Lipoprotein and Vascular Diseases Division Working Group on Best Practices. Clin Chem, : p Superko, H., Advanced lipoprotein testing and subfractionation are clinically useful. Circulation, : p Toth, P.P., Cardiovascular risk in patients achieving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and particle targets. Atherosclerosis, (2): p Rosenson, R. and J. Underberg, Systematic review: Evaluating the effect of lipid-lowering therapy on lipoprotein and lipid values. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther, : p Gazi, I., et al., Clinical importance and therapeutic modulation of small dense low-density lipoprotein particles. Expert Opin Biol Ther, : p CONTACT DETAILS numares AG tel: Josef-Engert-Strasse 9 fax: Regensburg info@numares.com Germany numares GROUP Corporation tel: Ext N. Fifth Street fax: Richmond, VA mail@numares.com USA This paper is intended only for a non-united States audience. It is for information purposes only. It should not be seen as medical or diagnostic advice and does not replace the services, advice or counsel of a doctor or other health care professional. numares makes every effort to provide information that is accurate, but makes no guarantee in this regard , numares HEALTH Lipoprotein Profiling - Product Information, Version _v2.0 5/5
CARDIO Test INFAI. for Cardiac Risk Assessment
CARDIO Test INFAI for Cardiac Risk Assessment Heart Attack and Stroke: A Worldwide Problem NMR analysis of serum to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease Headquarter in Cologne (RTZ) Facility in Bochum
More informationnumares at a glance company overview 2014 Discover, understand and use biological systems high level NMR analytics
numares at a glance company overview 2014 Discover, understand and use biological systems high level NMR analytics Three benefits of numares 1 Supporting patients to receive better cure based on effective
More informationLipid Risk Factors (Novel) in Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Disease
Lipid Risk Factors (Novel) in Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Disease Policy Number: Original Effective Date: MM.02.013 02/01/2009 Line(s) of Business: Current Effective Date: HMO; PPO;
More informationWalter B. Bayubay CLS (ASCP), AMT, MA Ed, CPI
Walter B. Bayubay CLS (ASCP), AMT, MA Ed, CPI Biochemical Analysis (Lipid Panel) Analyte Total Cholesterol Reference Range Patient A < 200 241 LDL-C /= 40 38 Triglycerides
More informationREAGENTS. RANDOX sdldl CHOLESTEROL (sdldl-c) SIZE MATTERS: THE TRUE WEIGHT OF RISK IN LIPID PROFILING
REAGENTS RANDOX sdldl CHOLESTEROL (sdldl-c) SIZE MATTERS: THE TRUE WEIGHT OF RISK IN LIPID PROFILING Randox sdldl Cholesterol (sdldl-c) Size Matters: The True Wight of Risk in Lipid Profiling 1. BACKGROUND
More informationHigh-Density Lipoprotein Subclass Testing in the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Disease. Original Policy Date
MP 2.04.17 High-Density Lipoprotein Subclass Testing in the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Disease Medical Policy Section Medicine Issue 12:2013 Original Policy Date 12:2013 Last Review Status/Date
More informationApolipoprotein B in the Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Disease. Original Policy Date
MP 2.04.13 Apolipoprotein B in the Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Disease Medical Policy Section Medicine Issue 12:2013 Original Policy Date 12:2013 Last Review Status/Date Reviewed with
More informationLipoprotein Subclassification Testing for Screening, Evaluation and Monitoring of Cardiovascular Disease
for Screening, Evaluation and Monitoring of Cardiovascular Disease Last Review Date: June 9, 2017 Number: MG.MM.LA.40Cv2 Medical Guideline Disclaimer Property of EmblemHealth. All rights reserved. The
More informationCoverage Guidelines. NMR LipoProfile and NMR LipoProfile -II Tests
Coverage Guidelines NMR LipoProfile and NMR LipoProfile -II Tests Disclaimer: Please note that Baptist Health Plan updates Coverage Guidelines throughout the year. A printed version may not be most up
More informationsad EFFECTIVE DATE: POLICY LAST UPDATED:
Medical Coverage Policy Measurement of Small Low Density Lipoprotein Particles sad EFFECTIVE DATE: 02 16 2010 POLICY LAST UPDATED: 10 15 2013 OVERVIEW Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2),
More informationDescription of Discordance Between LDL Cholesterol, Non-HDL Cholesterol, and LDL Particle Number Among Patients of a Lipid Clinic
Volume 8 Number 3 Article 14 9-26-2017 Description of Discordance Between LDL Cholesterol, Non-HDL Cholesterol, and LDL Particle Number Among Patients of a Lipid Clinic Joshua W. Gaborcik The Ohio State
More informationLipoprotein Particle Profile
Lipoprotein Particle Profile 50% of people at risk for HEART DISEASE are not identified by routine testing. Why is LPP Testing The Most Comprehensive Risk Assessment? u Provides much more accurate cardiovascular
More informationThere are many ways to lower triglycerides in humans: Which are the most relevant for pancreatitis and for CV risk?
