1900-Modern Medical Care: Impact of the NHS

Transcription

1 1900-Modern Medical Care: Impact of the NHS

2 Phase one: What do you know about the NHS? Make a list of the services the NHS offers Improved access to care The main aim of the NHS was to bring health care to the entire nation! Organisation of NHS: 1) Hospitals managed by regional hospital boards 2) GP s & Dentists (Primary Care) 3) Addition services (Ambulance & Health Visitors

3 Cradle to Grave What does this mean? What problems might this new NHS face? It could be said one of the biggest problems would be cost? How will the pay for it?

4 NHS clip 1948 The creation of the NHS was the biggest GOVERNMENT intervention ever! It took over existing hospitals and medical services. It aimed to provide the same level of service to everybody, no matter how rich or poor they were. What is the tone of this headline? How do you interpret it?

5 From Punch, 1948: What can you INFER in this source? Remember to add specific evidence from the source. It tastes awful, Aneurin Bevan, Minister of Health giving the doctors unpleasant medicine 9-1

6 Cartoon from the Daily Mirror, May 1946 What is the message of this source? 7 August 1945, Mr Aneurin Bevan s appointment as Minister of Health is not welcome in certain circles

7 Women at home raising families were previously not entitled to treatment, Children could now be treated for minor problems before any lasting damage Most hospitals were in London or the South East, leaving many people out of reach Opposition from doctors and surgeons who worried they would lose pay having to work for the government not themselves Initial Problems Many GP surgeries needed modernised as well as raising standards of GPs as they were behind the times having no time to read latest research. Britain had very little money following WW2. The country was damaged so investing in medical care was even more difficult Impact of ww2 clip The Government was now responsible for c.2700 hospitals, many of which had been built in 19 th and so needed updating desperately More and more people were now visiting their GPs leading to massive waiting times and appointment delays Initial problems So Access had improved because the NHS was available to ALL, however the provision (delivery) had not in the short term. The government promised to build more hospitals around the country and introduced the GPs Charter in 1966 to encourage GPs to work in group practices and gave them incentives to keep up to date on medical developments. The government had to manage the NHS not just fund it, leading to improvements in standards of care

8 Problems with the NHS today Around the room are articles which highlight many of the problems that the NHS faces. You have 15 minutes to use them to identify as many problems as possible. Write these in your books. Make sure you also bullet point some of the facts and cases to use as evidence later.

9 Phase two: High-tech medical and surgical treatments in hospitals What do these pictures represent?

10 Create your own version of this table Using this evidence, answer the following question: EXPLAIN how technology has improved medical and surgical treatments 3 PEEL paragraphs

11 Using these 2 interpretations and your own knowledge, come up with an argument for both sides of the debate. Debate: The Impact of the NHS The NHS has had a significant impact on illness and disease in Britain The NHS has made no impact Extra Points: Perhaps you might want to put it on a scale of impact ranging from significant down to none?

12 Summary The extent of change in care and treatment Looking back to 17 th Century, when Thomas Sydenham imagined a world in which each disease would have its own treatment, the change in the way diseases have been treated is immense. In the 20 th Century, medical science made a huge leap forward towards Sydenham s dream. In 1900, 25% of deaths were caused by infectious diseases. By 1900, it was less than 1%. Scientists continue to face similar problems when developing treatments as in 19 th Century Alternative Remedies: Homeopathy, acupuncture and herbal medicines are increasingly popular today as a result of new diseases It is very difficult to develop a vaccine against some viruses. A different flu vaccine is available every year in response to the most common strain at that time New diseases keep appearing, which do not respond to any chemical treatments so scientists have to go back to the lab and test compounds in hope Lifestyle factors have caused an increase in illnesses such a heart disease and cancer, for which there are no certain cures Microbes (living organisms) have evolved to beat some of the cures doctors have been using. This has led to drug resistant bacteria such as MRSA and TB once again on the rise in the UK Create a brain storm of problems scientists face today

13 Summary Improved access to care In c.1900, most sick people were still cared for in the home by women. Doctors had to be paid and so were only used for serious illness. The situation improved slowly during the first half of the 20 th Century. In 1919, the government set up the Ministry of Health to help determine the level of health across the country. In 1948, the NHS made medical services FREE at the point of service. This gave EVERYBODY access to medical care and treatment. However, the introduction of the NHS made it clear, once and for all, that hospitals were just for treating the sick, in earlier periods, hospitals had been places for the elderly to rest. Add this knowledge to your overview tables 9-1

14 Treatment of disease and care of the sick completely changed after c1800. Homework: Exam question How far do you agree with this statement? [16 Marker] You may use the following in your answer: (don t forget the 3 rd of your own) Magic Bullets The NHS Due: The exam mats are available to help you:

15 9-1 Preventing Disease

16 Preventi0n By c1900, there were many different approaches to preventing disease. Laissez Faire was dead WHY? Examples: Clean water, removing waste, public health act, investing in science (Germ Theory) Increased understanding of causes Increased understanding of methods of prevention Now we know what causes disease, the government recognises that its intervention can have an impact. Without this understanding, they may not have intervened or changed things. Now causes were understood, methods of prevention could now be tested and introduced. Government introductions: Compulsory vaccinations - inspired by the smallpox vaccination, other campaigns were launched in the 20 th Century Passing laws to provide a healthy environment Clean air act, chemical flouride to water supply, smoking ban etc Communicating health risks during times of global epidemics (ebola ), government tracked travellers and put quarantine measures in place. Telling the people of the risks have become key in preventing disease Charities British Heart Foundation creates adverts encouraging people to protect their heart by giving up smoking, eating less fat and exercising

17 Vaccination Campaigns: The national vaccination campaign against diphtheria was launched in 1942 the first of its kind. Before this, local governments were responsible for vaccination campaigns but were not funded by government so were not widespread children died each year as a result of diphtheria. During WW2, the government put in a campaign to immunise every child, because of this infection rates plummeted and diphtheria was a disease of the past. Another significant campaign was against Polio, a very contagious disease that causes paralysis. In the 1950s, there were 8000 cases a year. The first vaccine, developed in the USA was introduced in 1956, followed by a better one in The last person to get Polio in Britain was in 1984! Other vaccines are aimed at protecting future generations, Rubella (German Measles) is not life threatening, but can affect unborn babies. HPV vaccine protects women against infection from an STD that has been linked to cervical cancer. Design a poster using this (and / or) previous knowledge to encourage people to get vaccinated

18 9-1 Government legislation (Passing LAWS) Clean Air Act of 1956 and 1968 triggered by particularly bad smog in London caused by air pollution when everybody burned coal to heat their homes. Smog could cover a city for days. What has the government introduced recently to add to these acts? Smoking ban inside all public buildings 1 July 2007 Limiting car emissions (taxing dirtier cars more) Government lifestyle campaigns: As well as providing direct intervention to prevent disease, the government also aims to help people prevent disease themselves by promoting healthier lifestyles Advertising campaigns warning against dangers to health such as smoking, binge drinking, drug use and unprotected sex Stoptober Encourages people to stop smoking for a month Exercise & Healthy Eating campaigns Such as the change4life (5 a day) campaigns

19 Checkpoint: