STRONGYLES. Large strongyles
|
|
- Walter Washington
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Microorganism or Microbes Living forms that are too small to be perceptible by the human eye. The scientific study of these is called microbiology: bacterias, fungus, virus, protozoans?? Parasite An organism whose existence is at the expense of another living organism called the host. The scientific study calls these parasitology. Ectoparasites: these are located in the coat/skin or hair of the horse, for example fleas, ticks, lice, nits, flies and mites (scabies). They have no importance in cutaneous lesions, but they do produce itching and other effects. We must also take them into account as vectors or carriers of other diseases: Ex: The tick is an intermediate host in the cycle of babesiasis. (Blue-tongue) Endoparasites: Internal parasites that are the principle cause of colic in horses and they are often the causal factor that contributes in the presentation of various problems of respiratory types, digestive and zootechnical function loss. The five internal parasites that are more commonly found and represent major risk issues of health in horses are the large and small strongyles, large roundworms (ascaris), pinworms (oxyuris equi), and bots (gastrophilus larvae). STRONGYLES Large strongyles Large strongyles are referred to as a large group related amongst one another of internal parasites. Strongyles are also called blood worms or reddish filiform vermes. The life cycle of the strongyles begins in the intestinal tract, where the female worm deposits her eggs which are eliminated through the feces. Under ideal environment conditions (including heat and humidity), the eggs convert into larvae in the manure. The larvae infesters migrate to the pastures, where they remain until they are ingested by the horse. Then they develop as larvae parasites inside of the intestines and migrate along the arterial walls of various organs and eventually return to the large intestine in the young form of a parasite. Larva can cause extensive damage to the lining of the blood vessels.
2 Horses that are infested with large strongyles can lose their physical condition, become weak and can also present weight loss, anemia and colic. In extreme cases, the blood supply to the intestines can become completely blocked because of the strongyle, resulting in severe and even fatal colic. In horses infested with a large amount of strongyles, they may turn into formations of arterial aneurysms, which can cause sudden death if the artery ruptures in the area of the aneurysm. Small Strongyles Small strongyles differentiate from large strongyles in various aspects. Firstly, small strongyles do not migrate to half of the tissues as large strongyles do. Secondly, larva of small strongyles can come to form a cyst (encyst). This means that they can penetrate into the intestinal wall and remain inactive waiting on adequate conditions to emerge. During this period of isolation, contrary to adult parasites, small strongyle larvae are not susceptible to the majority of anti-parasitic suppressors. If numerous numbers of small strongyle simultaneously emerge from the intestinal wall, they can cause severe damage in the mucosa. Colic and diarrhea can be observed. Other signs of infestation from small strongyles include loss in physical condition, weight loss, lack of shine to the coat and hair and subnormality of its growth. ASCARIS: (roundworms) Ascaris or large roundworms, affect young horses more often than that of adult horses. Large roundworms are between 15 to 30 centimeters long and can be found in great quantities in the small intestine. Their presence interferes with a foals nourishment. Symptoms of colic, cough and diarrhea can be a result of ascaris infestation. Also, they can cause blockage in the intestines and emerge to the lungs causing pneumonia. Newborn foals pick up infestered eggs of the ascaris through the feces of other horses. The eggs that contaminate hay or water are ingested and occur in the intestinal tract. Larval forms of the parasite penetrate the intestinal wall, and take approximately one week before migrating to the lungs. From there the larval forms of the parasite travel to the trachea and into the mouth, where they are swallowed for the second time. There they mature in the intestine in two or three months, and then the eliminated eggs are deposited in the feces where once again the whole cycle will repeat all over again. Female roundworms may deposit up to 200,000 eggs per day. When foals are treated with an anti-parasitic suppressor for the first time, there can be symptoms of colic.