There are many ways to lower triglycerides in humans: Which are the most relevant for pancreatitis and for CV risk? Michael Davidson M.D. FACC, Diplomate of the American Board of Lipidology Professor,
More informationEffect of pravastatin on LDL particle concentration as determined by NMR spectroscopy: a substudy of a randomized placebo controlled trial
European Heart Journal (2003) 24, 1843 1847 ARTICLE IN PRESS Clinical research Effect of pravastatin on LDL particle concentration as determined by NMR spectroscopy: a substudy of a randomized placebo
More informationMetabolism and Atherogenic Properties of LDL
Metabolism and Atherogenic Properties of LDL Manfredi Rizzo, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy & Affiliate Associate Professor of Internal
More informationPopulation versus Personalized Medicine in the Clinical Management of CV Disease
Population versus Personalized Medicine in the Clinical Management of CV Disease Discussion Regarding Individualized Approaches to the Management of CV Risk Robert M. Honigberg, MD Key Questions Do management
More informationBiomarkers (Novel) in Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Disease
Biomarkers (Novel) in Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Disease Policy Number: Original Effective Date: MM.02.013 02/01/2009 Line(s) of Business: Current Effective Date: HMO; PPO; QUEST
More informationBest Lipid Treatments
Best Lipid Treatments Pam R. Taub MD, FACC Director of Step Family Cardiac Rehabilitation and Wellness Center Associate Professor of Medicine UC San Diego Health System Overview of Talk Review of pathogenesis
More informationCurrent Challenges in CardioMetabolic Testing. Kenneth French, Director of Clinical Operations
Current Challenges in CardioMetabolic Testing Kenneth French, Director of Clinical Operations Disclosers Employee at VAP Diagnostics Laboratory Outline Cardiometabolic Disease: Current Challenges and Methodology
More informationSmall dense low-density lipoprotein is a risk for coronary artery disease in an urban Japanese cohort: The Suita study
Small dense low-density lipoprotein is a risk for coronary artery disease in an urban Japanese cohort: The Suita study Hidenori Arai 1, Yoshihiro Kokubo 2, Makoto Watanabe 2, Tatsuya Sawamura 3, Tomonori
More informationLipoprotein (a) Disclosures 2/20/2013. Lipoprotein (a): Should We Measure? Should We Treat? Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc. No other disclosures
Lipoprotein (a): Should We Measure? Should We Treat? Joseph P. McConnell, Ph.D. DABCC Health Diagnostic Laboratory Inc. Baptist Health South Florida Eleventh Annual Cardiovascular Disease Prevention International
More informationEffects of a dietary intervention to reduce saturated fat on markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease.
