Typing of ônh ôstaphylococcus epidermidis ôns ô Colonizing in Human Nares by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis
|
|
- Godwin Singleton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Microbiol. Immunol., 39(5), , 1995 Typing of ônh ôstaphylococcus epidermidis ôns ô Colonizing in Human Nares by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Lan Hu*, Akiko Umeda, and Kazunobu Amako Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812, Japan Received October 7, Accepted February 1, 1995 ônh ô Abstract ôns ô: From the nares of 11 healthy adults, 253 strains of coagulase negative staphylococcus were iso latedand 88% of them were identified as ônh ôstaphylococcus epidermidis ôns ô using the API STAPH system. Chromosomal DNA fingerprinting of the isolated strains revealed that each person carried multiple types of ônh ôs. epidermidis ôns ô in his or her pares. The colonization of the strains was not stable; the types of the isolates changed in the first and the second examinations 5 months apart. The results contrasted with previous findings in which only one strain of ônh ôs. aureus ôns ô colonized persistently in the nares of healthy adults. ônh ô Key words ôns ô: ônh ôstaphylococcus epidermidis ôns ô, Typing, Chromosomal DNA, Fingerprinting pattern, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), commen salorganisms of human skin or nasal cavity, are the principal cause of infections from prosthetic devices and indwelling catheters (7, 11, 14). Among the vari ousspecies of coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most frequently encountered species in these cases (2, 13). In contrast to S. aureus, which are isolated from about 30% of the nares of healthy adults, CNS can be isolated from almost all healthy adults (6). The generic DNA profile by pulsed-field gel elec trophoresis(pfge) has recently been utilized for the typing of staphylococcus. Consequently, a large degree of genomic diversity in staphylococci has been report ed(1, 4, 9, 10, 12, 14). In spite of such diversity of the strains, we previously demonstrated that only one strain of S. aureus persistently colonized in human nares while the infection of different types of S. aureus only seldom occurs (6). This study was conducted to determine the carriage state of S. epidermidis, so we typed the strains of S. epidermidis in the nares of healthy adults with DNA fingerprinting and showed that multiple types of the organism persistently colonized the nares of healthy adults. Materials and Methods Isolation of S. epidermidis. Bacteria were isolated *Address correspondence to Dr. Lan Hu, Department of Bac teriology,faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812, Japan. from the right nares of healthy adults using sterile wet cotton swabs (Eiken Kagaku Co., Ltd., Tokyo) on December 25, 1993 and May 15, Bacteria on the cotton swab were directly spread on a plate of staphylococcus selective medium No.110 (Eiken Kagaku Co., Ltd.). After incubating the plate at 37C for 48hr, the suspected colonies of staphylococcus other than S. aureus on the plate were selected and stored at nutrient agar. For the preparation of chromo somaldna, the bacteria was cultured in a nutrient broth at 37C with aeration. Identification of species. The identification of the isolated bacteria species was done using the API STAPH system (Bio merieux, S.A., Marcy I'Etoile, France) according to the manufacturer's instructions (3, 5). Preparation of chromosomal DNA. Chromosomal DNA of S. epidermidis was prepared by the method of Weil and McClelland (15). The bacteria in the late log phase were collected by centrifugation (3,500 ~g, 20min, washed with TE buffer (100mM tris-hcl and 1mM EDTA, ph 7.6) and suspended in 100mM EDTA buffer (ph 8.0) resulting in a concentration of 1 ~109 cells/ml. The suspension was then mixed with melted low-melting-point agarose L (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan). After solidification of the molten mixture, the block was treated with lysozyme (1mg/ml) and lysostaphin (0.5mg/ml) Abbreviations: CNS, coagulase-negative staphylococcus; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; PFGE, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; TE buffer, tris (hydroxymethyl) amino methane-edta. 315
2 316 L. HU ET AL (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A.) in 100mm EDTA buffer for 6-8 hr at 37 C and then treated with proteinase K (1 mg/ml) (Sigma Chemical Co.) in 250mm EDTA and 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate buffer for 12 hr at 50 C. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis. The agarose block prepared as described above was digested with endonuclease Smal or Sall (Toyobo Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan). The blocks were then loaded in the wells of a 1% agarose gel for electrophoresis. Electrophoresis was carried out with an apparatus for PFGE (CHEF- DR II, Bio-Rad Laboratory, Richmond, Calif., U.S.A.). The pulse time linearly increased during the initial 20 hr from 20 sec to 35 sec and from 40 sec to 70 sec in the following 7 hr. A lambda DNA ladder (Bio-Rad Laboratory) was used as a DNA size marker. Results The Carriage State of S. epidermidis in Healthy Adults All 11 persons tested carried CNS in their nares. In the first isolation on December 25, 1993, 126 suspected colonies suspected to be Staphylococcus but not S. aureus were isolated from the nares of 11 persons and 113 strains of these were identified as S. epidermidis by the API STAPH system. Four strains were S. capitis, while the other species were nontypable strains. In the second isolation on May 15, 1994, 127 strains were isolated, 111 of which were identified as S. epidermidis, 2 strains were S. capitis, while the other species were nontypable strains. These findings indicated that S. epidermidis is the most frequently encountered species of staphylococcus in human pares. Typing of S. epidermidis Strains with the API STAPH System Using the API STAPH system, the S. epidermidis strains were categorized into 6 biological types and then they were identified by Arabic numbers with 7 digits. As shown in Table 1, the predominant types of S. epidermidis isolated from the nares were No , No , and No ; these comprised 86% of the isolated S. epidermidis. These findings indicate that multiple types of strains might colonize in the nares of healthy human adults. This was further supported by typing the strains with the chromosomal DNA fingerprinting pattern (see next section). Typing by Chromosome DNA Fingerprinting Figure 1A shows the chromosomal DNA patterns digested with Smal of 20 strains isolated from the nares of two persons (L10 and L5) on the same day (December 25, 1993). The strains isolated from L5 were grouped into four DNA types while those of L10 were isolated into two types. Sall digestion gave Table 1. Typing of S. epidermidis by the API STAPH system Fig. 1. Chromosomal DNA fingerprinting of 20 strains isolated from healthy adults L5 and L10 on December 25, (A) the pattern by Smal digestion and (B) by Sall digestion. The molecular sizes of the DNA are shown to the right of the figure.
