Al-Mustansiriyah University
|
|
- Elwin Sims
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Al-Mustansiriyah University Monday 27/2/2017 College of Medicine Small Group Learning Committee/ Department of Microbiology Year 3/ Semester 2 / Case#2 An 18-year-old lady living in a rural area outside Baghdad develops severe profuse watery (about 8 L /day) diarrhea simulating "rice water", associated with vomiting, generalized weakness and oliguria. Learning Objectives/ Questions: 1. What is the most likely cause of her diarrhea? 2. Describe the Morphology & staining reaction, Cultural Characteristics, Viability, Classification, Antigenic structure & Toxins for these bacteria. 3. Analyze the disease Pathogenicity. 4. Outline the Laboratory Diagnosis for these bacteria. 5. Talk about the prevention, control, Treatment, Prognosis & Vaccine for these bacteria. Vibrio cholerae the causative agent of cholera Morphology & staining reaction: It was first discovered byfilippopacini in Italy in 1854 Gram ve non spore-forming, serotype O1 is non capsulated, while serotype O139 is capsulated, short curved rods comma-shape, x µ. After repeated subculture, It has 2 chromosomes, one large (~3m. base pairs) and one small (~1.1m. base pairs). The vibrios are very actively motile due to single long terminal polar flagellum. The movement is of a darting type On repeated subculture,the vibrios frequently lose their curved shape and are not different from coliform bacilli, involution also occurs readily and globular club-shaped or irregular forms may be observed, but resume their characteristic curved form when passed through animal host. During the logarithmic phase, the organism do not show any change in form, but at the end of the logarithmic phase and at the beginning of the stationary phase; the cell starts producing toxins and accompanied by internal swelling of the cell.
2 Cultural Characteristics: Strongly aerobic, temperature range C, no growth at 16 0 C Grow best at alkaline ph; which is sufficient high to inhibit pathogenic organisms. While, on the other hand it is highly sensitive to acidic ph, as ph 6.0 or less will sterilize cultures. Resistant to bile salts, bismuth sulphite, tellurite and high alkalinity making advantage for preparing selective media. Sensitive to 7% NaCl. The enrichment media used for cultivation are: 1. Alkaline peptone water; ph , lead to formation of pellicle. 2. Alkaline Bile Salt Agar BSA ; ph 8.2, contains 0.5% sod. tourocholate. 3. Mansurs medium; contains gelatin, tourocholate, trypticase, tellurite agar GTTA, with ph Thiosulphate-citrate-bile salt-sucrose medium TCBS ; widely used, colonies appear large, yellowish due to sucrose fermentation. Viability: o Killed at 55 0 C for 20 minutes, drying may kill the organism in about 2 3 hours. o In feces at high temperatures die within 1 2 days, but longer at lower temperatures. o In stagnant water, with alkaline reaction, can survive for 5 10 days or longer. o On surface of fresh vegetables and fruits remain viable for 2 5 days if stored in a cool moist environment. o The organism does not live long in river water due to the presence of large numbers of bacteriophages. o Survive for 3-4 days in ice. o Killed immediately in acidic stomach. Biochemical Reactions: Ferment glucose, mannitol, maltose, mannose and sucrose, and may be late lactose. It produceindole from peptone water medium, and also reduce nitrate to nitrite. Therefore it gives a red colour (nitroso-indole) after the addition of a drop of conc. H 2SO 4 to a 24 hour old culture of peptone water, this is called; cholera red test. Catalase and oxidase are +ve. Classification: It is mainly based on the minor differences in the O-antigens;
3 Antigenic structure: On the basis of O-antigens, cholera and cholera-like vibrios are classified into 8 serogroups. All pathogenic strains belong to the serogroup 1. Heat labile H-antigens shared by all vibrios whether pathogenic or non pathogenic, therefore it is of no significant value. Cross reaction between Brucella and Vibrio choleraeis caused by a specific O-antigen shared by both, this has given rise to a positive test of brucella agglutination test in persons who are not infected with brucella but have been immunized with cholera vaccine. El Tor was isolated in 1905 from Mekka pilgrims at the El Tor quarantine station in Saudi Arabia from mild cases of intestinal disease and was considered not dangerous. Its cultural characteristics, morphology, biochemical reactions andserological characters all are resemble V. cholerae except as shown in the table: Sensitivity to Mukerjee phage IV Polymyxin sensitivity Chicken RBC s agglutination V.P. reaction Soluble hemolysin Classical V. cholerae El Tor vibrios (+ -)
4 Toxins: Besides endotoxin, the following toxins and enzymes have been described: 1. Enterotoxin 2. Vascular permeability factor 3. Sodium pump inhibition 4. Cytotoxin 5. Hemolysin 6. Mucinase Enterotoxin or Cholera toxin: The cholera toxin (CTX or CT) is an oligomeric complex made up of six protein subunits: a single copy of the A subunit (part A), and five copies of the B subunit (part B), connected by a disulfide bond. The five B subunits form a five-membered ring that binds to GM1 gangliosides on the surface of the intestinal epithelium cells. The A1 portion of the A subunit is an enzyme that ADP-ribosylates G proteins, while the A2 chain fits into the central pore of the B subunit ring. Upon binding, the complex is taken into the cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Once inside the cell, the disulfide bond is reduced, and the A1 subunit is freed to bind with a human partner protein called ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6). Binding exposes its active site, allowing it to permanently ribosylate the Gs alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein. This results in constitutive camp production, which in turn leads to secretion of H 2O, Na+, K+, Cl, and HCO 3 into the lumen of the small intestine and rapid dehydration. The gene encoding the cholera toxin is introduced into V. cholerae by horizontal gene transfer. Virulent strains of V. cholera carry a variant of lysogenic bacteriophage called CTXf or CTXφ. In amore simplified diagram, the mechanism is shown as follows:
5 Pathogenicity: Incubation period is 6 hours to 3 days The stool has a characteristic appearance and contains flakes of mucus floating in it, for which it is called rice water stool, which contains ~ 10 8 vibrios/ gm. The massive loss of isotonic fluid is accompanied by severe griping pain, vomiting, and muscular cramps. Then, dehydration occurs leading to hemo-concentration, anuria, acidosis and hypovolemic shock. Delay in rehydration may result in renal failure due to acute tubular necrosis. Hypokalaemia occurs due to excess loss of K + is likely to occur in children Laboratory Diagnosis: Stool and swab samples collected in the acute stage of the disease, before antibiotic administration, are the most useful specimens for laboratory diagnosis. If an epidemic of cholera is suspected, the most common causative agent is Vibrio cholerae O1. If V. cholerae serogroup O1 is not isolated, the laboratory should test for V. cholerae O139. However, if neither of these organisms is isolated, it is necessary to send stool specimens to a reference laboratory. Infection with V. cholerae O139 should be reported and handled in the same manner as that caused by V. cholerae O1. The following examination and tests should be performed for confirmation of cholera infection: 1. Microscopical Examination: a. Light microscopy b. Fluorescent Microscopy c. Immobilization 2. Cultural examination: BSA, GTTA & TCBS 3. Biochemical examination: fermentation, cholera red test, VogesProskuer test, catalase & oxidase. 4. Serological examination. Treatment: 1- Fluids In most cases, cholera can be successfully treated with oral rehydration therapy (ORT),which is highly effective, safe, and simple to administer. Rice-based solutions are preferred to glucose-based ones due to greater efficacy. In severe cases with significant dehydration, intravenous rehydration may be necessary. Ringer's lactate is the preferred solution. Large volumes and continued replacement until diarrhea has subsided may be needed. Ten percent of a person's body weight in fluid may need to be given in the first two to four hours. If commercially produced oral rehydration solutions are too expensive or difficult to obtain, solutions can be made. One such recipe calls for 1 liter of boiled water, 1 teaspoon of salt, 8 teaspoons of sugar, and added mashed banana for potassium and to improve taste. 2- Electrolytes As there frequently is initially acidosis, the potassium level may be normal, even though large losses have occurred. As the dehydration is corrected, potassium levels may decrease rapidly, and thus need to be replaced. 3- Antibiotics Antibiotic treatments for one to three days shorten the course of the disease and reduce the severity of the symptoms. People will recover without them, however, if sufficient hydration is maintained. Doxycycline is typically used first line, although some strains of V. cholerae have shown resistance. Testing for resistance during an outbreak can help determine appropriate future choices. Other antibiotics that have been proven effective include cotrimoxazole, erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and furazolidone.fluoroquinolones, such as norfloxacin, also may be used, but resistance has been reported.
6 Prognosis If people with cholera are treated quickly and properly, the mortality rate is less than 1%; however, with untreated cholera, the mortality rate rises to 50 60%. For certain genetic strains of cholera, such as the one present during the 2010 epidemic in Haiti and the 2004 outbreak in India, death can occur within two hours of the first sign of symptoms. Vaccine A number of safe and effective oral vaccines for cholera are available. Dukoral, an orally administered, inactivated whole cell vaccine, has an efficacy of 85%, with minimal side effects. It is available in over 60 countries. However, it is not currently recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for most people traveling from the United States to the third world. One injectable vaccine was found to be effective for two to three years. However, as of 2010, it has limited availability. Work is under way to investigate the role of mass vaccination. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends immunization of high risk groups, such as children and people with HIV, in countries where this disease is endemic. If people are immunized broadly, herd immunity results, with a decrease in the amount of contamination in the environment. Vibrio parahemolyticus It is a marine organism transmitted by ingestion of raw or undercooked seafood, especially shellfish such as oysters. They can grow on medium with 8% NaCl, but V. cholerae cannot. The clinical picture varies from mild to severe watery diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and fever. The illness is self-limited, lasting for about 3 days. Vibrio vulnificus It is also a marine organismfound in warm salt waters. It may cause severe skin and soft tissue infections (cellulitis) especially in shellfish holders.
