National Strategies for Controlling Avian Influenza Viruses

Transcription

1 National Strategies for Controlling Avian Influenza Viruses Viet Nam

2 Background information Animal population Major animal diseases of concerns

3 Population of Livestock in Viet Nam Year Buffalo Cattle Pigs Unit: Thousand heads Goat/ Sheep Poultry Million birds Source: GSO,

4 Major animal diseases of concerns HPAI FMD CSF Rabies PRRS Newcastle disease Sheep and goat pox o o o o o o o o o Anthrax Leptospirosis Streptococcus suis Haemorrhagic septicaemia Gumboro Duck hepatitis Bee diseases Aquatic diseases Others

5 Influenza outbreaks history

6 H5N1 Influenza outbreaks history in Viet Nam Humans Poultry Year # of cases Fatal # of #of # of infected deaths/disposed outbreaks provinces (bird) ~ ~ NA NA NA Total ~ 60,000,000 Source: WHO, FAO VN & DAH (May 2014) 6

7 Temporal distribution of HPAI H5N1 in Viet Nam (From 12/12/ /8/2013) 1 st Wave 2003/04 45 mil. Poultry culled + 13 mil. quails 2 nd Wave 2004/05 2 mil. Poultry culled 3 rd Wave late mil. Poultry culled 4 th Wave 2006/07 99,040 Poultry culled 2003: 03 human cases (03 fatal) 2004: 29 human cases (20 fatal) 2005: 61 human cases (19 fatal) 2006: No human cases reported 2007: 08 human cases (05 fatal) 2008: 06 human cases (05 fatal) 2009: 05 human cases (05 fatal) 2010: 07 human cases (02 fatal) 2011: No human cases reported 2012: 04 human cases (02 fatal) 2013: 02 human cases (02 fatal) Total: 125 human cases (63 fatal) 5 th Wave mid ,188 Poultry culled 0 12 Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug 13 Source: Dr. Nguyen Van Long, DAH 7

8 Temporal distribution of HPAI H5N1 in 2014 The number of H5N1 outbreaks increased in early Feb., 2014 and at peak on 25 Feb., The outbreaks were controlled in March and the last outbreak occurred in An Định commune, Mỏ Cày Nam district of Bến Tre province on 21 March,2014. Source: Pham Thanh Long, (DAH 2014) 8

9 Summary of H5N1 virus strains in Viet Nam (humans) Year Viet Nam cases with Clade 1 virus cases with Clade 1 virus 1 case with clade virus 2006 No human case cases with clade virus 2011 One healthy women positive with clade (NIHE) cases with Clade 1.1 (Pasteur Institute of HCMC) cases with Clade case with Clade (WHO, 20 Feb, 2014) 1 case with Clade C (WHO, 20 Feb, 2014) Source: NIHE, Pasteur Institute of HCMC,WHO 9

10 Summary of H5N1 virus strains in Viet Nam (poultry) Year North South Introduction of HPAI H5N1 viruses to Vietnam Clade 1 virus was the majority. Complete shift of clade from 1 to Clade 7 virus detected in smuggled chicken Multiple sub-lineages of clade virus were identified The introduction of clade which was similar to Mongolia, Hong Kong, etc. Complete shift from clade to with sub-lineages A, B, C Clade 1 virus remains as majority, and continues to evolve. Clade 2.3.2/2.3.4 were occasionally detected Clade C virus remains as majority Clade C virus remains as majority Clade 1.1 in some outbreaks 10 Source: Epi. Div., DAH

11 National control strategy Following the National Plan for HPAI control and prevention during with the goal: To limit the HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in small scope together with HPAI free establishments that will prepare for next step of HPAI elimination after Particular objectives: To minimize outbreaks in high-risk area and until 2015, 60% of provinces/cities will be at low-risk. To 2018, 80% of provinces/cities will be at low-risk. South eastern area of Viet Nam will be free from HPAI H5N1.