Michael Garshick, MD PGY-1 Columbia University Medical Center Effects of a dietary intervention to reduce saturated fat on markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Study Purpose and Rationale:
More informationAchieving Secondary Prevention Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Concentration Goals Using Lipoprotein Cholesterol-Based Data
Achieving Secondary Prevention Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Concentration Goals Using Lipoprotein Cholesterol-Based Data Simon C. Mathews 1, Jaya Mallidi 2,3, Krishnaji Kulkarni 4, Peter P. Toth 5,
More informationLipids, Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk: Getting the Most out of New and Old Biomarkers. New and Old Biomarkers. Disclosures
Lipids, Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk: Getting the Most out of New and Old Biomarkers William Cromwell, MD, FAHA, FNLA Diplomate, American Board of Clinical Lipidology Chief Lipoprotein and Metabolic
More informationEffects of Niacin on LDL Particle Number
www.medscape.com Effects of Niacin on LDL Particle Number Haseeb Jafri, Richard H Karas, Jeffrey T Kuvin Clin Lipidology. 2009;4(5):565-571. Abstract and Niacin Overview Abstract Niacin has long been used
More informationLipoprotein Subclasses and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Insulin-Resistant Diabetes
Lipoprotein Subclasses and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Insulin-Resistant Diabetes 2 Michael Cobble, Patrick D. Mize, and Eliot A. Brinton Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes The pathophysiology of
More informationWhat Else Do You Need to Know? Presenter Disclosure Information. Case 1: Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in a 53-Year-Old Man. Learning Objectives
9: 1:am Understanding Dyslipidemia Testing and Screening: Importance of Lipoprotein Particle Analysis SPEAKER Matthew Sorrentino, MD, FACC Presenter Disclosure Information The following relationships exist
More informationPREDIABETES TESTING SERVICES
PREDIABETES TESTING SERVICES ASSESSING DIABETES RISK IN ASYMPTOMATIC ADULTS Depending upon population characteristics, up to 70% of individuals with prediabetes will ultimately progress to diabetes at
More informationMeasurement of Serum Intermediate Density Lipoproteins (Remnant-like Particles) Original Policy Date
MP 2.04.22 Measurement of Serum Intermediate Density Lipoproteins (Remnant-like Particles) Medical Policy Section Medicine Issue 12:2013 Original Policy Date 12:2013 Last Review Status/Date Reviewed with
More informationBiomarkers (Novel) in Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Disease
Biomarkers (Novel) in Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Disease Policy Number: Original Effective Date: MM.02.013 02/01/2009 Line(s) of Business: Current Effective Date: HMO; PPO; QUEST
More informationMEDICAL POLICY. SUBJECT: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK ASSESSMENT - LABORATORY EVALUATION OF LIPIDS POLICY NUMBER: CATEGORY: Laboratory Test
MEDICAL POLICY SUBJECT: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK PAGE: 1 OF: 10 If a product excludes coverage for a service, it is not covered, and medical policy criteria do not apply. If a commercial product, including
More informationEffects of Rosuvastatin and Atorvastatin on LDL and HDL Particle Concentrations in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E Effects of Rosuvastatin and Atorvastatin on LDL and HDL Particle Concentrations in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome A randomized, double-blind,
More informationDo Cholesterol Numbers Really Assess Cardiovascular Risk?
of people at risk for HEART DISEASE are not identified by routine testing. Visit us at www.spectracell.com Do Cholesterol Numbers Really Assess Cardiovascular Risk? Lipoprotein Particle numbers tell the
More informationRole of Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein in Coronary Artery Disease Patients With Normal Plasma Cholesterol Levels. Small Dense KATAGIRI, MD, FJCC
J Cardiol 2000 ; 36: 371 378 Small Dense Role of Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein in Coronary Artery Disease Patients With Normal Plasma Cholesterol Levels Shinji Tsutomu Taro Keiko Takeshi Minoru Hiroshi
More informationThe New Gold Standard for Lipoprotein Analysis. Advanced Testing for Cardiovascular Risk
The New Gold Standard for Lipoprotein Analysis Advanced Testing for Cardiovascular Risk Evolution of Lipoprotein Testing The Lipid Panel Total Cholesterol = VLDL + LDL + HDL Evolution of Lipoprotein Testing
More informationCase # 278 Should lipoprotein cholesterol assays disappear?