General Characteristics of Vibrio, Aeromonas and Plesiomonas
THE GENUS VIBRIO, CAMPYLOBACTER AND ASSOCIATED BACTERIA (AEROMONAS, HELICOBACTER, PLESIOMONAS) General Characteristics of Vibrio, Aeromonas and Plesiomonas Gram-negative Facultative anaerobes Fermentative
More informationCholera. By Cate Turner. Name Common Name: Cholera Etiologic agent: V ibrio cholerae (1)
Cholera By Cate Turner Name Common Name: Cholera Etiologic agent: V ibrio cholerae (1) Transmission Vibrio cholerae i s transmitted by the fecal-oral route by infection of epithelial cells in the small
More informationSHIGELLA. Bacillary dysentery is caused by genus Shigella, named after Shiga who isolated them.
24 SHIGELLA 24.1 INTRODUCTION Bacillary dysentery is caused by genus Shigella, named after Shiga who isolated them. OBJECTIVES After reading this lesson, you will be able to: describe the characteristics
More informationLECTURE OUTLINE. The genus Vibrio Vibrio cholerae Epidemiology of cholera Pathogenesis. Vaccine development Ecology of V. cholerae
LECTURE OUTLINE The genus Vibrio Vibrio cholerae Epidemiology of cholera Pathogenesis Disease Virulence factors Vaccine development Ecology of V. cholerae Environmental survival and persistence Phase variation
More informationCholera Clinical Guidelines. OAHPP Rounds January 11, 2011 Vanessa G. Allen MD FRCPC Medical Microbiologist
Cholera Clinical Guidelines OAHPP Rounds January 11, 2011 Vanessa G. Allen MD FRCPC Medical Microbiologist Overview Cholera clinical guidelines Development and review process Content Reference for diagnosis,
More informationFrequently Asked Questions
Below are answers to some common questions about cholera and oral cholera vaccines (OCV). Please use the links in the right sidebar to navigate between frequently asked questions (FAQ) categories. In addition
More informationSalmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter
1 Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter Dr. Hala Al Daghistani Salmonella and enteritis Salmonellae are often pathogenic for humans or animals when acquired by the oral route. They are transmitted from
More informationEnterobacteriaceae Vibrio د. حامد الزعبي
Enterobacteriaceae Vibrio د. حامد الزعبي Enterobacteriaceae Escherichia coli, proteus and klebsiella... Shigella Salmonella Members of the Enterobacteriaceae are: small Gram negative straight rods. Some
More informationEnterobacteriaceae Vibrio
Enterobacteriaceae Vibrio حامد الزعبي د. Enterobacteriaceae Escherichia coli, proteus and klebsiella... Shigella Salmonella Members of the Enterobacteriaceae are: small Gram negative straight rods. Some
More informationCholera: with a Focus on Haiti
Cholera: with a Focus on Haiti Andi L. Shane MD, MPH, MSc Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Emory University School of Medicine 22 November 2011 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=playe embedded&v=6jxkix-f3jy
More informationTrue Pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae: Salmonella, Shigella & Yersinia Salmonella
Lec. 6 Oral Microbiology Dr. Chatin True Pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae: Salmonella, Shigella & Yersinia Salmonella General Characteristics of Salmonella جامعة تكريت كلية طب االسنان Coliform bacilli
More informationVibrios, short curved rods
Vibrios, short curved rods We are accustomed to characterizing bacteria as cocci (spheres), bacilli (rod-shaped), or spirillum (corkscrew shaped). However, we have noted spirochetes as curved with special
More informationCholera. Communicable Disease Management Protocol. Case Definition. Reporting Requirements. Clinical Presentation/Natural History.
