This program is supported by an educational grant from Janssen Biotech Inc., Shire, Inc., and a sponsorship from Takeda

Transcription

1

2 This program is supported by an educational grant from Janssen Biotech Inc., Shire, Inc., and a sponsorship from Takeda

3 Today s Presenter Adam S. Cheifetz, MD Director, Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Associate Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School

4 Program Goals Help you understand ulcerative colitis and its effects Review current treatments, including medications, and surgery Share resources to answer your questions and provide support

5 Overview of Ulcerative Colitis Type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Chronic, relapsing disease of colon (large intestine) that leads to inflammation and ulceration in bowel lining About half of the cases are mild Flares may alternate with symptom-free periods Usually requires treatment to obtain and maintain remission with IBD

6 What Are the Potential Causes? Genetic Predisposition Environmental Factors Immune System Abnormalities

7 Risk Factors and Frequency Occurs at any age, often in the 30 s, with a second peak in 50 s or 60 s Affects all ethnic backgrounds; More common in Caucasians and Ashkenazi Jews Equally common in women and men Higher risk for patients with firstdegree relative with UC

8 Diarrhea, mixed with blood and mucous Abdominal pain and cramping Urgency to have a bowel movement Appetite loss, fatigue, weight loss May be intermittent with flare-ups Growth impairment in children Non-intestinal complications Symptoms

9 Disease Pattern Rectum (end part of colon) almost always involved Classified by extent of area affected Patients usually report gradual onset Recurrent attacks between periods of symptom-free remission Triggers include Psychological stress NSAIDs (e.g. Ibuprofen, naproxen) Infections (e.g, C. diff) Appendectomy and smoking appear protective from ulcerative colitis Primarily affects quality of life, not lifespan

10 Classification (Extent) of Ulcerative Colitis Proctitis: involvement limited to rectum Proctosigmoiditis: involves rectum and sigmoid colon (lower segment) Left-sided colitis: extends from rectum and entire left colon Pancolitis: involves the whole colon UC usually affects one continuous section of the colon beginning with the rectum. Illustration Copyright 2014 Nucleus Medical Media. All rights reserved

11 Disease Severity Over 10 stools daily, continuous bleeding, abdominal pain, distension; systemic toxicity; potentially fatal Over 6 bloody stools daily, fever, increased heart rate, anemia, weight loss 4 6 stools daily, moderate abdominal pain, anemia Up to 4 loose stools, may be bloody; mild abdominal pain

12 Extra-intestinal Manifestations May include:

13 Extra-intestinal Manifestations May include: Eyes

14 Extra-intestinal Manifestations May include: Eyes Mouth

15 Extra-intestinal Manifestations May include: Eyes Mouth Joints

16 Extra-intestinal Manifestations May include: Eyes Mouth Joints Skin

17 Extra-intestinal Manifestations May include: Eyes Mouth Joints Skin Bones Kidneys Liver

18 Extra-intestinal Manifestations May include: Eyes Mouth Joints Skin Bones Kidneys Liver Vascular system

19 Managing your Symptoms: Treatment Options Over-the-Counter Aminosalicylates Corticosteroids Immunomodulators Biologics

20 Poll Question #1 My treatment regimen includes: A) Corticosteroids B) Aminosalicylates C) Immunomodulators D) Biologics E) Two or more of the above

21 Over-The-Counter (OTC) Medications Over-the-Counter Aminosalicylates Corticosteroids Immunomodulators Biologics Address symptoms only Anti-diarrheal agents Laxatives Pain relievers NSAIDs may cause or worsen GI irritation Talk with your physician before taking OTC meds

22 Aminosalicylates Over-the-Counter Aminosalicylates Corticosteroids Immunomodulators Biologics Effective for mild-moderate active disease Few serious side effects Useful in maintaining remission Medications: Sulfasalazine (Azulfadine ) Oral Olsalazine (Dipentum ) Oral Balsalazide (Colazal, Giazo ) Oral Mesalamine (Apriso, Asacol, Asacol HD, Canasa, Delzicol, Lialda, Pentasa, Rowasa ) Oral or Rectal formulations