Case # 278 Should lipoprotein cholesterol assays disappear? Let's get into the case: I was contacted by a provider who states: "I have a 70 year old guy with absolutely no cardiac risk factors except for
More informationReview of guidelines for management of dyslipidemia in diabetic patients
2012 international Conference on Diabetes and metabolism (ICDM) Review of guidelines for management of dyslipidemia in diabetic patients Nan Hee Kim, MD, PhD Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University
More informationZuhier Awan, MD, PhD, FRCPC
Metabolism, Atherogenic Properties and Agents to Reduce Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins (TRL) The Fifth IAS-OSLA Course on Lipid Metabolism and Cardiovascular Risk Muscat, Oman, February 8-11, 2019 Zuhier
More informationBehind LDL: The Metabolism of ApoB, the Essential Apolipoprotein in LDL and VLDL
Behind LDL: The Metabolism of ApoB, the Essential Apolipoprotein in LDL and VLDL Sung-Joon Lee, PhD Division of Food Science Institute of Biomedical Science and Safety Korea University Composition of Lipoproteins:
More informationNovel Biomarkers in Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Disease
Page: 1 of 35 Last Review Status/Date: December 2014 Management of Cardiovascular Disease Description Numerous lipid and nonlipid biomarkers have been proposed as potential risk markers for cardiovascular
More informationLow-density lipoprotein as the key factor in atherogenesis too high, too long, or both
Low-density lipoprotein as the key factor in atherogenesis too high, too long, or both Lluís Masana Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit. Sant Joan University Hospital. IISPV. CIBERDEM Rovira i Virgili
More informationAcritical component of lowering the cardiovascular disease
Review Systematic Review: Association of Low-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions With Cardiovascular Outcomes Stanley Ip, MD; Alice H. Lichtenstein, ScD; Mei Chung, MPH; Joseph Lau, MD; and Ethan M. Balk,
More informationConsiderations and Controversies in the Management of Dyslipidemia for ASCVD Risk Reduction
Considerations and Controversies in the Management of Dyslipidemia for ASCVD Risk Reduction Pamela B. Morris, MD, FACC, FAHA, FASCP, FNLA Chair, ACC Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Council The Medical
More informationThe apolipoprotein story
Atherosclerosis Supplements 7 (2006) 23 27 The apolipoprotein story Frank M. Sacks a,b, a Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA b Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical
More informationRelationship of Apolipoprotein B Levels to the Number of Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome
ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION Relationship of Apolipoprotein B Levels to the Number of Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome Jacob J. Clarenbach, Scott M. Grundy, Natalia Palacio, and Gloria Lena Vega Low-density
More informationAtherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment: Emerging Laboratory Evaluations
Medical Coverage Policy Effective Date...08/15/2017 Next Review Date...08/15/2018 Coverage Policy Number... 0137 Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment: Emerging Laboratory Evaluations
More informationMetabolism, Atherogenic Properties and Agents to reduce Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins Manfredi Rizzo, MD, PhD
Metabolism, Atherogenic Properties and Agents to reduce Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins Manfredi Rizzo, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy
More informationThe inhibition of CETP: From simply raising HDL-c to promoting cholesterol efflux and lowering of atherogenic lipoproteins Prof Dr J Wouter Jukema
The inhibition of CETP: From simply raising HDL-c to promoting cholesterol efflux and lowering of atherogenic lipoproteins Prof Dr J Wouter Jukema Dept Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden,
More informationDisclosures. Background 1 What is Known MENOPAUSE, ESTROGENS, AND LIPOPROTEIN PARTICLES. Background 2 What is Not Known 10/2/2017
Disclosures MENOPAUSE, ESTROGENS, AND LIPOPROTEIN PARTICLES Grants: NIH, Quest Diagnostics Consultant: Quest Diagnostics Merck Global Atherosclerosis Advisory Board Ronald M. Krauss, Children s Hospital
More informationNovel Biomarkers in Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Disease
Page: 1 of 34 Last Review Status/Date: March 2016 Management of Cardiovascular Disease Description Numerous lipid and nonlipid biomarkers have been proposed as potential risk markers for cardiovascular
More informationNovel Biomarkers in Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Disease
Novel Biomarkers in Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Disease Policy Number: 2.04.65 Last Review: 1/2018 Origination: 1/2011 Next Review: 1/2019 Policy Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Kansas
More informationSection: Genetic Testing Last Reviewed Date: December Policy No: 05 Effective Date: March 1, 2014
Medical Policy Manual Topic: Apolipoprotein E for Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Disease Date of Origin: January 2013 Section: Genetic Testing Last Reviewed Date: December 2013 Policy
More informationFor personal use only
For mass reproduction, content licensing and permissions contact Dowden Health Media. Apolipoprotein Mature HDL particle Unesterified cholesterol Cholesteryl ester Copyright Dowden Health Media For personal
More informationDo Cholesterol Numbers Really Assess Cardiovascular Risk?
