Ceva HAND book of poultry diseases

Transcription

1 IVAN DINEV & CEVA Volume 2 Ceva HAND book of poultry diseases Salmonellosis CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS Fowl cholera AVIAN CLOSTRIDIOSIS Coccidiosis mycoplasma GALLISEPTICUM INFECTIONS mycoplasma SYNOVIAE INFECTIONS INFECTIOUS CORYZA FOWL POX Egg drop syndrome 1976

2 Volume 2 First edition - ceva santé animale

3 Ceva HAND book of poultry diseases Ivan Dinev, DVM, PhD Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Trakia University Stara Zagora, Bulgaria

4 Ivan Dinev Ivanov 2012 All rights reserved: & This book is protected by copyright law. The reproduction, imitation or distribution of the book, in whole or in part, in any format (electronic, photocopies etc.) without the prior written consent, of the copyright holders is strictly prohibited. Reviewer: Zheko V. Kounev, PhD, DVM First edition, 2012 Graphic design and printing:, FRANCE ISBN EAN

5 Ceva HAND book of poultry diseases TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Salmonellosis P/5 2 CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS P/31 3 Fowl cholera P/45 4 AVIAN CLOSTRIDIOSIS P/67 5 Coccidiosis P/67 6 mycoplasma GALLISEPTICUM INFECTIONS P/121 7 MYCOPLASMA SYNOVIAE INFECTIONS P/141 8 INFECTIOUS CORYZA P/157 9 FOWL POX P/ Egg drop syndrome 1976 P/187

6 P R E F A C E This book is the first in a projected series of similar works published at the initiative of Ceva Santé Animale. Following on from the publication of the first and second editions of the books Poultry Diseases. A Colour Atlas and Histopathology and Cytology of Poultry Diseases, the aim of this work is to serve as a handbook, providing more specific practical data about common poultry diseases in a more accessible format. Future instalments will cover topics in the fields of neoplastic diseases, respiratory diseases, immunosuppressive agents, poultry diseases and public health, enteric diseases and more. Each chapter will include data about the history of the disease, characteristics and classification of the pathogen, epidemiology, clinical signs and pathology, diagnosis and monitoring, prevention and vaccinology. Gross and microscopic lesions, as well as the clinical signs will be illustrated with the help of a rich collection of photos, gathered during our diagnostic, research and consultation activities. We hope that this planned series of publications will earn recognition as easy to understand and convenient to use handbooks in the fields of poultry pathology, suitable for students, novice practitioners and seasoned professionals alike. September, 2012 Ivan Dinev & CEVA

7 Ceva HAND book of poultry diseases 1 Salmonellosis p/5

8 Salmonellosis Definition Solmonelloses are acute or chronic intestinal infections in poultry characterized by septicaemic and degenerative necrobiotic lesions of the alimentary tract and the parenchymal organs. History and synonyms Salmonella bacteria are named after the American bacteriologist D. Salmon ( ). In 1899 Dr. Leo F. Rettger isolated and identified an etiological agent from a case of pullorum disease and named it Salmonella pullorum. This discovery turned out to be of utmost importance for the development of the poultry industry (Bullis, 1977). Synonyms of Pullorum disease are white diarrhoea, and the now obsolete bacillary white diarrhoea and fatal septicaemia of young Chickens. In 1929, the term Pullorum disease was approved and became internationally accepted. In 1909 Dr. Rettger and Stoneburn reported the transovarial transmission of the infection that was, in fact, the first report of such a route of infection transmission. The complete cycle of infection, along with evidence that infected chickens could be a permanent reservoir of infection and may transmit it via the eggs, was presented by Dr. Rettger and his collaborators in The agglutination test developed by Dr Jones introduced the diagnostic procedure for detection of the causative agent (Jones, 1913). Later, looking for other diagnostic tests, a rapid serum agglutination test (Runnells et al., 1927) and a test using whole blood (Bunyea et al., 1929) were proposed. The first did not find a broad application, and the second was based on using a live culture as an antigen that was capable of inducing infection. Later on, a whole-blood test using stained bacterial suspension (antigen) was proposed (Schaffer et al., 1931). According to early reports, this disease was considered of major significance for the poultry industry and outbreaks with mortality rates of over 85% were reported (Bullis, 1977). Subsequently, programmes for eradication and maintenance of Pullorum disease-free flocks were implemented. Fowl typhoid in poultry is very closely related to Pullorum disease. It is caused by S. Gallinarum and is established in 1888 (Klein, 1889). During the next years, reports about the isolation of the bacterial agent came from different parts of the world. By that time, it was also called Bacillus sanguinarum (Moore, 1895). The name fowl typhoid was accepted in 1902 (Curtice, C. 1902). Salmonellosis p/7 1