3 OXYURIS EQUI (pinworms) Although these are less dangerous than other internal parasites, oxyuris equi (pinworms) cause discomfort in horses because they produce irritation in the anal. One of the characteristics of infestation by oxyuris is rubbing around the base of the tail and the anal region causing damage to the hair of the tail and apparition in the alopecic areas around the base of the same area. The parasite can infest the animal by the means of contaminated water, grains, hay or pasture. Larval forms of these pinworms mature in the big intestine in 3 to 4 months, adult pinworms crawl out of the anal deposit their eggs in the adjacent surface. The eggs develop out of the animals body and become infesters in a few days, however, they can remain without hatching for several months. CESTODES: (tapeworms) Existing forage mites in farms for foals can ingest the eggs that they find in infested feces. Horses grazing can ingest the mites and be infected by tapeworms. As a result of this infestation they can present colics of various intensities. Therefore, it is fundamental to include in the anti-parasitic schedule a specific treatment against cestodes. Because most existing anthelmintic products are not effective against tapeworms, it is necessary to add a specific taenicide to the anti-parasitic schedule of your horse. GASTEROPHILUS LARVAE (bots) Gasterophilus are larva of the common bot fly. These flies are frequently found in the middle of a horse's environment, it's almost impossible that the horse doesn't become infested. Life Cycle During the warm months, the ending of summer and the beginning of autumn, the adult bot fly deposits its eggs in different parts of the horse's body, especially in the pectoral areas, front limbs (cannon bone area), neck and muzzle. The larva develop stimulated by the horse's licking and penetrates into its mouth, where it resides in the tissue of the gums, cheeks and tongue. Approximately a month later, the larvae migrate to the stomach, where they are located on the inner wall thereof. It is not surprising that several hundred gasterophilus attach to the stomach, causing irritation, interfering with digestion and obstructing the opening or lumen of the small intestine. The gasterophilus larvae are excreted in the feces after 8 to 10 weeks, where they bury theirselves in the ground or manure, to hatch into adult bot flies approximately in one months time and where once again they are ready to start the whole cycle all over again by depositing their eggs in the horse's hair or coat.
4 Protozoan parasites Protozoa: single-celled beings with a complex metabolism that also produce parasitic diseases. In horses the more important are the ehrlichiosis and the piroplasmosis. Equine Piroplasmosis: Equine piroplasmosis (EP), as its name suggests, is a disease of equines (horses, donkeys, mules and zebras) caused by protozoan parasites that invade the red blood cells causing its destruction. There are two species of these protozoa, the Theileria equi (formerly known as Babesia equi) and the Babesia caballi that are present in 90% of the world inhabited by horses. Only Canada, The United States, Australia, Japan, England and Ireland are not considered endemic disease areas. The disease is transmitted through blood and is generally transmitted by ticks and other insects, however inadequate disinfection of hypodermic needles or other instruments can also cause mechanical transmission. Babesia Caballi causes a less severe disease as that only 1% of the red blood cells become infected. Infections may not be apparent, but may persist for up to 1 to 4 years, although at the end they are eliminated. They may associate poor appetite, poor work exercise and weight loss. Theileria equi (formerly Babesia equi) infect up to 20% of the red blood cells, producing clinical signs of fever, anemia, icterus, increase of respiratory and cardiac rhythm and enlargement of the spleen. Given that parasites destroy the red blood cells, anemia occurs and hemoglobin detachment which can produce liver disease and dark-colored urine. They can also come to the point of giving cases of colic, constipation followed by diarrhea, and swelling of the extremities. Foals can be infected inside of the utero, including risk of abortion or birth anemic and debilitation. Animals infected with Theileria equi (Babesia equi) become lifelong carriers. VACCINATION It is an antigen preparation that once inside the body triggers an attack response known as an antibody that eliminates the antigen. This response generates an immunological memory resulting in a higher or to the greatest extent possible against the antigen. The vaccine is preventive, never curative. DEWORMING Action and effect of removing a parasite. We're going to use it in a preventive way, but on occasions also as a curative. DISINFECTION Refers to the reduction of pathogenic microorganisms in a PREVENTIVE and CURATIVE manner used on the animal and for the environment. There are many types of disinfectants, some are used specifically in installations, others
5 are toxic and others are tolerable for applying on the animal. Be sure to make the correct choice when using an antimicrobial agent. DEINSECTIZATION Action and effect to eliminate insects from the animal as well as its surroundings. Can also be used in a curative and preventative way. The same as disinfectants, the products that are going to be used have to be chosen carefully. Commercial brands that are mostly used are Barricade and Arpon for applying on animals and Zotal for installations, although the other two brands can also be used for installations. VACCINATION SCHEDULE Equine Flu Equine influenza (or equine flu) is a viral disease, highly contagious, characterized by dry cough, nasal discharge and fever; it spreads quickly in any populated area not immunized. In animals that are partially immunized these signs may not be observed and the clinical manifestation of the disease is not evident, for this reason it is essential to perform a diagnosis that will differentiate it from a respiratory illness. These animals can secret the virus without manifesting clinical signs. The agent of this disease is a type-a orthomyxovirus and has two subtypes that have been recognized as: H7N7(A/equi1) and H3N8(A/equi2) formerly known as A/equine 2). This disease does not affect other species of animals or people. Equine influenza is an obligated declaration in this country and must be reported to the World Organization for Animal Health, OIE ANNEX V VACCINE AGAINST THE EQUINE FLU The vaccination document of a FEI or LIC passport, issued to all horses and ponies, must be signed and stamped by a non-owner veterinarian. This visa certifies that two injections have been administered to the horse as a primary vaccination against the equine influenza in a period of not less than 21 days nor more than 92 days. A reminder injection is administered in each successive period every (6) months after the second primary vaccination injection. However, this period may be extended for 6 months to not interrupt the intervention of the horse when in competition, up to a maximum of 21 days or three weeks. None of these injections should be administered 7 days prior to an event or admission in the stables of competition. The previous rules constitute the minimum indispensable. As much as for the basic vaccination, as for a reminder to follow the recommended vaccination protocol that usually corresponds to the rules stated above.
