M E D I C A L T E R M I N O L O G Y

Transcription

1 URINARY SYSTEM M E D I C A L T E R M I N O L O G Y

2 Is the organ system which produces, stores and eliminates waste. Is responsible for waste excretion in the form of urine

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4 Fluid Intake Is necessary in order for the body to function Can be completed by: oral intake, drinking water or eating food intravenous intake receiving fluid through an IV which is the injection of fluid into the vein in a hospital Fun Fact: It is recommended that you drink eight glasses of water per day, which equals out to approximately 60 to 70 ounces or two quarts.

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6 Is completed by: Vomiting, sweating, feces, urine Exhaled vapor Terms Concerning Urine Output polyuria increased urine output oliguria decreased urine output anuria complete lack of urine secretion

7 dysuria- difficult or painful urination hematuria- blood in the urine diuresis- increased excretion of urine urinary incontinence- involuntary release of urine urinary retention- inability to fully empty the bladder enuresis Involuntary discharge of urine

8 Pathology (path/o=disease -ology=study of) Cystitis (cyst/o=bladder -itis=inflammation) Urinary Bladder inflammation-simple bladder infection Dysuria, frequency, hematuria Diagnostic Procedures UA (urinalysis) urin/o=urine -lysis=to destroy Laboratory test consisting of the physical chemical and microscopic examination of urine C&S (urine culture and sensitivity) Attempt to grow bacteria on a culture in order to identify it and then determine which antibiotics to use

9 nitrites, leukocyte esterase, and bacteria highly suggestive of a urinary tract infection

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11 Medications- Cipro, Macrobid- classified as an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract. Pyridium, Urogesic- classified as an analgesic relieves pain-its non narcotic

12 UTI-Urinary Tract Infection (urin/o=urine -ary=pertaining to) Infection usually from bacteria. Most often begins with cystitis and may ascend into ureters and kidneys. Most common in women due to their short urethra. Diagnostic Procedures UA (urinalysis) urin/o=urine -lysis=to destroy C&S (urine culture and sensitivity) Medications- Cipro, Macrobid- classified as an Antibiotic Pyridium, Urogesic- classified as an Analgesic

13 Kidney Stone(nephrolithiasis) nephr/o=kidney lithiasis=condition of stones Presence of calculi in the kidney begins with solidification of salts present in the urine Diagnostic Procedure UA C&S KUB kidneys, ureters, bladder X-ray of the abdomen demonstrating the kidneys, ureters, and bladder without contrast dye IVP-(intravenous pyelography) intra=within ven/o=vein - ous=pertaining to pyel/o=renal pelvis -graph=recording X-ray procedure in which a dye is injected into a vein and the x-rays are taken to visualize the renal pelvis as the dye is removed by the kidneys

14 KUB AND KIDNEY STONES

15 IVP

16 RENAL FAILURE (REN/O=KIDNEY -AL=PERTAINING TO) Inability of the kidneys to filter waste from the blood resulting in Uremia (a raised level in the blood of urea and other nitrogenous waste compounds that are normally eliminated by the kidneys) Maybe Acute or Chronic Acute Causes: Blood or fluid loss Blood pressure medications Heart attack Heart disease Infection Chronic Diabetes Hypertension Polycystic kidney disease

17 Hemodialysis Use of an artificial kidney machine that filters the blood of a person to remove waste products. *Use of this technique in patients who have defective kidneys is life saving

18 Polycystic Kidneys (poly=many cyst=pouch -tic=pertaining to) is an inherited kidney disorder that causes formation of cysts within the kidney tissue. Results in destruction of normal kidney tissue and uremia. Eventually could cause kidney failure Diagnostic: abdominal ultrasound abdominal CT scan abdominal MRI scan intravenous pyelogram: With advanced PKD that causes renal failure, dialysis and kidney transplant may be necessary.

19 Treatments/Medications: Some of the treatment options may include: pain medication, except Ibuprofen, which is not recommended as it may worsen kidney disease blood pressure medication antibiotics to treat UTIs a low sodium diet diuretics to help remove excess fluid from the body Lasix or Aldactone: classified as a diuretic Increases the volume of urine produced by the kidneys surgery to drain cysts and help relieve discomfort

20 Wilm's Tumor Malignant kidney tumor most often found in children Also known as nephroblastoma, it's the most common cancer of the kidneys in children. Wilms' tumor most often affects children ages 3 to 4 and becomes much less common after age 5.It's not clear what causes Wilms' tumor, but in rare cases, heredity may play a role. Cancer begins when cells develop errors in their DNA. The errors allow the cells to grow and divide uncontrollably and to go on living when other cells would die. The accumulating cells form a tumor. In Wilms' tumor, this process occurs in the kidney cells. In rare cases, the errors in DNA that lead to Wilms' tumor are passed from a parent to the child. In most cases, there is no known connection between parents and children that may lead to cancer. TREATMENT Surgery, chemo, and radiation

21 MISC: Urologist- a physician specialized in treating conditions and diseases of the urinary system and male reproductive system Nephrologist-specialist in treatment of kidney disorder Cystoscope- Instrument used to visually examine the bladder Ditropan: classified as an antispasmodic -reduces bladder spasms in the bladder