3 COLONIZATION OF S. EPIDERMIDIS IN HUMAN NARES 317 Fig. 2. The types of chromosomal DNA fingerprinting by SmaI digestion of 110 strains isolated from 11 healthy adults. The molecular sizes of the DNA are shown to the right of the figure. results similar to SmaI (Fig. 1B). However, no significant relationship between the DNA patterns and the biological types was found. For example, the strains from L10, which belong to the same biological type, showed a different DNA pattern. We extended this experiment to 110 strains of S. epidermidis isolated from 11 persons in the first isolation. The results are shown in Fig. 2. As can be seen in Fig. 1, the DNA patterns of the strains from 11 persons were diverse. One to four DNA patterns were found in the isolates from each person. For example, in Ll and L6 we recognized 3 different types but only one type in L9. This indicates that in the nares of one person 1 to 4 different types of S. epidermidis were colonized. Stability of the Strains Colonized in the Nares We have reported that only one strain of S. aureus demonstrated a stable colonization in the nares of each person (6). To see whether S. epidermidis could also show a stable colonization or not, we determined the DNA type of the strains isolated from the same person on two different days at an interval of 5 months. Figure 3 shows the DNA patterns of three randomly chosen cases (L1, L6, and L9). Similar results were also obtained in 8 other cases. In case Ll, we identified three DNA types in the first isolation (December 25, 1993), while in the second isolation 5 months later (May 15, 1994) we identified 5 types. In addition, the major type in the first isolation (8 strain) became a minor type in the second isolation (1 strain) (Fig. 3A, panels I and II). In the case of L6 we obtained similar results, but the number of types in the first isolation (3 types) decreased in the second isolation (2 types) (Fig. 3B, panels I and II). Case L9 was rather unique among the 11 cases. The DNA types of 10 strains in each isolation were identical. No change of type was found in this case (Fig. 3C, panels I and II). These results indicate that a multiple type of S. epidermidis was able to colonize in the nares of healthy adults, but not in a stable fashion. Discussion We isolated CNS from the nares of all 11 healthy adults, and 88% of them were identified as S. epidermidis using the API STAPH system. The typing of these strains by chromosomal DNA fingerprinting showed a great diversity of the types of this species and 30 types were identified. There were some minor differences in the patterns of DNA which are difficult to categorize as the same pattern. The interpretation of these minor differences is difficult since we do not yet know their underlying meaning. The presence of a shift in the size of one or two bands could be due to minor chromosome rearrangements. Large plasmids, if present, that could be linearized by digestion with the enzymes may also lead to an incorrect interpretation. Staphylococcal strains frequently harbor phage DNA which has the ability to either integrate or be excised from the chromosome, thereby creating a difference in the PFGE patterns (8). In this study, Smal digestion and PFGE were used to examine the chromosomal polymorphism of the human isolates of S. epidermidis. The experiment revealed that multiple types of strains colonized the nares of every person. In addition, the colonization by S. epidermidis does not seem to be stable. The isolates from the nares on two separate days about 5 months apart showed differences in DNA patterns. These results are in direct contrast to the colonization by S. aureus. The
4 318 L.HUETAL isolation rate of S. aureus from the nares is about 30% (6). The remaining 70% of the persons are non-carriers. Moreover, as we have examined the carrier state for a year, only one strain colonizes persistently in the nares, and replacement of the strain seldom occurs. It is difficult to interpret the differences in the colonization between these two species of staphylococci at present. The staphylococcal species colonizing the nares are mostly S. epidermidis while the other species colonizing seems to be rare. Therefore it is reasonable to assume that the nares are occupied predominantly by S. epidermidis and that the space for the other species is very limited. Regarding the great diversity of the DNA types of S. epidermidis, as discussed previously, we have to consider the presence of a plasmid or phage in these bacteria. It is less likely that the bacteria rapidly change their chromosomal DNA patterns during multiplication in the nares because, after culturing the two different types of strains in the same medium for more than 3 days, we were not able to find any changes in the DNA patterns of these strains. A more detailed analysis such as culturing several strains in the same medium for a longer time and some induced experiments are thus still needed before any definitive conclusions can be reached. References Fig. 3. Chromosomal DNA fingerprinting of 20 strains isolated from healthy adults Ll, L6, L9 on two separate days (I. December 25, 1993 and II. May 15, 1994). (A) L1 case. (B) L6 case. (C) L9 case. The molecular sizes of the DNA are shown to the right of the figure. 1) Etienne, J., Charpin, B., Grando, J., Brun, Y, Bes, M., and Fleurette, J Characterization of clinically significant isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis from patients with cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections. Epidemiol. Infect. 