6 TETANUS Tetanus is the result of an infection by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. This microorganism, which can be found on the ground, synthesizes a powerful toxin that causes muscular paralysis. The treatment is expensive and difficult, and is often impossible to save the life of the animal, but the disease is preventable with a simple annual vaccination. Prevention is essential, as the horse is an animal very prone to tetanus. In the environment in where horses move around at, it is very easy that any type of wound is invaded by Clostridium tetani spores. These spores germinate and multiply and produce a powerful toxin that affects the nervous system and produces a progressive muscular paralysis. All muscles are seen affected and come to produce a respiratory paralysis that destroys the life of the animal. Annual vaccination and primary vaccination for 1 to 3 months. RHINOPNEUMONITIS A horse viral disease produced by the herpesvirus. They also have similar symptoms to that of the equine influenza with manifestations that are more devastating because of outbreaks of abortions, perinatal mortality in foals or nervosity symptoms. These three clinical forms can cause outbreaks and produce great economic losses. The risk of the herpesvirus strain (EHV1) in a group of horses is high, because it is treated as a highly contagious disease, the outbreak advances rapidly and a great number of clinical cases can be expected. Annual vaccination (recommended biannual). Primary vaccination for 1 to 3 months. For vaccinating pregnant mares using specifically Pneumabort-K in the 5th, 7th and 9th month of gestation. DEWORMING SCHEDULE An adequate deworming schedule reduces considerably the appearance of colics by four times as other problems such as weight loss, anorexia, anemia, tail scratching, ectoparasites and respiratory problems. A quarterly deworming schedule should be considered for horses (four times a year) by varying the active ingredient that is carried out. A good guideline would be to use an avermectin (ivermectin or moxidectin) two times a year, benzimidazole once a year and pyrantel pamoate or pyrvinium pamoate once a year. Author: Alvaro Vázquez/Pablo Adrados EQUISAN Veterinaria Equina Integral
AGRIC SCIENCE (WEEK 5) Squatting of the bird with head tucked under the wings
AGRIC SCIENCE (WEEK 5) PROTOZOAN DISEASES CONTINUED Symptoms of Coccidiosis 1. Closing of eyes Prevention Squatting of the bird with head tucked under the wings - Maintain good hygiene - Prevent animals
More informationEquine Science & Technology. Unit Title: Equine Diseases CIP:
Equine Science & Technology Unit Title: Equine Diseases CIP: 020221-07 Instructor: Objectives: After completing this unit of instruction, students will be able to: A. List, identify, and describe equine
More informationEQUINE VACCINATION AN EDUCATIONAL GUIDE FOR HORSE OWNERS.
EQUINE VACCINATION AN EDUCATIONAL GUIDE FOR HORSE OWNERS. A HEALTHY HORSE IS A PROPERLY VACCINATED HORSE. A properly designed vaccination regimen may be one of the most important things you can do to help
More informationEQUINE DISEASES AND GUIDELINES
EQUINE DISEASES AND vaccination GUIDELINES CORE AND RISK VACCINATION GUIDELINES FOR ADULT HORSES ALL VACCINATION PROGRAMS SHOULD BE DEVELOPED IN CONSULTATION WITH A LICENSED VETERINARIAN The American Association
More informationEquine Vaccination Recommendations
Equine Vaccination Recommendations Many serious equine diseases can be prevented or better controlled through vaccination. Equine vaccinations are typically administered in the spring and the fall. Remember
More informationInfection, Detection, Prevention...
Infection, Detection, Prevention... A disease is any change that disrupts the normal function of one or more body systems. Non infectious diseases are typically caused by exposure to chemicals or are inherited.
More informationEquine Diseases. D. Karen Hansen, PhD 2001 University of Wyoming Stephen R. Schafer, EdD 2006 University of Wyoming
Equine Diseases D. Karen Hansen, PhD 2001 University of Wyoming Stephen R. Schafer, EdD 2006 University of Wyoming Information Development Much effort and time was devoted to: developing accurate/current
More informationDisease Prevention in Horses
Disease Prevention in Horses Dr. Laura Parisio BvetMed, MRCVS Sponsors Disease Prevention the big picture Vaccination Environmental Management Vaccination Which vaccines, which horses, when? Age Use Breed
More informationSmall living organism Not visible to the naked eye Must be viewed under a microscope Found everywhere in the environment, including on and in the
Small living organism Not visible to the naked eye Must be viewed under a microscope Found everywhere in the environment, including on and in the human body Many Microorganisms are part of normal flora
More informationThe Immune System: Your Defense Against Disease
The Immune System: Your Defense Against Disease Terms: Immune System: body s primary defense against disease-causing microorganisms. Immune: condition in which a body is able to permanently fight a disease.
More informationParasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors
PowerPoint Lecture Slides for MICROBIOLOGY ROBERT W. BAUMAN Chapter 23 Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors Helminthic Parasites of Humans Helminths are macroscopic, multicellular, eukaryotic
More information2015 JUNIOR DISEASES
2015 JUNIOR DISEASES EASY 2641 (easy) HS47/TH332 Q: What is an acute infection? A: Symptoms appear quickly 2642 (easy) HIH630-1/TH600 Q: What is another name for Equine Infectious Anemia? A: EIA OR swamp
More informationIntroduction to the internal parasites
Learning Outcomes Introduction to the internal parasites BVM&S Parasitology Tudor.W.Jones Describe what is meant by internal parasites, where they can be found and why they are important to veterinarians.
More informationIntroduction to the internal parasites. BVM&S Parasitology Tudor.W.Jones
Introduction to the internal parasites BVM&S Parasitology Tudor.W.Jones Learning Outcomes Describe what is meant by internal parasites, where they can be found and why they are important to veterinarians.
More informationVaccinations. Vaccination Chart At Bottom Of Page
Vaccinations Vaccination Chart At Bottom Of Page What Is A Vaccination (Immunization) Vaccination involves the injection (with a sterile syringe and needle) of bacteria or viruses that are inactivated
More informationEQUINE DISEASES AND VACCINES
W 659 EQUINE DISEASES AND VACCINES Jennie L. Ivey, PhD, PAS, Assistant Professor Lew Strickland, DVM, MS, DACT, Assistant Professor Taylor Case, Animal Science Independent Study Department of Animal Science
More informationHelminths (Worms) General Characteristics: Eukaryotic, multicellular parasites, in the kingdom Animalia.
Parasite II Helminths (Worms) General Characteristics: Eukaryotic, multicellular parasites, in the kingdom Animalia. They are worm-like organisms that live and feed off living hosts, receiving nourishment
More informationUPDATE ON EQUINE VACCINATION PROGRAMS
2000 Florida Equine Institute UPDATE ON EQUINE VACCINATION PROGRAMS David G. Powell, BVSC, RFCVS Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Department of Veterinary Science University of Kentucky Lexington,
More informationTHAL EQUINE LLC Regional Equine Hospital Horse Owner Education & Resources Santa Fe, New Mexico
THAL EQUINE LLC Regional Equine Hospital Horse Owner Education & Resources Santa Fe, New Mexico 505-438-6590 www.thalequine.com Deciding When to Use Risk-Based Vaccines Vaccination is one of the most practical
More informationInfection : a disease or condition caused by a microorganism Microorganisms are the tiniest living organisms on earth that
Chapter 13: Infectious Diseases The Process of Infection Infection : a disease or condition caused by a microorganism Microorganisms are the tiniest living organisms on earth that eat, reproduce, and die
More informationINFECTIOUS DISEASES. Chapter 13
INFECTIOUS DISEASES Chapter 13 No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 1 The Process of Infection Infection: a disease or condition caused by a microorganism
More informationEquine Vaccines. Bailee Stanton, DVM Moore Equine Veterinary Center
Equine Vaccines Bailee Stanton, DVM Moore Equine Veterinary Center Depaolo Equine Concepts Vaccines should never be considered 100% effective for disease prevention but are an important disease control
More informationThe Chain of Infection
The Chain of Infection As healthcare professionals, it is important to understand two facts about infection: 1.The various ways infection can be transmitted. 2. The ways the infection chain can be broken.
More informationImmunity and Infection. Chapter 17
Immunity and Infection Chapter 17 The Chain of Infection Transmitted through a chain of infection (six links) Pathogen: Disease causing microorganism Reservoir: Natural environment of the pathogen Portal
More information1.Nematodes. Parasitology/Helminths
1.Nematodes Parasitology/Helminths Helminths all helminths are relatively large (> 1 mm long); some are very large (> 1 m long). all have well-developed organ systems and most are active feeders. the body
More informationHuman Body Systems - Parasites
Human Body Systems - Parasites Grade Range: Middle School Key Terms Lesson Time: 40 minutes Materials and Resources Circulatory system Digestive system Immune system Malaria Nervous system Parasite Plasmodium
More informationPathogens. How Do They Cause Disease?
Pathogens How Do They Cause Disease? A. Pathogens I. Overview 1. definition: a disease-causing agent a. disease: a disturbance in the state of health such that the affected organism experiences some loss
More informationMPI is satisfied the current quarantine measures in place are sufficient to manage the situation.