of people at risk for HEART DISEASE are not identified by routine testing. Visit us at www.spectracell.com Do Cholesterol Numbers Really Assess Cardiovascular Risk? Lipoprotein Particle numbers tell the
More informationSUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL A Meta-analysis of LDL-C, non-hdl-c, and apob as markers of cardiovascular risk. Slide # Contents 2 Table A1. List of candidate reports 8 Table A2. List of covariates/model adjustments
More informationDiscordance between apolipoprotein B and low-density lipoprotein particle number is associated with insulin resistance in clinical practice
Journal of Clinical Lipidology (2015) 9, 247 255 Discordance between apolipoprotein B and low-density lipoprotein particle number is associated with insulin resistance in clinical practice Stephen A. Varvel,
More informationNOVEL BIOMARKERS IN RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE Non-Discrimination Statement and Multi-Language Interpreter Services information are located at the end of this document. Coverage for services, procedures, medical devices and drugs
More informationGuidelines for Management of Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY Guidelines for Management of Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Writing Committee Chair: Paul S. Jellinger,
More informationTraceable lipoprotein counting for Cardiovascular disease risk assessment Vincent DELATOUR, PhD
Traceable lipoprotein counting for Cardiovascular disease risk assessment Vincent DELATOUR, PhD 1 The need for primary methods VIM 2008 : Primary reference measurement procedure : reference measurement
More informationNIH Public Access Author Manuscript Atherosclerosis. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 December 1.
NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Published in final edited form as: Atherosclerosis. 2009 December ; 207(2): 524. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.05.001. Lipoprotein Particle Subclasses, Cardiovascular
More informationSoo LIM, MD, PHD Internal Medicine Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
Soo LIM, MD, PHD Internal Medicine Seoul National University Bundang Hospital 1. Importance of Lowering LDL-Cholesterol in Diabetes Patients & Lipid Guidelines Prevalence of dyslipidemia in Korea Prevalence
More informationNicole Ciffone, MS, ANP-C, AACC Clinical Lipid Specialist
1 Nicole Ciffone, MS, ANP-C, AACC Clinical Lipid Specialist New Cardiovascular Horizons Multidisciplinary Strategies for Optimal Cardiovascular Care February 7, 2015 2 Objectives After participating in
More informationPdf. TC = 152 TG = 170 HDL-C = 37 VLDL-C = 34 LDL-C = 81 Non-HDL-C = 115 TC/HDL-C = 4.1 TG/HDL-C = 4.6. I was asked for my thoughts.
Pdf LIPID CASE 252 Particle Core Composition Hi Lipidaholics: The following case demonstrates a topic I have wanted to discuss in depth. It illustrates the concept of particle composition meaning what
More informationMeasurement of Small Dense Low-density Lipoprotein Particles
67 Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis Reviews Vol. 12, No. 2 Measurement of Small Dense Low-density Lipoprotein Particles Tsutomu Hirano 1, Yasuki Ito 2, and Gen Yoshino 3 1 Division of Diabetes
More informationHIGH LDL CHOLESTEROL IS NOT AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR HEART ATTACKS AND STROKES
HIGH LDL CHOLESTEROL IS NOT AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR HEART ATTACKS AND STROKES A study published in the British Medical Journal shows that not only is high LDL cholesterol not a risk factor for all-caused
More informationAtherogenic Lipoprotein Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease and Residual Risk Among Individuals With Low Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Atherogenic Lipoprotein Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease and Residual Risk Among Individuals With Low Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Patrick R. Lawler, MD, MPH; Akintunde O. Akinkuolie, MBBS,
More informationCLINICAL SCIENCE. Protasio Lemos da Luz, I Desiderio Favarato, I Jose Rocha Faria-Neto Junior, II Pedro Lemos, I Antonio Carlos Palandri Chagas I
CLINICS 2008;64:427-32 CLINICAL SCIENCE High ratio of triglycerides to hdlcholesterol predicts extensive coronary disease Protasio Lemos da Luz, I Desiderio Favarato, I Jose Rocha Faria-Neto Junior, II
More informationMeasurement of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) in the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk. Original Policy Date
MP 2.04.23 Measurement of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) in the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Medical Policy Section Medicine Issue 12:2013 Original Policy Date 12:2013 Last Review
More informationInsulin resistance: targeting dyslipidemia beyond the LDL-cholesterol. Disclosures: Presentation outline
Insulin resistance: targeting dyslipidemia beyond the LDL-cholesterol Rocky Mountain Metabolic Syndrome Symposium May 14 th 21 Mori Krantz MD FACC Associate Professor, University of Colorado Director of
More informationBIOCHEMISTRY BLOOD - SERUM Result Range Units
BIOCHEMISTRY BLOOD - SERUM Result Range Units LIPIDS CHOLESTEROL 3.9 0.0-5.5 mmol/l TRIGLYCERIDES 0.7 < 1.5 mmol/l LIPID STUDIES HDL(Protective) 1.5 > 1.2 mmol/l LDL(Atherogenic) 2.1 0.5-3.5 mmol/l Cholesterol/HDL
More informationFasting or non fasting?