106: ) Gemmell, C.G Coagulase-negative staphylococci. J. Med. Microbiol. 22: ) Gemmell, C.G., and Dawson, J.E Identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci with the API STAPH system. J. Clin. Microbiol. 16: ) George, C.G., and Moos, WE Comparison of the Smal-digested chromosomes of Staphylococcus epidermidis and the closely related species Staphylococcus capitis and Staphylococcus caprae. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44: ) Giger, 0., Charilaou, C.C., and Cundy, K.R Comparison of the Staph-ident and DMS Staph-Trac systems with conventional methods used for the identification of coagulase-negative Staphylococci. J. Clin. Microbiol. 19: ) Hu, L., Umeda, A., Kondo, S., and Amako, K Typing of Staphylococcus aureus colonizing in human nares by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J. Med. Microbiol. 42: ) Leeming, J.P., Holland, K.T., and Cunliffe, W.J The microbial ecology of pilosebaceous units isolated from human skin. J. Gen. Microbiol. 130: ) Lina, B., Bes, M., Vandenesch, F., Greenland, T., Etienne,
5 COLONIZATION OF S. EPIDERMIDIS IN HUMAN NARES 319 J., and Fleurette, J Role of bacteriophages in generic variability of related coagulase-negative staphylococci. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 109: ) Lina, B., Vandenesch, F., Etienne, J., Kreiswirth, B., and Fleurette, J Comparison of coagulase-negative staphylococci by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 92: ) Linhardt, F., Ziebuhr, W., Meyer, P., Witte, W., and Hacker, J Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic restric tionfragments as a tool for the epidemiological analysis of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylo cocci.fems Microbiol. Lett. 95: ) Noble, W.C Skin microbiology: coming of age. J. Med. Microbiol. 17: ) Parisi, J.T Coagulase-negative staphylococci and the epidemiological typing of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Microbiol. Rev. 49: ) Roth, R.R., and James, W.D Microbial ecology of the skin. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 42: ) Vandenesch, F., Lina, B., Lebeau, Ch., Greenland, T.B., and Etienne, J Epidemiological markers of coagu lase-negative staphylococci. J. Intensive Care Med. 19: ) Weil, M.D., and McClelland, M Enzymatic cleav ageof a bacterial genome at a 10-base-pair recognition site. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:
Polyclonality of Staphylococcus epidermidis residing on the healthy ocular surface
Journal of Medical Microbiology (2007), 56, 77 82 DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.46810-0 Polyclonality of Staphylococcus epidermidis residing on the healthy ocular surface Mayumi Ueta, 1 Tetsuya Iida, 2 Masako Sakamoto,
More information(PFGE) Clostridium di$cile
2009 205 (PFGE) Clostridium di$cile 1) 3) 2) 2) 2) 2, 4) 5) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 21 5 22 21 8 31 2004 1 2008 12 5 Clostridium di$cile (C. di$cile) 340 248 A /B 141 (56.9) A /B 26 (10.5) A /B 81 (32.7) 136 (PFGE)
More informationT he use of central venous catheters as a means of access for
824 ORIGINAL ARTICLE DNA fingerprinting analysis of coagulase negative staphylococci implicated in catheter related bloodstream infections B M Dobbins, P Kite, A Kindon, M J McMahon, M H Wilcox... J Clin
More informationNew genomic typing method MLST
New genomic typing method MLST Bon KIMURA fingerprinting PFGE DNA multilocus sequence typingmlst alleles PFGE MLST 1990 PCR 1 PCR DNA PFGE 1 PFGE RAPDrandomly amplified polymorphic DNA 3 AFLPAmplified
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION. Bacterial strains and growth conditions. Streptococcus pneumoniae strain R36A was
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Bacterial strains and growth conditions. Streptococcus pneumoniae strain R36A was grown in a casein-based semisynthetic medium (C+Y) supplemented with yeast extract (1 mg/ml of
More informationwere interviewed with regard to the possible risk factors of prior colonization with MR coagulase-negative staphylococci
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Feb. 1988, p. 202-208 0066-4804/88/020202-07$02.00/0 Copyright 1988, American Society for MicrObiology Vol. 32, No. 2 Low-Level Colonization of Hospitalized Patients
More informationA new selective blood agar medium for Streptococcus pyogenes and other haemolytic streptococci
J. clin. Path. (1964), 17, 231 A new selective blood agar medium for Streptococcus pyogenes and other haemolytic streptococci E. J. L. LOWBURY, A. KIDSON, AND H. A. LILLY From the Medical Research Council
More informationDIABETIC FOOT ULCERS AND Staphylococcus aureus : NEW INSIGHTS
DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS AND Staphylococcus aureus : NEW INSIGHTS Lyon 9 décembre 2010 Some important points Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in France: 3 millions (4.5% of population, 11,2% > 65 ans) In 2000,
More informationaureus."' Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that this agent despite the availability of antimicrobial agents that are effective against
RICHARD E. DIXON* Department of Medicine, JAY S. GOODMAN * * George Vanderbilt Hunter University Laboratory, School of Medicine, M. GLENN KOENIG*** Nashville, Tennessee 3723 LYSOSTAPHIN: AN ENZYMATIC APPROACH
More informationImmunologically Induced and Elicited Local
