WS National Rabies Management Program Update

Transcription

1 WS National Rabies Management Program Update 118 th USAHA A Annual Meeting, Providence, Rhode Island U.S. Rabies Statistics (214 Prelim) 6,381 rabies cases (incl. 1 human in MO) 92% of rabies cases in wildlife Up to 4, people exposed each year >$3 million annually Other 2% Dogs 1% Bats 29% Raccoons 32% Skunks 25% Foxes Cattle Cats 5% 5% 1% Rabies Variants in the U.S. (212) Kathy Nelson USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services National Rabies Management Program knelson@aphis.usda.gov * Potential host shift event United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Why Manage Rabies? Protect Human Health Protect Animal Health/Food Supply Protect Biodiversity/Rare Species Economics Economics of Raccoon Rabies Management Negative impacts of raccoon rabies spread By 235, raccoon variant rabies would be ~ $1.1 billion negative economic impact ~ $55 million/year >2 million livestock at risk Spread without intervention Wildlife Rabies Management Wildlife Public Health A worldwide strategy that promotes interdisciplinary collaboration recognizing Agriculture that human and animal health, including wildlife, are inextricably linked. NRMP Goals and Components ORV Bait Distribution in the U.S. Federal Funding Sources for WS NRMP Coordination & Collaborative Planning Oral Rabies Vaccination Enhanced Surveillance Public Health Surveillance I. Prevent the spread of specific terrestrial rabies variants in the United States II. Eliminate specific rabies variants at the local, regional, and national level Management & Monitoring Applied Research Contingency Actions >166 million baits Funding (Millions) Appropriated Funds Emergency Funds Sequestration* Fiscal Year * Beginning in 213, Texas Maintenance zone targets coyotes & foxes * Sequestration cut of $862,

2 NJ MA FL NY TX OH VT MD VA PA WV NH TN AL GA ME AZ NC NM NJ MA FL OH MD VA NH TN AL AZ NM NY VT PA GA NC TX WV ME FY 215 ORV Operations ORV Distribution in the U.S. (FY 215) Management with RABORAL V-RG ORV RABORAL V-RG is the only licensed ORV in the U.S. >16 million V-RG baits distributed in U.S. since 1992 Coordinated ORV with V-RG has resulted in 3 major accomplishments in the U.S. Baits Distributed: 1,616,424 Distance Flown: 364,618 km Area baited: 192,421 km 2 Hours of Flight: 1,443 Across 15 States Rabies Management Accomplishments ( ) No canine rabies in U.S. since 24, declared free in 27 One gray fox rabies case in Texas since May 29 No appreciable spread of raccoon rabies west Dog Coyote Other Dog-Coyote Variant Number of Cases Year Strategies for Raccoon Rabies Elimination Delphi Process Elimination through strategic management Percent positive rabies antibody response Raccoon Response to V-RG ( ) 21 Grand National Mean = 3.% Year % Positive rabies virus neutralizing antibodies at.5 IU/ml 43,882 samples 15 states 16 years First ONRAB Field Trial: 211 West Virginia ONRAB Field Trial Summary WV ONRAB Trial Summary Slate D, et al Safety and immunogenicity of ontario rabies vaccine bait (ONRAB) in the first us field trial in raccoons (Procyon lotor). J Wildl Dis, 5: (naïve): 9.6% (n = 395) (1 yr): 49.2% (n = 262) Applied Research West Virginia Concluded NY/VT/NH Concluded Ohio Concluded NY St. Lawrence Final year NY Niagara Frontier Cornell; Final year? West Virginia (skunks) Very high density and close flight lines Vermont Eastern Low bait density and low raccoon density Vermont Burlington Urban, high bait density, high raccoon density % RVNA in Raccoon Sera 75 baits/km 2 Rural Wadsworth.625 IU/ml represents RVNA positive

3 NY/VT/NH ONRAB Trial Summary % RVNA in Raccoon Sera 75 baits/km 2 Rural Ohio ONRAB Trial Summary % RVNA in Raccoon Sera 15 baits/km 2 Suburban NY STLAW ONRAB Trial Summary % RVNA in Raccoon Sera 75 baits/km 2 Rural Wadsworth.625 IU/ml represents RVNA positive Wadsworth.625 IU/ml represents RVNA positive Wadsworth.625 IU/ml represents RVNA positive West Virginia ONRAB Field Trial: Background 75 ONRABs/km 2 and 75 m flight line spacing for No raccoon rabies case since 212 Skunk rabies cases persisted Total Skunk ONRAB Field Trial West Virginia - Skunks WV VA 3 buffered ONRAB cells (127 km 2 each) Targeting skunks 15 traps/cell Sampling Pre and Post-ORV for 1 consecutive days Study areas = fixed-wing except villages (ground) 25 m flight line spacing at 3 baits/km 2 ONRAB: 418,5 baits Skunk telemetry 214 ONRAB West Virginia Skunk Telemetry Calculated overall and core home ranges before and after ONRAB Estimated potential bait locations using georeferenced flight lines ONRAB Transects Relative to Skunk Home Ranges 75 baits & 75 m 3 baits & 25 m 214 WV ONRAB Results % RVNA in Raccoon and Skunk Sera 3 baits/km2 Rural 215 Northeastern VT ONRAB Trial Avg baits/core HR (4) and /overall HR (2) Avg baits/core HR (17) and /overall HR (83) Raccoons Skunks 37.5 ONRAB baits/km 2 Standard flight lines (75 m) 9-1% RVNA previously Rural coniferous forest 2-3 raccoons/km2 Can bait still RVNA? Wadsworth.625 IU/ml represents RVNA positive