Cholera Manitoba Health Public Health Communicable Disease Control Unit Case Definition Confirmed Case: Isolation of cholera-toxinproducing Vibrio cholerae serotype 01 or serotype 0139 from a person with
More informationVibrio parahaemolyticus
Vibrio parahaemolyticus Frequently Asked Questions What is Vibrio parahaemolyticus? What type of illness is caused by V. parahaemolyticus? How does infection with V. parahaemolyticus occur? How common
More informationMedical Bacteriology - Lecture 7. Spore- forming Gram Positive Rods. Bacillus
Medical Bacteriology - Lecture 7 Spore- forming Gram Positive Rods Bacillus 1 Bacillus Characteristics - Gram positive - Large rod. - Arranged in long chain - Spore forming - Aerobic or facultative anaerobic
More informationVibrio Cholerae (non-o1, non-o139)
August 2011 Vibrio Cholerae (non-o1, non-o139) Revision Dates Case Definition Reporting Requirements Remainder of the Guideline (i.e., Etiology to References sections inclusive) August 2011 August 2011
More informationWhat is Cholera? V. cholerae. Profile of vibrio cholerae. Gram-negative Highly motile; polar flagellum Brackish rivers, coastal waters
What is Cholera? Intestinal infection Severe diarrhea Caused by Cholera Toxin of bacterium, Vibrio cholera Grows in salt and fresh water Can survive and multiply in brackish water by infecting copepods
More informationDisease Report: Cholera Cassidy Smith May 6, 2014
Disease Report: Cholera Cassidy Smith May 6, 2014 Disease Cholera is an acute diarrheal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae (01 and 0139). It
More informationGram-Negative Cocci :Neisseria & Vibrio
Sulaimani University College of Pharmacy Microbiology Lec. 7 Gram-Negative Cocci :Neisseria & Vibrio Dr. Abdullah Ahmed Hama PhD. Microbiology/Molecular Parasitology abdullah.hama@spu.edu.iq 1 Neisseria
More informationCholera Table of Contents
Subsection: Cholera Page 1 of 11 Cholera Table of Contents Cholera Fact Sheet Cholera and Other Vibrio Illness Surveillance Report (CDC 52.79) Subsection: Cholera Page 2 of 11 Cholera Overview (1,2) Although
More informationLab-15 Gram Negative Bacteria Neisseria:
Lab-15 Gram Negative Bacteria Neisseria: د. زينب عادل چابك م. جوان احمد علي الهماوندي The genus Neisseria consists of gram-negative, catalase ve, oxidase +ve, non motile, diplococci. Grows well at aerobic
More informationYERSINIA MODULE 26.1 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES 26.2 YERSINIA PESTIS. Notes
MODULE Yersinia 26 YERSINIA 26.1 INTRODUCTION Genus Yersinia belongs to tribe Yersinieae of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Yersinia are Gram-negative rod shaped bacteria and are facultative anaerobes.
More informationGI Bacterial Infections (part-2)
GI Bacterial Infections (part-2) Mohammed Abdulla Mehdi FIBMS (internal medicine), FIBMS (G&H) Clostridium difficile infection C. difficile is the most commonly diagnosed cause of antibioticassociated
More information2013 Disease Detectives
2013 Disease Detectives Since the catastrophic earthquake that hit Haiti in January of 2010, there have been an alarming number of cases of Cholera, spread by the Vibrio cholera bacterium, reported within
More informationVibrio cholera. Dr. Hala Al Daghistani
Vibrio cholera Dr. Hala Al Daghistani Vibrios are among the most common bacteria in surface waters worldwide. V. cholerae is a comma-shaped, curved rod that are all widely distributed in nature. It produce
More informationGastroenteritis and viral infections
Gastroenteritis and viral infections A Large number of viruses are found in the human gut; these include some that are associated with gastroenteritis Rotaviruses Adenoviruses 40/41 Caliciviruses Norwalk-like
More informationEnteric bacteria(pseudomonas+salmonella) Dr.Asem shihabi. Jumanah Nayef Abu Asbeh
15 Microbiology sheet #15 1. Gram-negative facultative anaerobic rapidly growing bacteria are divided into 2 major Lactose fermenter group which is represented by the Coliforms. 2. Lactose non-fermenter
More informationFOOD BORNE DISEASES Lectures
FOOD BORNE DISEASES Lectures Nur Hidayat Jur TIP FTP UB http://nurhidayat.lecture.ub.ac.id/mikrobiolologi-bioproses/ FOOD BORNE INTOXICATIONS These are diseases caused by consumption of food containing:
More informationBORDETELLA MODULE 30.1 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES 30.2 MORPHOLOGY 30.3 CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS. Notes
30 BORDETELLA 30.1 INTRODUCTION The genus are small Gram negative, non-motile, coccobacilli. This genus contains three species - pertussis, B. parapertussis, B. bronchiseptica. B. pertussisis associated
More informationMedical Bacteriology Dr. Ibtisam
Clostridium (An aerobic Bacilli) Most Clostridium species decompose proteins or form toxins and some do both. Their natural habitat is the soil or intestinal tract as saprophytes. The important pathogenic
More informationا.م.د.هيفاء الحديثي. Enterobacteriaceae
ا.م.د.هيفاء الحديثي Bacteriology Genus Salmonella Enterobacteriaceae - Pathogenic for human and animals - They are gram negative rods, motile with peritrichous flagella except Gallinarum-pullorum - Ferment
More informationCHOLERA. Kirsten Schmidt-Hellerau
CHOLERA Kirsten Schmidt-Hellerau Reported Cases (WHO) 2010-2015: - 2015: 172 454 cases - estimated 1.4 to 4 million cases including 21 000-143000 deaths/year 37% 41% Cholera guidelines MSF Cholera guideline
More informationVibrio cholerae Serogroup O1
U.S. Food & Drug Administration Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook Vibrio cholerae Serogroup O1 1. Name of the Organism: Vibrio cholerae
More informationNational Technical Ifenrutn Service U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield Va
AD-772 026 'VIBRIO PARAHEMOLYTICUS' RELATED GASTROENTERITIS IN DJAKARTA, INDONESIA S. W. Joseph, et al Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2 Taipei. Taiwan 1971 DISTRIBUTED BY: National Technical Ifenrutn
More informationMedical Microbiology
Lecture 5!!!!!!ƒš!!Œ!!! š!!œ!! Œ!!!! Dr. Ismail I. Daood Medical Microbiology!! Systematic Bacteriology Gram-Positive Cocci : GENUS : Staphylococcus : The general properties of Staphylococcus are Gram-
More informationFood Microbiology. The good, the bad and the ugly 10/13/13. Good-bacteria are important in food production. Bad-some bacteria cause food poisoning
Food Microbiology The good, the bad and the ugly Good-bacteria are important in food production Bad-some bacteria cause food poisoning Ugly-some bacteria cause food spoilage Some factors that influence
More informationFirst steps for managing an outbreak of acute diarrhoea
GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION E P I D E M I C A L E R T A N D R E S P O N S E First steps for managing an outbreak of acute diarrhoea THIS LEAFLET AIMS AT GUIDING YOU THROUGH THE VERY
More informationWhat location in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has tight, or impermeable, junctions between the epithelial cells?