Equine Herpes Virus type 1 myeloencephalopathy Update 7 February 2014 MPI has confirmed that Equine Herpes Virus type 1 myeloencephalopathy is present on a stud farm in the Waikato. It has not been reported
More informationMountain Pointe s Disease and Vaccine Series By Amber Rieser
Mountain Pointe s Disease and Vaccine Series By Amber Rieser Equine Herpes Virus (EHV)/Rhinopneumonitis Rhinopneumonitis, often referred to as rhino, is a disease caused by EHV. There are three distinct
More informationIntroduction. Causes. Roundworms. Worms. Flatworms. How Flatworms are transmitted. Fast fact. Fast fact
Module 5 Worms MODULE 5 INTRODUCTION Introduction Worms Worms or helminths are parasites that live on or in human or animal hosts and draw nutrients from their host 1. Worms are multi-cellular, have complex
More informationParasites are found in all groups of organisms
Parasites are found in all groups of organisms Parasites a very diverse set of eukaryotic pathogens Parasitology as a scientific discipline historically covers a diverse collection of multi- and unicellular
More informationClass 9 th Why do we fall ill?
Class 9 th Why do we fall ill? Health: health is a state of physical, mental and social well being. The health of all individuals is dependent on their physical environment, social environment, and their
More informationEHV (Equine Herpes Virus) Management
To: All North Dakota horse owners and equine event managers EHV (Equine Herpes Virus) Management Because the equine herpes virus (EHV) is a concern for North Dakota 4-H families and horse owners across
More informationKEY CONCEPT Germs cause many diseases in humans.
31.1 40.1 Pathogens Infectious Diseases and Human Illness KEY CONCEPT Germs cause many diseases in humans. 31.1 40.1 Pathogens Infectious Diseases and Human Illness Germ theory states that microorganisms
More informationParasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors
PowerPoint Lecture Slides for MICROBIOLOGY ROBERT W. BAUMAN Chapter 23 Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors Parasitic Diseases Protozoan and helminthic parasites are emerging as serious
More informationAlberta 4-H Bison Project Member Level One. Feeds for Bison
Feeds for Bison Roll Call: Name a feed ingredient that is used in a ration. Rations and diets Diet A diet is the mixture or combination of feeds that provide the nutrient requirements. The diet you feed
More informationPinworms. Introduction Pinworms are parasites that live in the rectum. Pinworms get inside the body when you swallow their eggs.
Pinworms Introduction Pinworms are parasites that live in the rectum. Pinworms get inside the body when you swallow their eggs. While you sleep, the female pinworms leave the intestines through the anus
More informationDownloaded from
Class IX: Biology Chapter: Why do we fall ill Chapter Notes Key learnings: 1) Our body s well-being is dependent on the proper functioning of its cells and tissues. 2) All our body parts and activities
More informationCorynebacterium diphtheriae
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Aerobic gram-positive bacillus Toxin production occurs only when C. diphtheriae infected by virus (phage) carrying tox gene If isolated, must be distinguished from normal diphtheroid
More informationIntroduction. Transmission
B o v i n e V i r A L D i a r r h e a ( B V D ) AL IGV E S TRO C K I C U LT U R E Introduction The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes disease in cattle populations worldwide, resulting in significant
More informationImmune System. Before You Read. Read to Learn
Immune System 37 section 1 Infectious Diseases Biology/Life Sciences 10.d Students know there are important differences between bacteria and viruses with respect to their requirements for growth and replication,
More informationChapter Pages Transmission
Chapter 19.2 Pages 442-448 Transmission Immunity There are three lines of defense: 1 The skin and mucous membranes are a nonspecific barrier to infection. 2 Macrophages attack pathogens that enter the
More informationCommunicable diseases. Gastrointestinal track infection. Sarkhell Araz MSc. Public health/epidemiology
Communicable diseases Gastrointestinal track infection Sarkhell Araz MSc. Public health/epidemiology Communicable diseases : Refer to diseases that can be transmitted and make people ill. They are caused
More informationI. Wuchereria bancrofti
Parasites that affect the Musculoskeletal system (continued) Filarial Worms - Nematodes. - Tissue parasites. - Require an intermediate host, which is usually an insect. - Do not lay eggs like other worms,
More informationL:7, L:8 Parasitology
L:7, L:8 Parasitology 2.Fasciola hepatica Adult The adult Fasciola hepatica worm is flattened, leaf like shape, equipped with shoulders, somewhat oblong. Adult Fasciola hepatica measuring 3cm by 1cm in
More informationMany of you asked about this topic
Many of you asked about this topic Water borne disease: The largest water quality problem in developing countries. CEE 3510 Environmental Quality Engineering According to: Chemical and Engineering News
More informationVaccination. 1) Routes of administration
32. Classification of Poultry diseases-viral-bacterial-protozoan- causative organisms, symptoms and prevention Viral diseases Ranikhet disease Infectious bursal disease. Disease and their control. Disease
More informationTitle Text. Rash/Skin-Related Illnesses B-8
Title Text Rash/Skin-Related Illnesses B-8 Title Fifth Disease/Erythema Text Infectiosum/ Parvovirus B19 Note to Parents Recommended? Yes, mainly to advise susceptible women who are pregnant, or who might
More informationPUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE SEASONAL INFLUENZA AVIAN INFLUENZA SWINE INFLUENZA
INFLUENZA DEFINITION Influenza is an acute highly infectious viral disease characterized by fever, general and respiratory tract catarrhal manifestations. Influenza has 3 Types Seasonal Influenza Avian
More informationCommunicable Diseases
Lesson 5.1 Communicable Diseases By Carone Fitness You have probably been in a situation similar to Corry's. The common cold is a communicable disease. 1 Defined Communicable diseases are illnesses that
More informationImmune System Review. 1. State one way white blood cells protect the body from foreign microbes.