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, Dec. 1970, p. 757-761 Copyright 1970 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 2, No. 6 Printed in U.S.A. Immunologically Induced and Elicited Local Resistance to Staphylococcus aureus
More informationAdenosine Triphosphate Bioluminescence Test of the Nasal Spray Nozzles Attached to an Ear-nose-throat Treatment Unit
Original J.TWMU Advance Publication Adenosine Triphosphate Bioluminescence Test of the Nasal Spray Nozzles Attached to an Ear-nose-throat Treatment Unit Yukie YAMAMURA, Tomoko EGAWA, Yukako SEO, and Manabu
More informationCOAGULATION OF HUMAN PLASMA BY PASTEURELLA PESTIS'
COAGULATION OF HUMAN PLASMA BY PASTEURELLA PESTIS' DANIEL M. EISLER Naval Biological Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California Received for publication June 27,
More informationEnterobacter aerogenes
Enterobacter aerogenes Piagnerelli M 1, Carlier E 1, Deplano A 3, Lejeune P 1, Govaerts D 2 1 Departments of Intensive Care and 2 Microbiology, A. Vésale Hospital. 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul. 3 Department
More informationSpore Formation Induced by Glycerol, Dimethyl Sulfoxide,
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Dec. 1980, p. 1076-1082 0021-9193/80/12-1076/07$2.00/0 Vol. 144, No. 3 Patterns of Protein Production in Myxococcus xanthus During Spore Formation Induced by Glycerol, Dimethyl
More informationBiological Consulting Services
Biological Consulting Services of North Florida/ Inc. May 13, 2009 Aphex BioCleanse Systems, Inc. Dear Sirs, We have completed antimicrobial efficacy study on the supplied Multi-Purpose Solution. The testing
More informationF. NAMAVAR", J. DE GRAAFF~, C. DE WITH$ AND D. M. MACLAREN"
NOVOBIOCIN RESISTANCE AND VIRULENCE OF STRAINS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS SAPROPH YTICUS ISOLATED FROM URINE AND SKIN F. NAMAVAR", J. DE GRAAFF~, C. DE WITH$ AND D. M. MACLAREN" *Laboratory of Medical Microbiology,
More informationCatheter tip cultures on open-heart surgery patients: associations with site of catheter and age of patients
Catheter tip cultures on open-heart surgery patients: associations with site of catheter and age of patients R FREEMAN, N HJERSING, AND ANITA BURRIDGE From the Department of Microbiology, Freman Hospital,
More informationAccumulation of Phosphate-Containing Granules. in the Nucleoid Area of ônh ôpseudomonas aeruginosa ôns ô
Microbiol. Immunol. Vol. 35 (5), 367-374, 1991 Accumulation of Phosphate-Containing Granules in the Nucleoid Area of ônh ôpseudomonas aeruginosa ôns ô Akemi TAKADE,*,1 Akiko UMEDA,1 Tsuyosi MISUMI,2 Yoshirou
More informationSpecificity and Mechanism of Tetracycline
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Feb., 1966 Vol. 91, No. 2 Copyright 1966 American Society for Microbiology Printed In U.S.A. Specificity and Mechanism of Resistance in a Multiple Drug Resistant Strain of Escherichia
More informationPRESENTER: DENNIS NYACHAE MOSE KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
18/8/2016 SOURCES OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINANTS IN BIOSAFETY LABORATORIES IN KENYA PRESENTER: DENNIS NYACHAE MOSE KENYATTA UNIVERSITY 1 INTRODUCTION Contamination occurs through avoidable procedural errors
More informationGenotypes and Enterotoxicity of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from the Hands and Nasal Cavities of Flight-Catering Employees
7 Journal of Food Protection, Vol., No., 000, Pages 7 9 Copyright, International Association for Food Protection Genotypes and Enterotoxicity of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from the Hands and Nasal
More informationELECTROPHORETIC STUDIES OF SONIC EXTRACTS OF PROTEUS VULGARIS
ELECTROPHORETIC STUDIES OF SONIC EXTRACTS OF PROTEUS VULGARIS I. EFFECT OF GROWTH ENVIRONMENT ON ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERNS' SIDNEY D. RODENBERG Laboratory of Microbiology, Division of Biology, University
More informationA Norazah, S M Liew, A G M Kamel, Y T Koh, V K E Lim. O r i g i n a l A r t i c l e
Singapore Med J 2001 Vol 42(1) : 015-019 O r i g i n a l A r t i c l e DNA Fingerprinting of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE): Comparison of Strains
More informationISOLATION AND SPECIES IDENTIFICATION OF COAGULASE NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES
CHAPTER - 3 ISOLATION AND SPECIES IDENTIFICATION OF COAGULASE NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES 3.1. Introduction CNS are widespread in nature and formerly regarded as harmless inhabitants
More informationBlair Bean Grade 9 Pittsburgh Central Catholic Highschool
Blair Bean Grade 9 Pittsburgh Central Catholic Highschool Variety of organisms that live in and on the body Skin Gastrointestinal tracts Nose Pharynx Mouth Conjunctiva Provide moisture, nourishment, and
More informationAsian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry Journal home page:
Research Article CODEN: AJPAD7 ISSN: 2321-0923 Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry Journal home page: www.ajpamc.com FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL WASH FOR NASAL HEALTH
More informationPetrifilm. Staph Express Count Plate. Interpretation Guide
3 Interpretation Guide Staph Express Count Plate This guide familiarizes you with results on 3M Staph Express Count Plates. For more information, contact the 3M Microbiology representative nearest you.