CASE 32 A 17-year-old boy presents to his primary care physician with complaints of diarrhea for the last 2 days. The patient states that he just returned to the United States after visiting relatives
More informationGram-Negative rods Introduction to
Lec 5 Oral Microbiology Dr. Chatin Gram-Negative rods Introduction to Enterobacteriaceae Characteristics: جامعة تكريت كلية طب االسنان Small gram-negative rods (2-5 by 0.5 microns) Most motile with peritrichous
More information33. I will recommend this primer to my colleagues. A. Strongly Agree D. Disagree B. Agree E. Strongly Disagree C. Neither agree nor disagree
27. The primer increased my ability to recognize foodborne illnesses and increased the likelihood that I will consider such illnesses in my patients. 28. The primer increased my knowledge and skills in
More informationMicrobiological aspects of Salmonella including morphology, culture characters, virulence factors, carrier state and prevention.
Dr. Waleed Eldars Microbiological aspects of Salmonella including morphology, culture characters, virulence factors, carrier state and prevention. Microbiological aspects of Brucella including morphology,
More informationShigella and salmonella
Sulaimani University College of Pharmacy Microbiology Lec. 9 & 10 Shigella and salmonella Dr. Abdullah Ahmed Hama PhD. Microbiology/Molecular Parasitology abdullah.hama@spu.edu.iq 1 Shigella Shigella species
More informationZAMBIAN OPEN UNIVERSITY. Workplace. Cholera. Awareness and Prevention Guide
ZAMBIAN OPEN UNIVERSITY Workplace Cholera Awareness and Prevention Guide January 2018 ZAOU Health Living Information Sharing Members Authored by Selina Banda and Esther Kanduza What is Cholera? Cholera
More informationNader Alaridah. Tala Saleh. Nasser AlDoghmi
4 Nader Alaridah Tala Saleh Nasser AlDoghmi Outline: - We will be discussing gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, fermentative, enteric bacteria: 1- Vibrios (V. cholera), the causative agent of classic
More informationVibrios, Campylobacters, Helicobacter and Associated Bacteria. By: Nader Alaridah MD, PhD
Vibrios, Campylobacters, Helicobacter and Associated Bacteria By: Nader Alaridah MD, PhD Overview These species are gram-negative rods that are all widely distributed in nature. Vibrio cholerae produces
More informationGI Bacterial Infections (part-1)
GI Bacterial Infections (part-1) Mohammed Abdulla Mehdi FIBMS (internal medicine), FIBMS (Gastroenterology & Hepatology) Acute diarrhea and vomiting Acute diarrhea, sometimes with vomiting, is the predominant
More informationSpore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacilli: Bacillus & Clostridium Species: Introduction
Spore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacilli: Bacillus & Clostridium Species: Introduction The gram-positive spore-forming bacilli are the bacillus and clostridium species. These bacilli are ubiquitous, and because
More informationLecture (14) Amiedi Ph.D.Microbiology
AEROBIC BACILLUS Lecture (14) Dr. Baha,H,AL-Amiedi Amiedi Ph.D.Microbiology General Characteristics of Bacillus 60 species; Gram-positive or Gram-variable bacilli Large (0.5 x 1.2 to 2.5 x 10 um) Most
More informationMassachusetts 2014 Vibrio parahaemolyticus Presentation
Massachusetts 2014 Vibrio parahaemolyticus Presentation Johanna Vostok, MPH Massachusetts Department of Public Health Scott Troppy, MPH, PMP Massachusetts Department of Public Health What is Vibrio parahaemolyticus
More informationEnteric Illness. Shigellosis
Section 3 Page 1 of 7 Notification Timeline: From Lab/Practitioner to Public Health: Immediately. From Public Health to Saskatchewan Health: Within 72 hours. Public Health Follow-up Timeline: Initiate
More informationGram-negative rods: Enterobacteriaceae Part II Common Organisms. Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli. CLS 418 Clinical Microbiology I
Gram-negative rods: Enterobacteriaceae Part II Common Organisms Karen Honeycutt, M.Ed., MLS(ASCP) CM SM CM Session Enterobacteriaceae Antigens O somatic, part of cell wall (serogroup) Stimulates earliest
More informationSUMMARY OF FOODBORNE AND WATERBORNE DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS
SUMMARY OF FOODBNE AND WATERBNE DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS BACTERIAL Bacillus cereus Vomiting toxin Diarrheal toxin Brucella species Campylobacter species Clostridium botulinum Clostridium perfringens 1-6
More informationViruse associated gastrointestinal infection