Name Immune System Review Date 1. State one way white blood cells protect the body from foreign microbes. 2. Cells of the immune system are able to respond to the presence of invading organisms because
More informationLEC 2, Medical biology, Theory, prepared by Dr. AYAT ALI
General Characteristics, Structure and Taxonomy of Viruses Viruses A virus is non-cellular organisms made up of genetic material and protein that can invade living cells. They are considered both a living
More informationChapter 13. Preventing Infectious Diseases. Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Preventing Infectious Diseases Preventing Infectious Diseases Contents Section 1 What Are Infectious Diseases? Section 2 Protecting Yourself from Infectious Diseases Section 3 Common Infectious Diseases
More informationTHE IMMUNE SYSTEM Chapter 40 (Miller & Levine)
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Chapter 40 (Miller & Levine) 40 1 Infectious Disease A. How Diseases Are Spread 1. Vectors animals that carry disease-causing organisms from person to person (ticks, mosquitos, other
More information4-H Horse and Pony Record 4-H 901 B Grade 12
4-H Horse and Pony Record 4-H 901 B Grade 12 Record for Year Name Grade in School Address (Street, Rural Route) City State Zip County Club Township Years in 4-H Years in Horse and Pony (including this
More informationPrinciples of Disease and Epidemiology
Principles of Disease and Epidemiology Symbiosis living together An association between two or more species and one species is typically dependent on the other Mutualism - Commensalism - Parasitism - Infection
More informationWarm Up. What do you think the difference is between infectious and noninfectious disease?
Warm Up What do you think the difference is between infectious and noninfectious disease? Infectious Diseases Chapter 14 Lesson 1: Types of Infectious Disease Infectious Diseases An infectious disease
More informationEQUINE VIRAL ARTERITIS
EQUINE VIRAL ARTERITIS Definition Clinical Signs Incubation Period Risk Factors Transmission Diagnostic Sampling, Testing and Handling Post-mortem Shedding of Virus Following Resolution of Clinical Signs
More informationIntroduction to Parasitic Helminths
Introduction to Parasitic Helminths Lecture 4 Medical Parasitology Course (MLAB 362) Dr. Mohamed A. El-Sakhawy 1 Parasitic Helminths Eukaryotic, multicellular animals that usually have digestive, circulatory,
More informationbacteria review 1. Which of the following structures is not found in bacteria?
Name: Date: 1. Which of the following structures is not found in bacteria? 5. How do human diseases caused by bacteria and diseases caused by viruses react to antibiotics? A. ribosome B. cytoplasm C. cell
More information4-H Horse and Pony Record 4-H 901 B Grade 6
4-H Horse and Pony Record 4-H 901 B Grade 6 Record for Year Name Grade in School Address (Street, Rural Route) City State Zip County Club Township Years in 4-H Years in Horse and Pony (including this year)
More informationUnit 5: The Kingdoms of Life Module 12: Simple Organisms
Unit 5: The Kingdoms of Life Module 12: Simple Organisms NC Essential Standard: 1.2.3 Explain how specific cell adaptations help cells survive in particular environments 2.1.2 Analyze how various organisms
More informationInfectious Disease. Unit 6 Lesson 1
Infectious Disease Unit 6 Lesson 1 Reminder Getting Started Pick up your Infectious Disease Notes Objectives Identify five types of infectious agents Describe ways in which infections can spread Explain
More informationDiseases: If you think about the spread of disease caused by parasites such as blindness, There are several infective causes of blindness :
Introduction : -The parasites are usually negligible and we don't take it seriously. - They cause diseases in the world. ( morbidity ) - Parasite means الطفيلي somebody who eats at someone else's table!!!!
