Name: Charis Betts. Project 2: The Grinch and His Gut Potential Credits: /10. Project Goals: Instructions: Marking Guide:

Transcription

1 Project 2: The Grinch and His Gut Potential Credits: /10 Name: Charis Betts Project Goals: to practice and demonstrate your understanding of the chemical structures of the major classes of biological molecules found in our diet and of the accessory organs responsible for helping to digest them Instructions: Please read the Unit 8 Lessons in their entirety. Please read the poem below and use the hints within to solve the riddle and save the Grinch. Marking Guide: identification of the chemical structures on "box" 1 /1 identification of the chemical structures on "box" 2 /1 identification of the chemical structures on "box" 3 /2 identification of which accessory organ is in each "box" /3 explanation of how the accessory organ within each "box" is involved in digesting or regulating the chemical structures shown on each "box" /3 Total = /10 1 of 7

2 The Grinch and His Gut The Grinch hated Christmas! The whole Christmas season! They said, "Don't ask why, no one quite knows the reason. It could be that his head wasn't screwed on quite right. It could be, perhaps, that his shoes were too tight." Then they thought that the most likely reason of all May have been that his heart was two sizes too small. But when they took a closer look and a very long pause, They discovered his heart just wasn't the cause. It was fine, it was right, it was really quite strong! Rather it was his digestive system that had it all wrong! Lipids, proteins, carbs, whatever he ate, The more he felt empty, the more he would hate! Oh he wanted to join in the joyous Who Feast, To partake in Who pudding and rare Who roast beast, But his pesky accessory organs insist that he shan't, Because to do what they must, they just simply can't But a tear for himself the Grinch will not shed, Thanks to you and your help, he is soon to be fed. A transplant you will give him, three organs a must, Before his soul shrivels and we're left with his dust, The organs, they come in black boxes sealed tight, With labels, the symbols, they must be read right, The pancreas, the gall bladder, the liver you see, Transplant in this order; one, two and three! You can't open the boxes, not early, not late, 2 of 7

3 It's in the correct order or he's doomed a death fate. So identify each box, you must do this job first, Or the Grinch he will swear, that with you he is cursed. So go ahead, use your brain and all of your time, For it's about the right answer and not just a rhyme. Molecules on labels, the organs will help to digest, But beware one is trickier, even stickier than the rest, For one molecule digest, the organ just will not do, But keeping it balanced, that's the real clue, Hormones into blood it does not secrete, But responding to such, its job is so sweet. Now read this last paragraph and then turn the page, For thinking and answering is the last stage, Look at each label and think about digest, Give the box a correct answer and give it your best, Explain how you know which organ is which, Do it now and do it right, with nary a hitch! Please read the above poem and use the hints in the poem and the chemical structures on the "boxes" to identify which accessory organ (liver, pancreas, or gallbladder) the "box" contains. BOX 1 3 of 7

4 Chemical Structures Shown on Box 1: 1. Lipid- 1 glycerol molecule+3 fatty acids 2. Monosaccharide_ Accessory Organ within Box 1: Liver Explanation of how the Accessory Organ is involved in regulating or digesting the chemical structures shown on the box: The liver is responsible for the production of bile, which is an emulsifier that is used to break down lipids into fat droplets. Once bile is produced, it is moved into the gall bladder for storage. Once the gall bladder is signalled, it releases bile into the duodenum where it breaks down lipids into fat droplets, after which it will be further broken down by the enzyme lipase(which is made in the pancreas). The liver also plays a role in the release and storage of glucose. When blood sugar levels raise, the hormone insulin is released into the bloodstream from the pancreas and signals the liver to begin absorbing the excess glucose and storing it as glycogen. Alternatively, when blood sugar is too low, the hormone glucagon is released from the pancreas and signals to the liver to begin breaking down glycogen into glucose, and releasing it into the blood. 4 of 7

5 BOX 2 Chemical Structure Shown on Box 2: 1. Lipid(1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids) Accessory Organ within Box 2: Gallbladder Explanation of how the Accessory Organ is involved in regulating or digesting the chemical structure shown on the box: 5 of 7

6 The gallbladder plays a very important part in the digestion of lipids. Once the liver has produced bile(an emulsifier), it is secreted into the gall bladder, where it is stored.when acid chyme containing lipids is formed in the stomach, the hormone CKK is released from the walls of the duodenal and signal to the gall bladder to release bile.this bile goes to break down the lipids into fat droplets through emulsification, which will then be further broken down by the enzyme lipase(which is made in the pancreas). BOX 3 6 of 7

7 Chemical Structures Shown on Box 3: 1. Lipid( 1 glycerol+ 3 fatty acids) 2. Nucleotide 3. Carbohydrate 4. Protein(polypeptide chain)_ Accessory Organ within Box 3: Pancreas Explanation of how the Accessory Organ is involved in regulating or digesting the chemical structures shown on the box: The pancreas is a very important organ in the digestive system, because it plays a role in the digestion of all 4 major organic molecules(carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids). When food is chewed and swallowed, it travels down to the esophagus, past the cardiac sphincter and into the stomach, where it is churned into acid chyme, and then slowly released into the duodenum(upper part of the small intestine). Once the duodenal has food in it, it sends a message to the pancreas to begin producing the necessary pancreatic juices to further digest the food in the duodenal. Trypsin is produced and then secreted into the duodenum to break down proteins into peptides. Pancreatic Amylase is secreted from the pancreas to break down starches into maltose, and nuclease breaks down nucleic acids into nucleotides. Finally, after bile secreted from the gall bladder has emulsified lipids to fat droplets, the enzyme lipase(also produced in the pancreas) comes in to break down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids. 7 of 7