Vascular harmony Robert Chilton Professor of Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center Director of Cardiac Catheterization labs Director of clinical proteomics Which is best to measure Lower continues
More informationLatest Guidelines for Lipid Management
Latest Guidelines for Lipid Management Goals Recognize the differences between different guidelines Understand the effective strategies to tailor lipid lowering therapies based on evidence and guideline
More informationHow to Reduce Residual Risk in Primary Prevention
How to Reduce Residual Risk in Primary Prevention Helene Glassberg, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Section of Cardiology Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA USA Patients with
More informationLipoprotein Particle Size and Concentration by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Women
Diabetes Publish Ahead of Print, published online February 25, 2010 Lipoprotein Particle Size and Concentration by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Women Samia Mora, MD, MHS,
More informationProf. John Chapman, MD, PhD, DSc
Prof. John Chapman, MD, PhD, DSc Director of the Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis Research Unit of the National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) at the Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital in Paris
More informationSupplementary Online Content
Supplementary Online Content Kavousi M, Leening MJG, Nanchen D, et al. Comparison of application of the ACC/AHA guidelines, Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines, and European Society of Cardiology guidelines
More informationTHE EFFECT OF VITAMIN-C THERAPY ON HYPERGLYCEMIA, HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND NON HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN LEVEL IN TYPE 2 DIABETES
Int. J. LifeSc. Bt & Pharm. Res. 2013 Varikasuvu Seshadri Reddy et al., 2013 Review Article ISSN 2250-3137 www.ijlbpr.com Vol. 2, No. 1, January 2013 2013 IJLBPR. All Rights Reserved THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN-C
More informationMedical Policy An independent licensee of the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association
Novel Biomarkers in Risk Assessment and Page 1 of 38 Medical Policy An independent licensee of the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association Title: Novel Biomarkers in Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular
More informationStandard lipid tests measure the cholesterol or triglyceride
CONTROVERSIES IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE Are advanced lipoprotein testing and subfractionation clinically useful? Advanced Lipoprotein Testing and Subfractionation Are Not (Yet) Ready for Routine Clinical
More informationLipoprotein (a): Is it important for Friedewald formula?
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ALBANIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL Lipoprotein (a): Is it important for Friedewald formula? Murat Can 1, Berrak Guven 1 1 Bulent Ecevit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry
More informationSmall Dense LDL Cholesterol is a Promising Biomarker for Secondary Prevention
GGI-0624-2017 Small Dense LDL Cholesterol is a Promising Biomarker for Secondary Prevention in Elder Men with Stable Coronary Artery Disease A short running title Small Dense LDL for Secondary Prevention
More information10/17/16. Assessing cardiovascular risk through use of inflammation testing
Assessing cardiovascular risk through use of inflammation testing Anthony L. Lyssy, DO Medical Director and Managing Partner Diamond Physicians Dallas, TX Response to Injury Hypothesis Injury Response
More informationDyslipidemia and the Use of Statins. Troy L Randle, DO, FACC, FACOI
Dyslipidemia and the Use of Statins Troy L Randle, DO, FACC, FACOI Objective: Identify CV risk. Determine what dyslipidemia (dyslipoproteinemia) is Decrease CV risk and optimize lipid levels for your
More information2.5% of all deaths globally each year. 7th leading cause of death by % of people with diabetes live in low and middle income countries
Lipid Disorders in Diabetes (Diabetic Dyslipidemia) Khosrow Adeli PhD, FCACB, DABCC Head and Professor, Clinical Biochemistry, The Hospital for Sick Children, University it of Toronto Diabetes A Global
More informationNovel Biomarkers in Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Disease
Subject: Novel Biomarkers in Risk Assessment and Page: 1 of 31 Last Review Status/Date: March 2017 Novel Biomarkers in Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Disease Description Numerous lipid
More informationMedical Policy An Independent Licensee of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association
Measurement of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase Page 1 of 11 Medical Policy An Independent Licensee of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association Title: Measurement of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase
More informationMetabolic Syndrome. Bill Roberts, M.D., Ph.D. Professor of Pathology University of Utah
Metabolic Syndrome Bill Roberts, M.D., Ph.D. Professor of Pathology University of Utah Objectives Be able to outline the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome Be able to list diagnostic criteria for
More informationAn update on lipidology and cardiovascular risk management. Lipids, Metabolism & Vascular Risk Section - Royal Society of Medicine
An update on lipidology and cardiovascular risk management Lipids, Metabolism & Vascular Risk Section - Royal Society of Medicine National and international lipid modification guidelines: A critical appraisal
More informationResearch Article Discordance of Non-HDL and Directly Measured LDL Cholesterol: Which Lipid Measure is Preferred When Calculated LDL Is Inaccurate?