More informationScholars Research Library. Purification and characterization of neutral protease enzyme from Bacillus Subtilis
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Scholars Research Library J. Microbiol. Biotech. Res., 2012, 2 (4):612-618 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) Purification and characterization
More informationAntimicrobial Effects of Vinegar. Daniel Crawford Grade 9 Central Catholic High School
Antimicrobial Effects of Vinegar Daniel Crawford Grade 9 Central Catholic High School Antibacterial Agents Humans interest in microbial growth/survivorship for over 100 years Many products/technologies
More informationOral Candida biofilm model and Candida Staph interactions
Oral Candida biofilm model and Candida Staph interactions Mark Shirtliff, PhD Associate Professor Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School
More informationCHAPTER 6 EVALUATION OF SELECTED PLANT EXTRACTS FOR EVALUATION OF SELECTED PLANT EXTRACTS FOR ANTI-ACNE ACTIVITY
CHAPTER 6 EVALUATION OF SELECTED PLANT EXTRACTS FOR School of Science, SVKM s NMIMS University Page 119 6. EVALUATION OF SELECTED PLANT EXTRACTS FOR 6.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 6.1.1 Antimicrobial assays
More informationHydrogen Peroxide Influence on Microbial Survivorship. Jacob Cebulak Central Catholic Pittsburgh Grade 9
Hydrogen Peroxide Influence on Microbial Survivorship Jacob Cebulak Central Catholic Pittsburgh Grade 9 Problem Humans use excess hydrogen peroxide to clean wounds. The concentration used is often damaging
More informationMedical Microbiology
Lecture 5!!!!!!ƒš!!Œ!!! š!!œ!! Œ!!!! Dr. Ismail I. Daood Medical Microbiology!! Systematic Bacteriology Gram-Positive Cocci : GENUS : Staphylococcus : The general properties of Staphylococcus are Gram-
More informationVeerle Compernolle, Gerda Verschraegen, and Geert Claeys* Department of Microbiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Jan. 2007, p. 154 158 Vol. 45, No. 1 0095-1137/07/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/jcm.01115-06 Copyright 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Combined Use
More informationRole of Paired Box9 (PAX9) (rs ) and Muscle Segment Homeobox1 (MSX1) (581C>T) Gene Polymorphisms in Tooth Agenesis
EC Dental Science Special Issue - 2017 Role of Paired Box9 (PAX9) (rs2073245) and Muscle Segment Homeobox1 (MSX1) (581C>T) Gene Polymorphisms in Tooth Agenesis Research Article Dr. Sonam Sethi 1, Dr. Anmol
More informationlactose-fermenting variants (reds). Appreciable lactose utilization variants. Hershey and Bronfenbrenner (1936) found the non-lactosefermenting
THE LACTASE ACTIVITY OF ESCHERICHIA COLI- MUTABILE' CHARLES J. DEERE, ANNA DEAN DULANEY AND I. D. MICHELSON Department of Chemistry and Department of Bacteriology, University of Tennessee School of Biological
More informationEvaluation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization in pigs and people that work with pigs in Ontario Veterinary College
Evaluation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization in pigs and people that work with pigs in Ontario Veterinary College Final Report September 2007 This research has been possible
More informationLoss of Sensitivity to EDTA by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Grown under Conditions of Mg-Limitation
J. gen. Microbiol. (1g6g), 54, 439-444 Printed in Great Britain 439 Loss of Sensitivity to EDTA by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Grown under Conditions of Mg-Limitation By M. R. W. BROWN AND J. MELLING Pharmaceutical
More informationAnnexure III SOLUTIONS AND REAGENTS
Annexure III SOLUTIONS AND REAGENTS A. STOCK SOLUTIONS FOR DNA ISOLATION 0.5M Ethylene-diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) (ph=8.0) 1M Tris-Cl (ph=8.0) 5M NaCl solution Red cell lysis buffer (10X) White cell
More informationSTUDY OF IMPETIGO AND THE RESISTANCE PATTERN OF THE ISOLATES TO VARIOUS ANTIBIOTICS
STUDY OF IMPETIGO AND THE RESISTANCE PATTERN OF THE ISOLATES TO VARIOUS ANTIBIOTICS Abstract Pages with reference to book, From 129 To 132 Aqeel Ahmad, Khursheed Ali Khan ( Department of Microbiology,
More informationMulti-clonal origin of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates. determined by multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis
JCM Accepts, published online ahead of print on 30 May 2012 J. Clin. Microbiol. doi:10.1128/jcm.00678-12 Copyright 2012, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. 1 2 Multi-clonal origin
More informationD. A. Leigh and G. Joy. Department of Microbiology, Wycombe General Hospital, High Wycombe, Bucks HP11 2TT, UK
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (13) 31, 0-17 Treatment of familial staphylococcal infection comparison of mnpirocin nasal ointment and chlorhexidine/neomycin (aseptin) cream in eradication of nasal
More informationStaphylococci. What s to be Covered. Clinical Scenario #1
Staphylococci Micrococcus, which, when limited in its extent and activity, causes acute suppurative inflammation (phlegmon), produces, when more extensive and intense in its action on the human system,
More informationClinical Failure of Vancomycin Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern Brazil
224 BJID 2003; 7 (June) Clinical Failure of Vancomycin Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern Brazil Larissa Lutz, Adão Machado, Nadia Kuplich and Afonso Luís
More informationWhat s to be Covered. Microbiology of staphylococci Epidemiology of S. aureus infections Pathogenesis of S. aureus infections
Staphylococci Micrococcus, which, when limited in its extent and activity, causes acute suppurative inflammation (phlegmon), produces, when more extensive and intense in its action on the human system,
More informationCOPPER AND STREPTOMYCIN RESISTANCE IN BACTERIAL STRAINS ISOLATED FROM STONE FRUIT ORCHARDS IN NEW ZEALAND
Fruit Disease Management 101 COPPER AND STREPTOMYCIN RESISTANCE IN BACTERIAL STRAINS ISOLATED FROM STONE FRUIT ORCHARDS IN NEW ZEALAND J.L. VANNESTE 1, G.F. McLAREN 2, J. YU 1, D.A. CORNISH 1 and R. BOYD
More information6-8 November EICC, Edinburgh. Registration now open Abstract submission deadline: June 24th
