5-HT , 杨玉辉. Review of effects of L-tryptophan and its metabolite 5-hydroxytryptamine on intestinal function

Transcription

1 5 7 Vol. 5 No Journal of Food Safety and Quality Jul., HT 1, 李小兰 2 1,, 江敏 2 1,, 阮征 2* 1,, 杨玉辉 2 1,, 周艳 2, 印遇龙 1, 2, 3 (1. ( ), ; 2., ; 3., ) 摘要 :, 5-, : 5- ;,,,, 5- 关键词 : L- ; 5- ; ; ; Review of effects of L-tryptophan and its metabolite 5-hydroxytryptamine on intestinal function LI Xiao-Lan 1, 2, JIANG Min 1, 2, RUAN Zheng 1, 2*, YANG Yu-Hui 1, 2, ZHOU Yan 1, 2 1, 2, 3, YIN Yu-Long (1. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang , China; 2. College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang , China; 3. Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha , China) ABSTRACT: L-tryptophan is one of the essential amino acids for the human or animal, which is the precus of 5-hydroxytryptamine, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, L-Kynurenine, nicotinic acid and so on. L-tryptophan has two metabolic pathways: the one is kynurenine pathway, the other is 5-hydroxytryptamine pathway. Although the level of tryptophan in human and animal is less, it and its metabolites play the vital role not only on regulating protein synthesis, but also on controlling animal appetite, adjusting the immune response, and improving mood and cognitive function. In recent years, the application of tryptophan and its metabolites is becoming more and more widely. L-tryptophan has been widely applied in food, feedstuff, medicine and other fields. In this paper, the effects of L-tryptophan and its metabolite 5-hydroxytryptamine on animal intestinal immune, intestinal peristalsis and irritable bowel syndrome were summarized. KEY WORDS: L-tryptophan; 5-hydroxytryptamine; intestinal immunity; intestinal peristalsis; irritable bowel syndrome 基金项目 : ( ) Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China ( ) * 通讯作者 :,,, ruanzheng@ncu.edu.cn *Corresponding author: RUAN Zheng, Professor, Nanchang University, 235, East Nanjing Street, Nanchang , China. ruanzheng@ncu.edu.cn

2 引言 (Tryptophan, Trp) Hokinst 1902, α- -β-, C 11 H 12 N 2 O 2, , 1 Trp L D DL [1], L,, D DL, D, L-Trp, 8,,,, TRP,, 5-HT [2-4], 5-HT [5], [6] 5-HT, 5-HT, 1 Fig. 1 The structural formula of tryptophan 2 色氨酸分解代谢的主要途径 L-Trp,, L-Trp : ; 5- (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) [7], 2 [8], 95% Trp 2 L- Fig. 2 The catabolic pathways of L- tryptophan : 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine); 5-HIAA (5-hydroxyindole acetic acid); HIOMT (Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase); IDO (indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase); KAT (Kynurenine aminotransferase); Kyna (kynurenic acid); L-Kyn (L-Kynurenine); MT (N-acetyl-5 -methoxytryptamine); MAO (monoamine oxidase); NAHT (N-Acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine); SNAT (N-acetyltransferase); Trp (Tryptophan); TPH (Tryptophan hydroxylase); TDO (Tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase);

3 7, : 5-HT 1999 ; 2%~3% 1%~2% ( ) 5-HT( ) [9] L-Trp 5-HT L-Trp 5-HT 2.1 色氨酸代谢产物 5-HT 的合成 5-HT Trp, Trp 5-HT 95%, 90% (Enterochromaffin cell, EC) [10,11], 10% [12,13], 5-HT, EC [14] EC Trp Trp, (Tryptophan hydroxylase, TPH) 5- (5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-HTP), 5-HTP 5-HT TPH 5-HT, TPH1 TPH2, TPH1 EC, TPH2 [15] 2.2 色氨酸代谢产物 5-HT 的释放 5-HT EC, 5-HT EC, 5-HT [16] EC 5-HT : 1) 5-HT EC 5-HT 5-HT (Serotonin transporter, SERT) ; 5-HT, 5-HT 5-HT3 [17], 5-HT 5-HT4 5-HT1p [18] ; 2) 5-HT EC 5-HT ; 5-HT SERT, 5- (5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, 5-HIAA), 5-HIAA, EC SERT [10] HT 再摄取转运蛋白 5-HT (Serotonin transporter, SERT) 5-HT, EC 5-HT, 5-HT 5-HT, SERT [10], 5-HT SERT, SERT mrna, 5-HT [19] 5-HT,,,,,, [20] 3 色氨酸及其代谢产物 5-HT 对肠道功能的影响,,, 5-HT, (irritable bowel syndrome, IBS) 3.1 色氨酸及其代谢产物 5-HT 对免疫功能的影响, 8,,, [21,22,23] [24], 5-HT TPH 5-HT, TPH,, TPH1 Nowak [25] TPH1, TPH1, 4 T T 1 T 17 [26] Perianayagam [27] 5-HT α, Melchior [28],, L-Trp T T [29], Trp 5-HT 5-HT2A [30],, HT 对肠道蠕动的影响 5-HT, EC [10-13] ( ) EC 5-HT,

4 2000 5,, 5-HT : 1) 5-HT3 5-HT3,, Cα 2+, [31],, 5-HT3, [32] ; 2) 5-HT4 5-HT4, EC [33],, 5-HT4,, 5-HT4 [34] ; 3) 5-HT TPH1 TPH2 5-HT,, TPH1 TPH2 TPH2,, 5-HT [35] Chalazonitis [36] TPH2 γ- 5-HT, 5-HT 5-HT, 5-HT 5-HT 5-HT Morita [37] 5-HT3 5-HT4 Sia [38] 5-HT3 5-HT4, 5-HT 5-HT, 5-HT 5-HT3 5-HT4 5-HT [39] Spencer [40], 5-HT, 5-HT, 5-HT, HT 对 IBS 的影响 5-HT, IBS IBS, 5-HT Atkinson [41], IBS(IBS-D) 5-HT 5-HT, IBS-D 5-HT, IBS(IBS-C) 5-HT Damen [42] A2, IBS-D 5-HT Moskwa [43], IBS IBS 5-HT IBS IBS 5-HT, Maes [44] 5-HT /, 5-HT α 1 A 5-HT IBS 5-HT IBS 5-HT 5-HT, 5-HT3 5-HT4 IBS 5-HT3, 5-HT3,, P [45], 5-HT3, IBS [46] 5-HT4,, 5-HT4, IBS [47] 5-HT IBS SERT 5-HT SERT 5-HT Kerckhoffs [48] SERT TPH1 mrna SERT IBS [49] 5- SERTmRNA, 5-HT IBS [50] SERT, SERT 4 展望,,, 5-HT 5-HIAA Kyn,,

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