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Cholesterol Volume 13, Article ID 52948, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/.1155/13/52948 Research Article Discordance of Non-HDL and Directly Measured LDL Cholesterol: Which Lipid
More informationMeasurement of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) in the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk
Measurement of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) in the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Policy Number: Original Effective Date: MM.02.018 10/01/2012 Line(s) of Business: Current Effective
More informationMPS and Calcium Score in asymptomatic patient F. Mut, J. Vitola
MPS and Calcium Score in asymptomatic patient F. Mut, J. Vitola Nuclear Medicine Service, Asociacion Española Montevideo, Uruguay Quanta Diagnostico Nuclear Curitiba, Brazil Clinical history Male 63 y.o.,
More informationNon-HDL cholesterol, ApoB and LDL particle concentration in coronary heart disease risk prediction and treatment
Clinical Lipidology ISSN: 1758-4299 (Print) 1758-4302 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tlip20 Non-HDL cholesterol, ApoB and LDL particle concentration in coronary heart disease
More informationMeasurement of Trigly ceride-rich Lipoproteins by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Clin. Cardiol. Vol. 22 (Suppl. 11), 11-21-11-27 (1999) Measurement of Trigly ceride-rich Lipoproteins by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy JAMES CII'VOS, PH.D. Department of Biochemistry, North Carolina
More informationLipoprotein Subpopulation Distributions in Lean, Obese, and Type 2 Diabetic Women: A Comparison of African and White Americans
Lipoprotein Subpopulation Distributions in Lean, Obese, and Type 2 Diabetic Women: A Comparison of African and White Americans Paul S. MacLean, Joseph F. Bower, Satyaprasad Vadlamudi, Thomas Green, and
More informationNIH Public Access Author Manuscript J Clin Lipidol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 August 4.
NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Published in final edited form as: J Clin Lipidol. 2007 December 1; 1(6): 583 592. doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2007.10.001. LDL Particle Number and Risk of Future Cardiovascular
More information10/15/2012. Lessons Learned from Tim Russert: Investigating Residual Risk. Tim Russert: Residual CV Risk?
Lessons Learned from Tim Russert: Investigating Residual Risk Peter H. Jones, MD, FACP Associate Professor Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas Tim Russert:
More informationRole of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in the development of atherosclerosis Jan Borén MD, PhD
Role of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in the development of atherosclerosis Jan Borén MD, PhD Our laboratory focuses on the role of apolipoprotein (apo) B- containing lipoproteins in normal
More informationLDL cholesterol (p = 0.40). However, higher levels of HDL cholesterol (> or =1.5 mmol/l [60 mg/dl]) were associated with less progression of CAC
Am J Cardiol (2004);94:729-32 Relation of degree of physical activity to coronary artery calcium score in asymptomatic individuals with multiple metabolic risk factors M. Y. Desai, et al. Ciccarone Preventive
More informationHigh density lipoprotein metabolism
High density lipoprotein metabolism Lipoprotein classes and atherosclerosis Chylomicrons, VLDL, and their catabolic remnants Pro-atherogenic LDL HDL Anti-atherogenic Plasma lipid transport Liver VLDL FC
More information