6-8 November EICC, Edinburgh Registration now open Abstract submission deadline: June 24th An outbreak of prosthetic valve endocarditis Dr Tim Boswell Consultant Medical Microbiologist Nottingham Case
More informationDental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada *For correspondence:
Zymogram Assay for the Detection of Peptidoglycan Hydrolases in Streptococcus mutans Delphine Dufour and Céline M. Lévesque * Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto,
More informationAn Automated Membrane Filtration System for Direct Gram Staining
1507 An Automated Membrane Filtration System for Direct Gram Staining G. Tsabary 1, D. Gohman 1, D. Shimonov 1, Y. Gluckman-Yavo 1, A. Shinderman 1, G. Ingber 1 and M. Pezzlo 2 1 POCARED Diagnostics, Ltd.,
More informationSodium-Lauryl Sarcosinate
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Sept. 1973, p 717-722 Copyright 0 1973 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 115, No. 3 Printed in U.SA. Solubilization of the Cytoplasmic Membrane of Escherichia coli by the
More informationSurvival of Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria in
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Mar. 1968, p. 445-449 Copyright 1968 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 16, No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. Survival of Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria in Chicken Meat During Freeze-Dehydration,
More informationThe New England Journal of Medicine. Case Ascertainment
SURVEILLANCE FOR ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 INFECTIONS IN MINNESOTA BY MOLECULAR SUBTYPING JEFFREY B. BENDER, D.V.M., M.S., CRAIG W. HEDBERG, PH.D., JOHN M. BESSER, M.S., DAVID J. BOXRUD, B.S., KRISTINE
More informationFIT TECHNICAL DATA. Summary of Research Studies and Production Trials
FIT TECHNICAL DATA Summary of Research Studies and Production Trials Fit Efficacy vs. Bacteria Pathogens Bacteria Pathogen Staphylococcus Aureus (ATCC 8) Listeria Monocytogenes (ATCC 9) Escherichia Coli
More informationStudies on the Seif-Disinfecting
Studies on the Seif-Disinfecting Power of the Skin* JOHN F. NORTON, PH. D., F. A. P. H. A., AND MARGUERITE F. NOVY Department of Health, Detroit, Mich. A RNOLD and his coworkers' have reported experiments
More informationRAPID REDUCTION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS POPULATIONS ON STAINLESS STEEL SURFACES BY ZEOLITE CERAMIC COATINGS CONTAINING SILVER AND ZINC IONS
RAPID REDUCTION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS POPULATIONS ON STAINLESS STEEL SURFACES BY ZEOLITE CERAMIC COATINGS CONTAINING SILVER AND ZINC IONS INE 2 (CAR HEADLINE 2) By: K. R. Bright C. P. Gerba P. A. Rusin
More informationAn epidemiological study of Staphylococcus intermedius strains isolated from dogs, their owners and veterinary surgeons
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 44 (1997) 49 64 An epidemiological study of Staphylococcus intermedius strains isolated from dogs, their owners and veterinary surgeons Royston Goodacre a, *,
More informationInactivation of haemolysin production in Escherichia coli by transposon insertion results in loss of virulence
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 49 (1983) 23-30 Inactivation of haemolysin production in Escherichia coli by transposon insertion results in loss of virulence C. WAALWIJK a AND J. DE GRAAFF 2 Departments of 1
More informationStaphylococci in Competition'
II. Staphylococci in Competition' Effect of Total Numbers and Proportion of Staphylococci in Mixed Cultures on Growth in Artificial Culture Medium A. C. PETERSON, J. J. BLACK, AND M. F. GUNDERSON Department
More informationExercise 15-B PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIA CONTINUED: AMINO ACID DECARBOXYLATION, CITRATE UTILIZATION, COAGULASE & CAMP TESTS
Exercise 15-B PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIA CONTINUED: AMINO ACID DECARBOXYLATION, CITRATE UTILIZATION, COAGULASE & CAMP TESTS Decarboxylation of Amino Acids and Amine Production The decarboxylation
More informationEffects of Ethyl Alcohol on Microbial Survivorship. Tim Olson 9th Grade Central Catholic High School
Effects of Ethyl Alcohol on Microbial Survivorship Tim Olson 9th Grade Central Catholic High School Ethyl Alcohol Pure alcohol or drinking alcohol Oldest recreational drug Alcohol intoxication Inhibits
More informationSimpson (1928), Julianelle (1937), Thompson and Khorazo. that the pathogenic strains, (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus
THE RELATION OF AEROBIOSIS TO THE FERMENTATION OF MANNITOL BY STAPHYLOCOCCI EUGENIA VALENTINE COLWELL Laboratory of Industrial Hygiene Inc., New York City Received for publication August 5, 1938 While
More informationRifampin Resistance. Charlottesville, Virginia i0w organisms in Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Apr. 1980, p. 658-662 0066-4804/80/04-0658/05$02.00/0 Vol. 17, No. 14 Treatment of Experimental Staphylococcal Infections: Effect of Rifampin Alone and in Combination
More informationGB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB4789.10-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Sales@ChineseStandard.net GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GB 4789.10-2016 National food safety standard
More informationBY ZACHARY MODISPACHER 11 TH GRADE CENTRAL CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL
BY ZACHARY MODISPACHER 11 TH GRADE CENTRAL CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL INTRODUCTION Chicken is one of the most consumed meats in the world, though can pose health risks (salmonella). Salmonella was thought only
More informationGlucose Oxidase Pellets
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING VOL. XIX (1977) Glucose Oxidase Pellets INTRODUCTION Considerable world-wide interest has arisen in the use of immobilized enzymes as catalysts in industrial process and
More informationSynergistic Effects of Vitamin B12 and Creatine on Microbes. Jake Rocchi CCHS, 11th grade 2nd year in PJAS
Synergistic Effects of Vitamin B12 and Creatine on Microbes Jake Rocchi CCHS, 11th grade 2nd year in PJAS Vitamin B12 Water-soluble vitamin Needed for proper functioning in brain, nervous system, and blood
More informationBiofilm and the role of the ica operon and aap in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates causing neurosurgical meningitis.