12 National surveillance programme

13 Active surveillance on HPAI in Vietnam during OIE Asia Pacific Wild bird sanctuary areas (Nam Định, Bạc Liêu, Cà Mau, Đồng Tháp) Poultry farms 30 km of radius surrounding the wild bird sampling point Live bird market 30 km of radius surrounding the wild bird sampling point Poultry production chain Breeder poultry Commercial birds (eggs, broiler) Slaughter points Live bird market National programmes Vietnam UN Joint programme (Phase II) Spent hens FAO/RAS/604/USA Source: Pham Thanh Long (DAH, 2014) Consumer * Projects: VAHIP, GETS, NZAID Programmes of individual provinces 13

14 A summary of H5N1 virus surveillance on poultry from % (VAHIP project, on 20,388 pooled swabs) 4.24% (VAHIP project, on 2,357 pooled swabs) Year 1.31% (FAO, on 664 pooled swabs) 4.07% (FAO, on 3,896 pooled swabs) 5.68% (FAO, on 40,610 pooled swabs) 5.89% (FAO, on 13,660 pooled swabs) Source: Pham Thanh Long (DAH, 2014) 14

15 Laboratory diagnosis A list of Avian influenza diagnostic laboratories in Viet Nam: National Center for Veterinary Diagnostics (NCVD) 07 labs of 07 Regional Centre of Animal Health (RAHO) National Institute for Veterinary Research (NIVR) Sub-NIVR in Nha Trang (Central region) Labs of Vet-faculties of Agricultural Universities Some labs of Sub-Department of Animal Health offices

16 Laboratory diagnosis A list of tests for Avian influenza diagnosis in Viet Nam: Virus/antigen detection: RT-PCR, Real-time RT PCR, Rapid test Virus isolation in chicken eggs, cell cultures Sequencing (RAHO 6, National Institute for Bio-technology, ) Serology: HI, ELISA.

17 Vaccination programme (if relevant) Re-5 and Re-6 Chinese vaccines, Navet-vifluvac: are being used for routine vaccination programme by individual provinces/cities Re-5 and Re-6 Chinese vaccines: are being applied for ring vaccination of outbreaks

18 Lessons learnt Strong political commitment and leadership from the Government Establishment of the National Steering Committee for Avian Influenza Prevention and Control (NSCAIPC); Political systems from Central to grassroots levels were called upon, resulted in: Clear chain of command; and Quick response activities, i.e. funds release, human resources, etc.; Several missions led by Cabinet Members dispatched to the field; Experiences in responding to (SARS) in 2003.

19 Lessons learnt Early Detection and Response Emergency reporting system using telephones and faxes; HPAI Reporting Hotline set up in DAH/Sub-DAH; Compensation policy revised; Outbreak containment procedures modified in the light of new knowledge and experiences.

20 Lessons learnt Vaccination With relevant vaccines; Clear strategy for applying; Good monitoring post-vaccination

21 Lessons learnt Information, Education and Communication Communication plays the critical role in raising public awareness; Clear, updated information was disseminated to the public regularly through mass media; Daily updates on disease situation and progress of vaccination published on DAH s website, available in Vietnamese. Various IEC materials were produced and distributed using diverse media to reach diverse audiences. A National and several provincial telephone hotlines, for HPAI were established.

22 Pandemic Preparedness Lessons learnt One lesson learned was that emergency preparedness plans help coordinate local response. In August 2005 MARD released its Avian Influenza Pandemic Preparedness Plan; Control measures would have been done better if a preparedness was available prior to the first outbreak; Integrated National Operational Program of Avian and Human Influenza (OPI) was produced in May 2006 with the participation of various agencies and donors; Practical SOPs for humane culling, biosecurity, etc. are needed.

23 Lessons learnt International supports & collaboration FAO VN has been supporting Viet Nam to combat Avian influenza since 2004 until present; OIE Asia Pacific supported Viet Nam to conduct surveillance in wild birds; ASEAN programme for HPAI control and prevention. USCDC support for H7N9 surveillance. Various bilateral assistances. Others

24 Future plan To adjust legal documents on avian influenza (Circular, technical guidelines of MARD, DAH) Technical solutions Surveillance Outbreak containment Vaccination Quarantine and movement control Bio-security of poultry farms, compartmentalization and free disease zone

25 Improving infrastructure Future plan Education for human resource Reconstruction of poultry industry Improving public awareness by strengthening communication in community Strengthening international collaboration Strengthening multi-sectoral cooperation in terms of One Health approach

26 ありがとうございます THANK YOU 26