4 215 Burlington VT ONRAB Trial POI GPS for Ground Baiting (Burlington) 215 ONRAB Sera PRE EVT BVT FRNY SLNY OH WV Total Raccoons ,21 Skunks Other* Total ,33 15 ONRAB baits/km 2 All Ground baiting Urban/suburban Assume high raccoon density ( 15/km 2 ) POI = Point of Interest Push button technology Waterproof, crushproof Log up to 25, waypoints 25-hour rechargeable battery POST EVT BVT FRNY SLNY OH WV Total Raccoons ,47 Skunks Other* 1 1 Total ,254 * Other includes: gray and red foxes, coyotes and fishers. High Density ORV Baiting with RABORAL V-RG 214 VA RABORAL V-RG Study Area 214 VA RABORAL V-RG Study Results % of Rabies Virus Neutralizing Antibodies in Raccoon Sera Objectives: Determine RVNAs in ORV naïve area Determine RVNAs after initial baiting of 15 baits/km 2 over ORV naïve area Determine if RVNAs are higher in 15 zone compared to historic 75 zone Determine effect of 15 baits/km 2 on RVNA levels over time (3-yr study) baits/km2 15 baits/km Pre-VRG Post-VRG NWRC Study QA Wadsworth.125 and.625 IU/ml represents RVNA positive Program Metrics: Sampling (25-214) WS Enhanced Surveillance in the U.S. (214) Enhanced Surveillance: Sampling Emphasis 1, 8, 6, Serology Virus Neutralizing Antibodies (blood samples) Avg. >5,7 Surveillance Virus Antigen Detection (brainstem samples) Avg. >7,2 1, 8, 6, No human or pet exposure history Strange behaving animals Animals with suspect lesions Animals removed hot rabies focus Road kills/other dead animals Nuisance control or hunter harvested Proximity to ORV zones 4, 4, 2, 2,

5 Enhanced Rabies Surveillance by USDA/WS (25-215*) Enhanced Percent Surveillance drit Rabid by Rabid by Year Samples Tested drit drit 25 3,788 2, % 26 6,93 6, % 27 9,959 8, % 28 1,999 8, % 29 12,256 1, % 21 9,231 7, % 211 9,492 7, % 212 7,783 6, % 213 6,736 5, % 214 5,563 5, % 215* 3,658 3, % Total 86,395 71,886 1, % drit Contribution to Rabies Surveillance Samples Tested dfa drit 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Year drit samples comprise 6-8% of all annual submissions MABs Shortage. Problem Solved? Cooperative Agreement with The Wistar Institute Provided 5 bottles of MABs to WS Held 2 drit trainings in Philadelphia 9 WS staff attended WS continues drit confirmation at CDC and Wistar * Through 1/22/15 direct Rapid Immunohistochemical Test (drit) dfa from CDC s Rabies surveillance in the United States (26-213) Renewed Focus and Intensified ERS 215 ERS Initiative: Why Change Now? Need to increase surveillance in all states State WS programs approach and effort variable Program metrics under scrutiny Re-energize, refocus and provide BMPs to WS State programs Pilot Projects (ME, OH, WV, AL) 215 Maine Surveillance Pilot Project Focus Map Network Effort Accessibility Mailing Package Maine Rabies Listserv Office Personnel: Designated Phone # Flow Chart/Employee Availability Google Earth (.KMZ) GPS Track Logs Communication! Network Comparison in Maine Alabama Contingency Action 214 Network Contacts 75 Samples Collected Network Contacts 538 Samples Collected * * Thru 1/23/15

6 AL-TN-GA Surveillance in 215* Title US Strategic Plan: Update (215) Chair: Tim Algeo, WS NRMP 8 Person Interagency Committee Proposed Revisions Submitted Draft for Wider Review (October) Final Draft December 215 Rabies state ORV zone 25 negatives * Through 1/22/15 North American Rabies Management Plan: Update Build on Successful DELPHI Process in 216 Raccoon Rabies Elimination: Urban Challenges Chair: Kathy Nelson, WS NRMP International Committee Formed Long Term Process ( ) Canada Revising National Plan Proposed Action Plan at NARMP Meeting at RITA 26 Thad Cochran Define landscape level strategies for elimination BioEcon model to estimate the costs associated with raccoon rabies elimination scenarios Raccoon and skunk ecology? Baiting strategies? Rabies Positives in Allegheny County, PA (25-215) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Year Rabid # Baits Baits/km 2 % RVNA , , , , , 125/ , , , , , Pending Rabid , Pending Total 215 2,187, Avg 2% Allegheny Co. mean density = 31 raccoons/km 2 (n=17 studies) Where Are We Going? Maintain U.S. Canine Variant Rabies Free Focus on Raccoon Rabies Elimination Eliminate Texas Gray Fox Variant Mongoose Rabies Control in the Caribbean Explore Options for Skunks New Vision: Raccoon Rabies Free by 243 Summary of the State of the State 25 Years of program success, outlook remains good Methods work, but measured risk required Metrics and monitoring drive program Science-based; expectations management required Knowledge gaps Oral rabies vaccine and baiting strategies Complexities of urban habitats Applied research ongoing and key to success Focus on enhanced surveillance and raccoon rabies elimination

7 Questions?