More informationAscaris lumbricoides
Case History A 4-year-old Caucasian male child of Turkish nationality was admitted to the emergency department with Abdominal pain and biliary vomiting for three days. Physical Examination revealed abdomen
More informationChapter 4 Inflammation and Infection
Chapter 4 Inflammation and Infection Defense Mechanisms Three lines of defense protect the body against foreign invasion: Physical or surface barriers Inflammation Immune response Inflammation Non-specific
More informationInfectious Diseases through Viruses. Obj. 3.c. & 3.g.
Infectious Diseases through Viruses Obj. 3.c. & 3.g. Diseases Caused By Cells A disease is a condition that stops the body from functioning normally. Non-infectious diseases are not spread from person
More informationBacterial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity
Bacterial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity 1 st Lecture Introduction Infection and Disease A. Definitions B. Generalized Stages of Infection C. Virulence Factors and Toxins A. Definitions Disease and Infectious
More informationChapter 8 Review. 4. Scientists do not consider viruses as true living organisms because they
Chapter 8 Review Multiple Choice 1. A disruption of homeostasis can result in all of the following except A. illness C. disease B. death D. stability 2. Infectious diseases result from A. genetic defects
More informationThe Roundworms pg. 689
The Roundworms 27-2 pg. 689 What are the defining features of roundworms Advances over Platyhelminthes (the flatworms) Body plans and body systems 2 broad types and their example animals Parasitic worms:
More informationCommunicable Disease Guidelines
Note: This information is to assist in making decisions regarding the control of communicable diseases. It is not intended for the purposes of making diagnoses. Refer to disease specific information sheets
More informationIntroduction to Multicellular Parasites
Harriet Wilson, Lecture Notes Bio. Sci. 4 - Microbiology Sierra College Introduction to Multicellular Parasites Multicellular parasites are eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom Animalia (like us). Though
More informationThe Chain of Infection
The Chain of Infection As healthcare professionals, it is important to understand two things about infection: 1.the various ways infection can be transmitted 2. the ways the infection chain can be broken
More informationAcute respiratory illness This is a disease that typically affects the airways in the nose and throat (the upper respiratory tract).
Influenza glossary Adapted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US https://www.cdc.gov/flu/glossary/index.htm and the World Health Organization http://www.wpro.who.int/emerging_diseases/glossary_rev_sept28.pdf?ua=1
More informationUnit 23: Immunity from Disease
Unit 5 The Human Body Unit 23 Immunity from Disease- Unit 23: Immunity from Disease Name: Period: Page 1 of 51 Unit 5 The Human Body Unit 23 Immunity from Disease- Chapter 23 assignments Pages/Sections
More informationLEARNING OBJECTIVES Ø Describe the process or chain of infection. Ø Discuss the body s defenses for fighting infection and disease
Infectious Diseases LEARNING OBJECTIVES Ø Describe the process or chain of infection Ø Discuss the body s defenses for fighting infection and disease Ø Discuss the spread of infectious disease Ø Explain
More informationWarm-up. Parts of the Immune system. Disease transmission. Disease transmission. Why an immune system? Chapter 43 3/9/2012.
Warm-up Objective: Explain how antigens react with specific lymphocytes to induce immune response and immunological memory. Warm-up: Which of the following would normally contain blood with the least amount
More informationZoonosis = an infection or infestation which is shared in nature by man and lower vertebrate animals.
Zoonosis = an infection or infestation which is shared in nature by man and lower vertebrate animals. For the purposes of this presentation, "zoonotic disease" will be defined as a disease that is caused
More informationBelow you will find information about diseases, the risk of contagion, and preventive vaccinations.