Viruse associated gastrointestinal infection Dr. Hala Al Daghistani Rotaviruses Rotaviruses are a major cause of diarrheal illness in human (infants), and young animals, including calves and piglets. Infections
More informationAdvisory on Gastroenteritis
10 December 2018 Advisory on Gastroenteritis Background Singapore has seen a spate of four food poisoning outbreaks since November 2018, affecting more than 400 people. The most serious involved a fatality,
More informationspecies; Gram-positive or Gram-variable bacilli 60 (Large (0.5 x 1.2 to 2.5 x 10 um Most are saprophytic contaminants or normal flora
AEROBIC BACILLUS (Lecture (15 Dr. Baha,H,AL-Amiedi Ph.D.Microbiology General Characteristics of Bacillus species; Gram-positive or Gram-variable bacilli 60 (Large (0.5 x 1.2 to 2.5 x 10 um Most are saprophytic
More informationThe 12 Most Unwanted Bacteria
The 12 Most Unwanted Bacteria Campylobacter jejuni Most common bacterial cause of diarrhea in the U.S. especially in young children. Raw milk, untreated water, raw and undercooked meat, poultry or shellfish.
More informationRunning head: SALMONELLA BACTERIA 1
Running head: SALMONELLA BACTERIA 1 Salmonella Infectious Disease Student s Name: Institutional Affiliation: SALMONELLA BACTERIA 2 Salmonella Infectious Disease Salmonella refers to bacteria that causes
More informationGram-negative rods Ferment glucose with acid production Reduce nitrates into nitrites Oxidase negative Facultative anaerobic
Enterobacteriaceae Lecture -17 Dr.Baha,H. AL-Amiedi Ph. D.Microbiology Gram-negative rods Enterobacteriaceae Characters of Enterobacteriaceae EnterobacteriaciaeAll Gram-negative rods Ferment glucose with
More informationCampylobacter jejuni
U.S. Food & Drug Administration Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook Campylobacter jejuni 1. Name of the Organism: Campylobacter jejuni
More informationCHOLERA. Presenter: Dr. J.J. Kambona (M.B.Ch.B; M.Med)
CHOLERA Presenter: Dr. J.J. Kambona (M.B.Ch.B; M.Med) OBJECTIVES At the end of this session each student will be able to: 1. Define cholera outbreak. 2. Describe the epidemiology of cholera. 3. Describe
More informationBY ZACHARY MODISPACHER 11 TH GRADE CENTRAL CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL
BY ZACHARY MODISPACHER 11 TH GRADE CENTRAL CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL INTRODUCTION Chicken is one of the most consumed meats in the world, though can pose health risks (salmonella). Salmonella was thought only
More informationTECHNICAL GUIDELINES ON THE DETECTION AND CONTROL OF CHOLERA EPIDEMICS
TECHNICAL GUIDELINES ON THE DETECTION AND CONTROL OF CHOLERA EPIDEMICS These Technical Guidelines on the Detection and Control of Cholera Epidemics were prepared by the Data for Decision Making Project
More informationManal AL khulaifi. Enterobacteriaceae
Enterobacteriaceae Characteristics E.coli Most significant species in the genus Important potential pathogen in humans Common isolate from colon flora Dry, pink (lactose positive) pink colony with area
More informationAction points for laboratory investigation of suspected foodborne/add outbreak and routine laboratory based surveillance
Action points for laboratory investigation of suspected foodborne/add outbreak and routine laboratory based surveillance 1. Each district laboratory to: Prepare specimen collection information sheet for
More informationFood Contamination and Spoilage Food Safety: Managing with the HACCP System Second Edition (245TXT or 245CIN)
Food Contamination and Spoilage Food Safety: Managing with the HACCP System Second Edition (245TXT or 245CIN) 2008, Educational Institute Competencies for Food Contamination and Spoilage 1. Distinguish
More informationOUTBREAK OF GASTROENTERITIS IN DIFFERENT AREAS OF PAKISTAN
OUTBREAK OF GASTROENTERITIS IN DIFFERENT AREAS OF PAKISTAN Pages with reference to book, From 152 To 154 Mohammad Mubasbir Ahmad Khan, Farhat Ara, Mohammad Osman Yousuf, Abdul Gbafoor ( PMRC Central Research
More informationRunning head: PUBLIC HELATH SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT 1
Running head: PUBLIC HELATH SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT 1 Public Health Service Announcement Student s Name Institutional Affiliation PUBLIC HELATH SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT 2 Public Health Service Announcement Introduction
More informationGI tract bacterial infections Dr.Asem
