KURUKSHETRA JULY 2017 RURAL HEALTH

Transcription

1 KURUKSHETRA JULY 2017 RURAL HEALTH

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3 Jagat Prakash Nadda is the Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare. Immunization, or immunisation, is the process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified Immunization is one of the most cost effective Public Health interventions and largely responsible for reduction of mortality and morbidity rates caused by vaccine preventable diseases. The Eradication of smallpox globally and the elimination of polio, yaws and maternal & neonatal tetanus from our country are clear reminders of the power vaccination in dealing with the scourge of communicable diseases.

4 Notes The polio-free and MNTE-free India that we celebrate today has only been possible due to vaccines and more so because of how we made sure that the vaccines were administered to the children and are now covering even the adults who need them. About Polio It is caused by a virus Poliomyelitis is caused by infection with a member of the genus Enterovirus known as poliovirus It is an RNA Virus Causes Flaccid paralysis No cure Only Vaccine can prevent it

5 Vaccines for Polio OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine) Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) Both are part of Universal Immunization Programme In 1953, American virologist Jonas Salk announced the development of the world s first safe and effective polio vaccine. Salk did not patent his vaccine.

6 Polio in India India received a polio-free certificate from the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2014 As of mid-2016, only Afghanistan, Nigeria and Pakistan have polio cases.

7 India declared Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus and Yaws Free by WHO Tetanus occurs when a bacterium, Clostridium tetani, enters the body through an open wound or puncture. Yaws is a chronic disfiguring and debilitating childhood infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue. WHO declared India free of yaws in May 2016.

8 UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME Universal Immunization Programme is a vaccination program launched by the Government of India in It became a part of Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme in 1992 and is currently one of the key areas under National Rural Health Mission(NRHM) since The program now consists of vaccination for 12 diseases- tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles, Hepatitis B, Diarrhoea, Japanese Encephalitis, rubella, Pneumonia( Heamophilus Influenza Type B)and Pneumococcal diseases (Pneumococcal Pneumonia and Meningitis). Hepatitis B and Pneumococcal diseases was added to the UIP in 2007 and 2017 respectively.

9 Indra Dhanush Government aims to give maximum protection to the children against Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPDs). Hence, Govt has launched Mission Indradhanush in December 2014 to fully immunize more than 89 lakh children who are either unvaccinated or partially vaccinated. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW) has launched Mission Indradhanush on 25th December Aim expanding immunization coverage to all children across India by year Achieve full immunization coverage for all children by 2020 through a Catch-Up campaign

10 Notes The diseases being targeted are diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, poliomyelitis, tuberculosis, measles and Hepatitis B. In addition to these, vaccines for Japanese Encephalitis and Haemophilus influenzae type B are also being provided in selected states. In 2016, four new additions have been made namely Rubella, Japanese Encephalitis, Injectable Polio Vaccine Bivalent and Rotavirus 201 districts will be covered in the first phase.

11 Agency of the United Nations World Health Organization It was established on 7 April 1948, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. Since its creation, WHO has played a leading role in the eradication of smallpox. The Director-General of WHO is Tedros Adhanom who started his five-year term on 1 July 2017

12 Write a note on India s participation in WHO s activities. Also critically examine the role of WHO in addressing various health issues around the world. You guys have to write

13 Safe drinking water Several million more suffer from multiple episodes of diarrhoea and still others fall ill on account of Hepatitis A, enteric fever, intestinal worms and eye and skin infections caused by poor hygiene and unsafe drinking water. Only 18%, and that is restricted to few states only, of the rural households in India receive treated water supply. There is huge interstate variation in such services. For example, in Bihar Assam, Jharkhand, West Bengal and Odisha, the percentage of rural households getting treated tap water within the premises are 2%, 4%,5 %, 6% and 6%

14 Safe drinking water

15 WASH WASH (also called Watsan, WaSH or WSH) stands for "Water, Sanitation and Hygiene" Access to WASH, in particular safe water, supply adequate sanitation, and proper hygiene education, can reduce illness and death, and also impact poverty reduction and socio-economic development. Lack of sanitation contributes to approximately 700,000 child deaths every year due to diarrhea. Chronic diarrhea can have a negative effect on child development (both physical and cognitive). In addition, lack of WASH facilities can prevent students from attending school, impose a burden on women and diminish productivity. The United Nation's International Year of Sanitation in 2008 has helped to increase attention for funding of sanitation in WASH programs of many donors.

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17 Notes Open defecation is a major cause of Fatal diarrhea. Everyday, about 2000 children aged less than five succumb to diarrhea and every 40 seconds, a life is lost. According to UNICEF, India (with more than 700 million people defecating in the open) accounts for 90% of the people in South Asia and 59% of the 1.1 billion people in the world who practice open defecation. Another joint survey by the WHO and the UNICEF indicates that close to 400 million out of (700 million) people in India practice open defecation despite having latrines available. Must change individual behavious.

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