Biorisk reduction: A WHO approach

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Gilbert Parsons
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1 ESRC Seminar, 8-9 January 2007 University of Sussex, Brighton Biorisk reduction: A WHO approach Emmanuelle Tuerlings Biorisk reduction for dangerous pathogens Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response World Health Organization

2 Health WHO Constitution "a sate of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of diseases or infirmity" "the health of all peoples is fundamental to the attainment of peace and security and is dependent upon the fullest co-operation of individuals and States".

3 Background Human security (1) evolution of threats and insecurities seminal reports 1994 UNDP and 2003 Human Security Now What is new? What is the added value?

4 Human security (2) Definition of the Commission on Human Security the protection of "the vital core of all human lives in ways that enhance human freedoms and human fulfillment" addresses both "freedom from fear" and "freedom from want" link human rights, development, security together people-centred Criticisms E.g. too broad, health being securitized

5 Global health security Global Health security at WHO Global Alert and Response Operations (WHA54.14, 2001) (with GOARN: Global outbreak and response network) Preparedness for the unexpected (WHA55.16, 2002) International Health Regulations (WHA58.3, 2005) Laboratory biosafety (WHA58.29, 2005)

6 So what? Health, human security and global health security So one advantage of a global health security framework is that it broadens the traditional national security approach to allow the emphasis to be placed on the public health approach.

7 Biorisk Reduction Management Natural infection Accidental exposure Deliberate use Specific pathogens expertise Outbreak response coordination Map global laboratory resources Surge response capacity Promote responsible biomedical research Laboratory biosafety and biosecurity Deliberate threat response preparedness Safety of staff and environment Protecting valuable biological materials

8 Laboratory Resource Mapping

9 Building the Network Directory, brick by brick GLaDNet is the mortar part of the wall WHOCC Academic institute Get to know your neighbors in advance of event response Harmonization of basic operations (protocols, logistics, communication) Serve Regional to implement public Agent-specific health institute lab network International Health Regulations NGO National reference lab Regional lab network National lab network Private lab International reference lab Expert

Organization Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response Global Alert and Response Disease-Specific Networks: Anthrax Questionnaire for Laboratories 1.

10 Disease specific (selected BW agents, 2nd ed. WHO publication) BACTERIA Anthrax Brucellosis Glanders Melioidosis Tularaemia Plague Q Fever Typhus Fever FUNGI Coccidioidomycosis VIRUSES Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis Smallpox World Health Organization Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response Global Alert and Response Disease-Specific Networks: Anthrax Questionnaire for Laboratories 1. Contact details Name of laboratory Address City Postal code Country Telephone Fax Web site Name of director of the laboratory Title Telephone Fax Name of person responsible for anthrax activities Title Telephone Fax 2. Your laboratory is affiliated to: Ministry of Health Ministry of Agriculture Other ministries (please specify) Universities Private laboratories Other (please specify) 1. Contact details World Health Organization Global Alert and Response Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response Disease-Specific Networks: Anthrax Questionnaire for Laboratories Name of laboratory Address City Post code Country Telephone Fax Web site Director of the laboratory Title (Prof., Dr, Mr, Mrs, Miss) Telephone Fax Person responsible for anthrax activities Title (Prof., Dr, Mr, Mrs, Miss) Telephone Fax 2. Your laboratory is affiliated to: ACTIVITIES Global network of anthrax experts and laboratories Anthrax guidelines 4 th edition (coming soon) Report on 2003 survey on anthrax (being finalized) Second survey on anthrax being drafted Ministry of Health Ministry of Agriculture Other ministries (please specify) Universities Private laboratories Other (please specify) Disease-specific networks: improving public health preparedness for and response to the threat of epidemics Mission statement To strengthen global disease-specific networks of experts and laboratories able to provide technical support to response activities in Member States, particularly developing countries, related to the natural occurrence, accidental release, or deliberate use of biological agents that affect health. World Health Organization Global Alert and Response Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response

11 Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity

Laboratory Accidents and Bio-Risks Selected examples of laboratory acquired infections in well-equipped and trained laboratories: SARS: Singapore, 2003 SARS:

12 Laboratory Accidents and Bio-Risks Selected examples of laboratory acquired infections in well-equipped and trained laboratories: SARS: Singapore, 2003 SARS: Taiwan, 2003 SARS: China, 2004 Tularemia: USA, 2004 Ebola: Russia, 2004 Potential exposure (high consequence): Anthrax: Soviet Union, 1979; USA, 2005 H2N2: USA, 2005

WHO Laboratory Biosafety WHO Biosafety To promote the use of safe practices in the handling of pathogenic microorganisms in the laboratory during transportation in field investigations in

14 WHO Laboratory Biosafety WHO Biosafety To promote the use of safe practices in the handling of pathogenic microorganisms in the laboratory during transportation in field investigations in manufacturing facilities in health-care facilities E F E S F P S ChP RuCh Ru "Laboratory biosafety" describes containment principles, technologies and practices implemented to prevent unintentional exposure to pathogens and toxins, or their accidental release.

15 WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION DEPARTMENT OF EPIDEMIC PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE WHO Laboratory Biosecurity WHO Biosecurity To promote the protection of valuable biological materials and their safekeeping in the laboratory public health laboratories animal and food laboratories academic and research institutions field investigation station Industrial and manufacturing facilities health-care facilities WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Biorisk management: Laboratory Biosecurity 1 Laboratory biosecurity describes the concept, process and objective of managing biorisks associated, in laboratories, with valuable biological materials, increasing its protection, control and accountability in order to prevent their unauthorized access, their loss, theft, misuse, diversion or intentional release.

16 Preparedness for Deliberate Epidemics

17 Guidance for public health preparedness Managing the health risks of the deliberate use of biological and chemical agents or radioactive material: Guidance on capacity assessment being finalized

18 Biorisks from deliberate use Low probability, high consequence New science and technology

19 Life science research and global health security project Objectives 1. engage dialogue 2. raise awareness Importance of health research

20 Health and research Globalization of life science research and technologies Global dispersion Pace of discovery 10/90 gap in health research Link with development Lack of investments, inappropriate priorities, capacity development and retention

21 Life science research and global health security project Measures to address the risks self-governance (code of conducts, responsibility) regulatory approaches (legislation on access to labs) Impact on public health Public confidence in science Information vary among Member States

22 Life science research and global health security project Outcomes of Phase I: 1. Raising awareness document 2. Internal and external networks 3. Collaboration

23 Life science research and global health security project Objectives of Phase II: Engage dialogue and listen through regional activities Verify the added value of the public health approach Explore the needs and perceptions in developing countries Assess the need for WHO further actions Scientific Working Group (16-18 October 2006) Electronic platform (January-February 2007) Regional activities Review of the process

24 Thank you

Implications of Life Sciences R&D for Global Health Security

Implications of Life Sciences R&D for Global Health Security Dr Ottorino Cosivi Project Leader, Preparedness for Deliberate Epidemics Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response WHO s Public