** You don't have to refer to the slides, all of the info are included here.. Slides #7,8 : Campylobacter bacteria : - Gram negative microaerophilic bacteria. - Spiral (curved)-shaped as vibrio cholera
More informationGRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI THE ENTERICS: Family Enterobacteriaceae: Genus Escherichia & Genus Klebsiella
DR. HUDA ABO- ALEES 214-2-15 Obgectives: GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI THE ENTERICS: Family Enterobacteriaceae: Genus Escherichia & Genus Klebsiella Describe the morphology & physiology for E.coli & Klebsiella
More informationStaphylococci. What s to be Covered. Clinical Scenario #1
Staphylococci Micrococcus, which, when limited in its extent and activity, causes acute suppurative inflammation (phlegmon), produces, when more extensive and intense in its action on the human system,
More informationWhat s to be Covered. Microbiology of staphylococci Epidemiology of S. aureus infections Pathogenesis of S. aureus infections
Staphylococci Micrococcus, which, when limited in its extent and activity, causes acute suppurative inflammation (phlegmon), produces, when more extensive and intense in its action on the human system,
More informationDR. HUDA ABO- ALEES GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI THE ENTERICS:
DR. HUDA ABO- ALEES 214-2-15 GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI THE ENTERICS: Family Enterobacteriaceae: Genus Escherichia & Genus Klebsiella OBJECTIVES Describe the morphology & physiology for E.coli & Klebsiella
More informationField Investigation of a Suspected Epidemic of Cholera
Field Investigation of a Suspected Epidemic of Cholera CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cholera / Investigation / 1 Deciding When to Conduct a Community Investigationv Conduct an investigation
More informationHelicobacter and gastritis
1 Helicobacter and gastritis Dr. Hala Al Daghistani Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped gram-negative rod. H. pylori is associated with antral gastritis, duodenal (peptic) ulcer disease, gastric ulcers,
More informationCholera. Cholera prevention and control. Mode of Transmission. Ganges River Delta. Public health significance
* This presentation is prepared by the author in one s personal capacity for the purpose of academic exchange and does not represent the views of his/her organisations on the topic discussed. Cholera prevention
More informationsheet (18) made by: lina abdullha corrected by: Shatha khtoum date:
sheet (18) made by: lina abdullha corrected by: Shatha khtoum date: 17-11-2016 *slides are within a bold style Clostridial Food Poisoning Clostridium botulinum rare but severe intoxication usually from
More informationBiological Hazards Module 3
1 - Objectives - Describe salmonellosis and typhoid fever (salmonella) Recognize symptoms of exposure Describe treatments available Develop a response plan 2 - Salmonellosis Definition - Severe lower GI
More informationGASTROENTERITIS. What you need to know BECAUSE...CARING COMES NATURALLY TO US
GASTROENTERITIS What you need to know BECAUSE...CARING COMES NATURALLY TO US Why should Gastroenteritis be treated Dehydration is an important sign of advanced and/or untreated gastroenteritis. Severe
More information16 HIV/AIDS Infection and Cell Organelles ALTHOUGH MANY OF their characteristics are similar to those of cells, viruses
16 HIV/AIDS Infection and Cell Organelles ALTHOUGH MANY OF their characteristics are similar to those of cells, viruses are not cells. They contain genetic material and a few proteins, but they do not
More informationBacillary Dysentery (Shigellosis)
Bacillary Dysentery (Shigellosis) An acute bacterial disease involving the large and distal small intestine, caused by the bacteria of the genus shigella. Infectious agent Shigella is comprised of four
More informationPreventing foodborne illnesses. aka FOOD POISONING
TFJ3C Preventing foodborne illnesses aka FOOD POISONING Enzymes chemicals within foods that help them change Micro-organisms bacteria, yeast, mould, Oxidation exposure of food to oxygen Keep it Safe, Refrigerate!
More informationTop 8 Pathogens. Print this document and study these pathogens. You will be better prepared to challenge the ADVANCED.fst exam.
Top 8 Pathogens The top 8 pathogens outlined in this document often cause foodborne illness in Canada. Take particular note of the bolded/underlined sections, as they are especially important. Print this
More informationNorovirus. Causes. What causes infection with a norovirus? How is it spread?