23 Corticosteroids Over-the-Counter Aminosalicylates Corticosteroids Immunomodulators Biologics Moderate-to-severe disease Short-term control of flares Risks include Infection Sleep disturbance and mood swings Neurological changes Changes in physical appearance Growth delays Bone loss and fracture Medications: Budesonide (Entocort, Uceris ) Oral Hydrocortisone (Cortenema, Cortifoam ) Enema, oral, intravenous Methylprednisolone (Medrol ) Oral or intravenous Prednisone, Oral

24 Immunomodulators Over-the-Counter Aminosalicylates Corticosteroids Immunomodulators Biologics Steroid-sparing agents, used in maintenance Also used if no response to aminosalicylates May take 6 to 12 weeks to work Medications (oral): Azathioprine (Imuran, Azasan ) 6-mercaptopurine (Purinethol )

25 Over-the-Counter Aminosalicylates Corticosteroids Immunomodulators Biologics Biological Therapies Block inflammation or stimulate antiinflammation Similar to biologic chemicals in body Effective for patients who Do not respond to standard therapy No longer respond to standard therapies Maintaining remission Tapering off of steroids Medications: Anti-TNF Infliximab (Remicade ) intravenous Adalimumab (Humira ) injection Golimumab (Simponi ) injection Anti-adhesion molecule Vedolimumab (Entyvio ) intravenous

26 Risks of Anti-TNFs and Immunomodulators (IMs) If 10,000 patients were treated for 1 year Event Estimated Frequency NHL (baseline) 2/10,000 NHL (on IMs) 4-9/10,000 NHL (on anti-tnf with prior IMs) 4-9/10,000 Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma Unknown Death from sepsis (lower for younger patients) 4/1,000 Tuberculosis 5/10,000 Anti-TNF, anti-tumor necrosis factor; IMs, immunomodulators; NHL, non-hodgkin lymphoma. Table adapted from Siegel CA. In Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Translating Basic Science Into Clinical Practice. Wiley, 2010.

27 Treatment Goals Improve Quality of Life Disease Monitoring and Prevention Maintenance of Remission Induce remission

28 Location, Location, Location Rectum often responsible for most nagging symptoms Frequency Urgency Night-time bowel movements Tenesmus Rectal therapy can minimize these symptoms Enema Suppository Foam

29 Treatment Strategies Monotherapy Single medication treatment Combination therapy Multiple medication treatment Biologic and immunomodulator Choice of strategy dependent on Disease severity Patient s considerations Severe Moderate Mild Disease severity at presentation

30 Surgery Option for patients not responding to medication (less than 25% of cases) Risk of pouchitis and pouch function issues Possible approaches: Proctocolectomy Removal of entire colon Small intestine brought to abdominal wall (ostomy) Patient wears an appliance to catch waste Ileoanal anastomosis Preserves normal bowel function Creates internal pouch from small intestine; requires stages of surgery Illustration of ostomy site

31 Colorectal Cancer Risk UC a risk factor for colorectal cancer Increases after 8 10 years from UC onset More common as extent, length of disease and severity of UC increases Surveillance colonoscopies recommended for UC patients Recommendations At least left-sided colitis: 8 years after diagnosis Primary sclerosing cholangitis: At diagnosis Colonoscopies every 1-3 years Inflammation is risk factor for colorectal cancer; medications treating inflammation may reduce risk

32 Common Tests to Diagnose and Manage Ulcerative Colitis Diagnostic testing Fecal samples (presence of bacteria, parasites, markers of inflammation) Blood samples (complete blood count, inflammatory markers, liver and kidney function tests) Endoscopy Gold standard for UC diagnosis Flexible scope inserted into rectum Sigmoidoscope examines lower third of colon Colonoscope examines entire colon Biopsies taken during these procedures to examine for inflammation and pre-cancer Visual examination Radiographs (plane films) CT scans or MRI (provides more detail than x-rays) Barium enema or small bowel series