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland e-publications@rcsi Medicine Articles Department of Medicine 1-7-2008 Biofilm and the role of the ica operon and aap in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates causing
More informationigem2013 Microbiology BMB SDU
igem2013 Microbiology BMB SDU Project type: Creation of Biobrick with Prenyltransferase Project title: Biobrick_Prenyltransferase Sub project: Creation date: 13.08.09 Written by: SIS Performed by: PRA,
More informationProficiency Testing. Food Microbiology. October 2015
Proficiency Testing Food Microbiology October 215 Edition Version 1 (215-11-26) Editor in chief Hans Lindmark, head of Biology department, National Food Agency Responsible for the scheme Laurence Nachin,
More informationReduction of Population Levels of Some Indigenous Bacteria by Lactobacilli in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Gnotobiotic Rats
Microbiol. Immunol. Vol. 21 (9), 495-503, 1977 Reduction of Population Levels of Some Indigenous Bacteria by Lactobacilli in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Gnotobiotic Rats Tsugio WATANABE, Masami MOROTOMI,
More informationEvaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Odor Eliminating Compounds
Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Odor Eliminating Compounds Yuan Zeng, Bingyu Li, Anwar Kalalah, Sang-Jin Suh, and S.S. Ditchkoff Summary Antibiotic activity of ten commercially available odor eliminating
More informationGram Positive Coccus Staphylococci Dr. Hala Al Daghistani
Medical bacteriology Gram Positive Coccus Staphylococci Dr. Hala Al Daghistani The Staphylococci are gram-positive spherical cells, nonmotile, usually arranged in grapelike irregular clusters. Some are
More informationBACTERIA. media for bacteria highly desirable. Douglas and Gordon in England, and more recently Meyer in this country, have proposed
YEAST AUTOLYSATE AS A CULTURE MEDIUM FOR BACTERIA I. J. KLIGLER From the Laboratories of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research Received for publication November 23, 1918 The necessity for conserving
More informationIsolation and identification of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickensbn from industrial farms in Kerman province
Available online at http://www.ijabbr.com International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research Volume 2, Issue 1, 2014: 100-104 Isolation and identification of Mycoplasma gallisepticum
More informationWestern Blot Analysis of Rat Pituitar Recognized by Human Antipituitary. y Antigens A. antibodies
Endocrine Journal 1995, 42(1), 115-119 NOTE Western Blot Analysis of Rat Pituitar Recognized by Human Antipituitary y Antigens A ntibodies SHIGEKI YABE, MASAMI MURAKAMI*, KAYOKO MARUYAMA, HIDEKO MIWA,
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Purification and biochemical properties of SDS-stable low molecular weight alkaline serine protease from Citrullus Colocynthis Muhammad Bashir Khan, 1,3 Hidayatullah khan, 2 Muhammad
More informationProtein MultiColor Stable, Low Range
Product Name: DynaMarker Protein MultiColor Stable, Low Range Code No: DM670L Lot No: ******* Size: 200 μl x 3 (DM670 x 3) (120 mini-gel lanes) Storage: 4 C Stability: 12 months at 4 C Storage Buffer:
More informationEnrichment culture of CSF is of limited value in the diagnosis of neonatal meningitis
Enrichment culture of CSF is of limited value in the diagnosis of neonatal S. H. Chaudhry, D. Wagstaff, Anupam Gupta, I. C. Bowler, D. P. Webster To cite this version: S. H. Chaudhry, D. Wagstaff, Anupam
More informationGenotype Variation in H. Pylori Isolates from Iranian Patients by RAPD-PCR
Genotype Variation in H. Pylori Isolates by RAPD-PCR Genotype Variation in H. Pylori Isolates from Iranian Patients by RAPD-PCR Siavoshi F Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Tehran University
More informationA SURVEY OF METHICILLIN RESISTANCE
170 Drug Resistance A SURVEY OF METHICILLIN RESISTANCE IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS M. T. PARKER AND M. PATRICIA JEVONS CrossInfection Reference Laboratory, Colindale, London, N.W.9. IN an earlier symposium
More informationComparison of Mutans Streptococcal Strains of Father, Mother, and Child in Indian Families using Chromosomal Dna Fingerprinting
JCDP 10. 5005/jp-journals-10024-1425 Original Research Comparison of Mutans Streptococcal Strains of Father, Mother, and Child in Indian Families using Chromosomal Comparison of Mutans Streptococcal Strains
More informationcolorimetrically by the methylene blue method according to Fogo and manometrically. In the presence of excess sulfur the amount of oxygen taken up
GLUTA THIONE AND SULFUR OXIDATION BY THIOBACILLUS THIOOXIDANS* BY ISAMU SUZUKI AND C. H. WERKMAN DEPARTMENT OF BACTERIOLOGY, IOWA STATE COLLEGE Communicated December 15, 1958 The ability of Thiobacillus
More informationJCM Accepts, published online ahead of print on 5 March 2008 J. Clin. Microbiol. doi: /jcm
JCM Accepts, published online ahead of print on March 00 J. Clin. Microbiol. doi:0./jcm.00-0 Copyright 00, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved.