- Fact sheet - Public Health Agency of Canada es are a group of viruses that cause gastroenteritis, an illness that usually includes diarrhea and/or vomiting. es are commonly found throughout North America
More informationPART A. True/False. Indicate in the space whether each of the following statements are true or false.
MCB 55 Plagues and Pandemics Midterm I Practice questions Read each question carefully. All the questions can be answered briefly, in the space allotted. PART A. True/False. Indicate in the space whether
More informationEPIDEMIOLOGICAL LESSON LEARNT: DIARRHEA OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION IN A REMOTE VILLAGE OF DISTRICT REWARI (HARYANA), INDIA
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL LESSON LEARNT: DIARRHEA OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION IN A REMOTE VILLAGE OF DISTRICT REWARI (HARYANA), INDIA *Ramesh Verma 1, Bhanwar Singh 2, Kapil Bhalla 1 and Manisha Kamal 1 1 Pt. B.D. Sharma
More informationII- Streptococci. Practical 3. Objective: Required materials: Classification of Streptococci: Streptococci can be classified according to:
Practical 3 II- Streptococci Objective: 1. Use of blood agar to differentiate between,, and hemolytic streptococci. 2. To know Gram reaction, shape and arrangement of streptococci. 3. To differentiate
More informationsaipem Ebola virus diseases EVD August 2014
Ebola virus diseases EVD August 2014 Why Ebola generates such fear? Ebola is one of the world's most deadly diseases. It can kill up to 90% of people who developed Ebola virus disease. There is not treatment
More informationGastrointestinal Infections and Laboratory Diagnosis Parameth Thiennimitr, M.D., Ph.D.
Gastrointestinal Infections and Laboratory Diagnosis Parameth Thiennimitr, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University March 2, 2016 Learning Objectives After this
More informationSpore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacilli: Bacillus and Clostridium Species. By : Nader Alaridah MD, PhD
Spore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacilli: Bacillus and Clostridium Species By : Nader Alaridah MD, PhD Bacillus Species The genus Bacillus includes large aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive, spore
More informationCholera vaccines: an update. Dipika Sur MD Consultant Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, INDIA Former Scientist 'G' ICMR
Cholera vaccines: an update Dipika Sur MD Consultant Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, INDIA Former Scientist 'G' ICMR Cholera is caused by poverty, lack of sanitation and clean water
More informationPathogenic bacteria. Lab 6: Taxonomy: Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Gammaproteobacteria Order: Enterobacteriales
Level 5 Pathogenic bacteria Lab 6: Family: Enterobacteriaceae Taxonomy: Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Gammaproteobacteria Order: Enterobacteriales Family: Enterobacteriaceae The prefix
More informationStudy Guide 23, 24 & 47
Study Guide 23, 24 & 47 STUDY GUIDE SECTION 23-3 Bacteria and Humans Name Period Date 1. One bacterial disease that is transmitted by contaminated drinking water is a. Lyme disease b. gonorrhea c. tuberculosis
More informationTopic 1: Chemistry of Living Things
1. Some processes that occur in a cell are listed below.1 utilize energy 2 detect changes in the environment 3 rearrange and synthesize chemical compounds 4. The diagram below represents a sequence of
More informationPediatric Dehydration and Oral Rehydration. May 16/17
Pediatric Dehydration and Oral Rehydration May 16/17 Volume Depletion (hypovolemia): refers to any condition in which the effective circulating volume is reduced. It can be produced by salt and water loss
More informationNON-LACTOSE FERMENTING BACTERIA FROM. While B. coli is generally accepted as a satisfactory index of
NON-LACTOSE FERMENTING BACTERIA FROM POLLUTED WELLS AND SUB-SOIL' I. J. KLIGLER From the Laboratories of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York Received for publication February 1, 1918
More informationE. coli 0157:H7. By Christopher Tong
E. coli 0157:H7 By Christopher Tong The etiologic agent E. coli 0157:H7 have several transmissions that can be spread around to animals and humans. In humans this serotype of E. coli is transmitted to
More informationChristina Tennyson, M.D. Division of Gastroenterology
Diarrhea Christina Tennyson, M.D. Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Columbia University DIARRHEA Symptom: stool frequency, liquidity Sign: > 200-250 g/day Acute Chronic Time
More information2/26/2009. Diarrhea. Christina Tennyson, M.D. Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Columbia University
Diarrhea Christina Tennyson, M.D. Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Columbia University 1 Symptom: Sign: DIARRHEA stool frequency, liquidity > 200-250 g/day Acute Chronic Time
More informationYou should call our office immediately if your child has any of the following symptoms: 1. Looks weak or is unresponsive
Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often called the stomach flu (although it is not caused by the influenza virus.) The symptoms of gastroenteritis commonly
More informationChapter # 3. Microbial Growth GROWTH
Chapter # 3 Microbial Growth GROWTH It is defined as an increase in cellular constituents that may result in either Increase in cell number; or Increase in cell size However when it comes to microorganisms,
More information