33 UC Impact on Quality of Life: Long-Term Medication Prescription Medications Potential Side Effects Aminosalicylates Biologics Immunomodulators Steroid (Not for maintenance treatment; 3 4 months usual limit) Over-the-Counter Medications Headache or GI upset; very rare kidney allergy, pancreatitis, pericarditis Infusion or injection site reaction, infection, skin cancer, psoriasis, lymphoma Nausea, can affect blood counts or liver tests, pancreatitis, allergy, lymphoma, skin cancer, infection Weight gain, moon face, increased blood pressure, suppressed immune system, increased infection risk Potential Side Effects Anti-diarrheals NSAIDs aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others) or naproxen (Aleve) May increase risk of toxic megacolon Can cause flares or worsen symptoms (even short-term)

34 UC Impact on Quality of Life Examples of common challenges Unpredictable episodes of diarrhea, bleeding, cramping Sudden urgency to use restroom Temptation to avoid travel or activity Overcoming fear of being in public Maintaining social interaction to enhance self image Helpful tips Advance planning on personal supplies Know bathroom locations Exercise between flare-ups (consult your doctor) Take your medications as directed by your doctor Avoid foods that aggravate symptoms Talk to your doctor about your diet and any nutrient deficiencies

35 Healthcare Maintenance Vaccines Generally, follow recommended immunization schedule Some live vaccines (with active viruses) may need to be avoided in some UC patients taking: Corticosteroids Immunomodulators Biologic therapies Talk to your doctor about risks and benefits Bone care (bone density) Risk for bone loss /osteoporosis; potential factors: Corticosteroids Inflammation Vitamin D deficiency Cancer Screening Skin exams and sun block (immunomodulators and anti-tnf_ Regular pap smears (immunomodulators) Colon cancer screening Laboratory Monitoring

36 Strengthen Communication with Your Doctor Questions to Ask Your Doctor What parts of my bowel are affected? What treatment plan is suitable for me? What side effects from medication may occur? How soon do symptoms subside? Should I change my diet or take supplements? Would you recommend probiotics? Are there any restrictions on my activities? How often do I need a follow-up colonoscopy?

37 Poll Question #2 How comfortable do you feel discussing concerns about managing ulcerative colitis with your doctor? A) Very comfortable B) Comfortable C) Somewhat comfortable D) Not comfortable at all

38 Key Points on Ulcerative Colitis Chronic, relapsing disease of colon (large intestine) leading to inflammation and ulceration in bowel lining Symptoms and prognosis differ for each person Know the goals of your treatment strategies Talk to your doctor about monitoring your disease Prepare for your visits create checklists for your care Have open communication with your healthcare team

39 References References CCFA website: CCFA website: Rubin, DT. Treatment Options in IBD webcast: treatmentswebcast.html Understanding Ulcerative Colitis Webcast (2014)- program Co-sponsored by CCFA with AGA institute Living with Ulcerative Colitis, Patient Brochure, updated August CCFA The Facts About Inflammatory Bowel Disease, December, CCFA Additional Resources Treatment and Self-Management: Community Site: Irwin M. and Suzanne R. Rosenthal IBD Resource Center (IBD Help Center): or Contributors Adam Cheifetz, MD- Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Millie Long, MD- Assistant Professor of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine American Gastroenterological Association Institute

40 Question and Answer Session

41 CCFA Resources Irwin M. and Suzanne R. Rosenthal IBD Resource Center (IBD Help Center) M-F, 9:00 AM-5:00 PM ET Phone: Educational webcasts: Connect with other patients CCFA Community website: Support groups and Power of Two (peer mentors): GI Buddy Online tracking tool and mobile app Local educational events, visit:

42 Registry of patient-reported outcomes Available for pediatric and adult patients

43 AGA Resources Patient Center: Patient guide to GI procedures: Patient guide to GI Conditions and Diseases:

44 Get Involved!