Vaccinations Below you will find information about diseases, the risk of contagion, and preventive vaccinations. DTP - Diphtheria Tetanus Polio Yellow fever Hepatitis A Typhoid fever Cerebrospinal meningitis
More informationUniversity Of Jordan Faculty of Pharmacy
PharmD PharmD PharmD PharmD PharmD PharmD PharmD PharmD PharmD PharmD PharmD PharmD PharmD PharmD University of Jordan Faculty of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Microbiology (1) 1202341- Dr. Randa Haddadin PharmD-
More informationInfluenza. Gwen Clutario, Terry Chhour, Karen Lee
Influenza Gwen Clutario, Terry Chhour, Karen Lee Overview Commonly referred to as the flu Defined as a highly contagious viral infection where it starts at the upper respiratory tract and attacks the nose,
More informationUNIT 6: PHYSIOLOGY Chapter 31: Immune System and Disease
CORNELL NOTES Directions: You must create a minimum of 5 questions in this column per page (average). Use these to study your notes and prepare for tests and quizzes. Notes will be stamped after each assigned
More informationI. Lines of Defense Pathogen: Table 1: Types of Immune Mechanisms. Table 2: Innate Immunity: First Lines of Defense
I. Lines of Defense Pathogen: Table 1: Types of Immune Mechanisms Table 2: Innate Immunity: First Lines of Defense Innate Immunity involves nonspecific physical & chemical barriers that are adapted for
More informationFighting Disease. enter body bacteria produce TOXINS which enter bloodstream and travel throughout body
Pathogen: a disease-causing microorganism ex. parasites How Bacterial Pathogens Work Fighting Disease enter body bacteria produce TOXINS which enter bloodstream and travel throughout body WEBSITES Symptoms:
More informationVaccinating Heifers to Help Prevent Disease
Vaccinating Heifers to Help Prevent Disease This Infosheet covers: The use of vaccination to aid in control of clostridial diseases, leptospirosis, bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) and salmonellosis. Key points
More informationLecture 10 Immune System
Lecture 10 Immune System Lecture 10 1. Introduction 2. Nonspecific External Defenses 3. Innate Immune Response 4. Acquired Immune Response 5. Antibiotics and Vaccines 1 The not-so-common cold A cold is
More informationControlling livestock parasites through proper management and optimal nutrition. Katherine Petersson, PhD, University of Rhode Island
Controlling livestock parasites through proper management and optimal nutrition Katherine Petersson, PhD, University of Rhode Island Host/Parasite Relationships Which is parasitized? Host/Parasite Relationships
More informationThe Immune System it protects your health. Who are the invaders? Viruses tiny protein shells filled with DNA or RNA
The Immune System it protects your health Who are the invaders? Bacteria Viruses Pathogens Bacteria are very small and mostly harmless Single-celled organisms Only a few cause disease Extremely small,
More informationOPTIONAL GRADE 8 STUDY PACKET IMMUNE SYSTEM SC.6.L.14.5 AA
OPTIONAL GRADE 8 STUDY PACKET IMMUNE SYSTEM SC.6.L.14.5 AA SC.6.L.14.5 AA Identify and investigate the general functions of the major systems of the human body (digestive, respiratory, circulatory, reproductive,
More informationBody Defense Mechanisms
BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues Fifth Edition Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire 13 Body Defense Mechanisms Lecture Presentation Anne Gasc Hawaii Pacific University and University of
More informationInfectious And Parasitic Diseases Of Captive Carnivores
Infectious And Parasitic Diseases Of Captive Carnivores 1 / 7 2 / 7 3 / 7 Infectious And Parasitic Diseases Of Journal Articles References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)
More informationTETANUS, DIPHTHERIA, WHOOPING COUGH (Td/Tdap)
TETANUS, DIPHTHERIA, WHOOPING COUGH (Td/Tdap) WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ARE YOU SURE YOU USE THE RIGHT MEASURES TO PROTECT YOURSELF AGAINST TETANUS, DIPHTHERIA OR PERTUSSIS? GET INFORMED! GET VACCINATED! GET
More informationChapter 12 Preventing Infection
Chapter 12 Preventing Infection Infection is a major safety and health hazard. Minor infections cause acute illnesses and some infections are serious and can cause death. Microbe/microorganism is a small
More informationThe Lymphatic System and Immunity. Chapters 20 & 21
The Lymphatic System and Immunity Chapters 20 & 21 Objectives 1. SC.912.L.14.52 - Explain the basic functions of the human immune system, including specific and nonspecific immune response, vaccines, and
More informationINTRODUCTION TO PARASITOLOGY OBJECTIVES/RATIONALE
INTRODUCTION TO PARASITOLOGY OBJECTIVES/RATIONALE Parasitology is the study of organisms that derive their nourishment from other living things and cause damage. The student will identify the morphology
More informationThe Immune System and Disease
Chapter 40 The Immune System and Disease Section 40 1 Infectious Disease (pages 1029 1033) This section describes the causes of disease and explains how infectious diseases are transmitted Introduction
More informationA. Plasma - A little more than half of your blood is a watery portion termed plasma.
Lesson Three Blood and Immunity Outline II. Blood - Blood is composed of a cellular portion and a watery portion. It carries the essential life-sustaining nutrients, gases (oxygen) and wastes throughout
More informationThe Human Immune System. Video
The Human Immune System Video What is the immune system? The body s defense against disease causing organisms, malfunctioning cells, and foreign particles A collections of cells, tissues, and organs that
More informationTapeworm Infection. Tapeworm
Tapeworm Infection Introduction Tapeworm infection is caused by ingesting food or water that is contaminated with tapeworm eggs or larvae. Larvae are newly hatched tapeworms. A tapeworm may attach itself
More informationImmune System and Disease. Chapter 31
Immune System and Disease Chapter 31 31.1 PATHOGENS AND HUMAN ILLNESS Key Concept Germs cause many diseases in humans Microogranisms (microscopic particles) cause certain diseases proposed by Louis Pasteur
More information