More informationEcology of Nasal Staphylococci
JOURNAL OF BACrERIOLOGY, May, 1965 Vol. 89, No. 5 Copyright @ 1965 American Society for Microbiology Printed in U.S.A. Ecology of Nasal Staphylococci NOUR A. DAVIS AND GC. H. G. DAVIS Department of Microbiology,
More informationRecombinant Trypsin, Animal Origin Free
Recombinant Trypsin, Animal Origin Free PRODUCT INFORMATION: BioGenomics r-trypsin powder is ready to use, animal origin free optimized for cell culture applications. It is derived by r-dna technology.
More informationWilliams Lab Recipes ANTIBIOTICS
Williams Lab Recipes ANTIBIOTICS 1000x Ampicillin (sodium salt) 100mg/ml recipe 1. Measure out 1 g of Ampicillin tri hydrate 2. Add Milli-Q H2O to 10 ml 3. Add ~.1 g of NaOH pellets (half pellet or more
More informationStudy of Bordetella pertussis in a Whooping Cough Outbreak
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Feb. 1994, p. 398-402 0095-1137/94/$04.00+0 Copyright C 1994, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 32, No. 2 Use of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis for Epidemiological
More informationAnalysis of phenotypic variants of the serogroup C ET-15 clone of Neisseria meningitidis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
JCM Accepts, published online ahead of print on 9 May 2007 J. Clin. Microbiol. doi:10.1128/jcm.00908-07 Copyright 2007, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights
More informationChromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIPs) Protocol (Mirmira Lab)
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIPs) Protocol (Mirmira Lab) Updated 12/3/02 Reagents: ChIP sonication Buffer (1% Triton X-100, 0.1% Deoxycholate, 50 mm Tris 8.1, 150 mm NaCl, 5 mm EDTA): 10 ml 10 % Triton
More informationIsolation of Staphylococcus aureus from sputum in cystic fibrosis
Journal of Clinical Pathology, 1978, 31, 913-918 Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from sputum in cystic fibrosis P. D. SPARHAM, D. I. LOBBAN, AND D. C. E. SPELLER From the Bacteriology Department, Bristol
More informationSTUDY ON THE EFFECT OF PROCESSED MILK PROTEIN ON ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME ACTIVITY IN RATS
~0 \~'>J~ ';vi- \}~O- STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF PROCESSED MILK PROTEIN ON ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME ACTIVITY IN RATS BY LOHINI VIJAYENDRAN ATHITHTHAN Library - USJP 11\\1 \111\ 1\1\1 \\111 1\1\1 \\111
More informationDiscussion points CLSI M100 S19 Update. #1 format of tables has changed. #2 non susceptible category
Discussion points 2009 CLSI M100 S19 Update Nebraska Public Health Laboratory Changes most important to routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Documents available Janet Hindler discussion slide
More informationCHAPTER 4 RESULTS. showed that all three replicates had similar growth trends (Figure 4.1) (p<0.05; p=0.0000)
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 4.1 Growth Characterization of C. vulgaris 4.1.1 Optical Density Growth study of Chlorella vulgaris based on optical density at 620 nm (OD 620 ) showed that all three replicates had similar
More informationDouble charge of 33kD peak A1 A2 B1 B2 M2+ M/z. ABRF Proteomics Research Group - Qualitative Proteomics Study Identifier Number 14146
Abstract The 2008 ABRF Proteomics Research Group Study offers participants the chance to participate in an anonymous study to identify qualitative differences between two protein preparations. We used
More informationNorovirus Report. Can copper and silver ionisation kill norovirus? A Study Report
Norovirus Report Can copper and silver ionisation kill norovirus? A Study Report Can copper and silver ionisation kill norovirus? A Study Report Introduction Norovirus is the leading cause of non-bacterial
More informationStaphylococcus aureus Epidemic in a Burn Unit
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Sept. 1983, p. 683-688 95-1137/83/9683-6$2./ Copyright C 1983, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 18, No. 3 Environmental Study of a Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus
More informationEPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS OF THE RABBIT.
Published Online: 1 February, 1925 Supp Info: http://doi.org/10.1084/jem.41.2.275 Downloaded from jem.rupress.org on November 3, 2018 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS OF THE RABBIT. VI.
More informationEffect of Antimicrobial Soap Containing Chlorhexidine on the
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, June 1976, p. 931-935 Copyright 1976 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 31, No. 6 Printed in U.S.A. Effect of Antimicrobial Soap Containing Chlorhexidine on
More information