LIST OF FIGURES. viii

Transcription

1 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Consonantal Potential As System Network...2 Figure 1.2 A System Network Selected For /p/ / / /s/ and /V/...3 Figure 1.3 Linguistic Strata...4 Figure 1.4 The Hierarchy Of Organised Complexity...17 Figure 1.5 Linguistic Phenomena In The Hierarchy Of Organised Complexity...18 Figure 1.6 Plane And Stratum Relations...23 Figure 1.7 Phonological Texture As Arising From Both Phonological Structure And Phonological Cohesion (Phonology Lexicogrammar Interaction Patterns)...36 Figure 1.8 Syllable, Foot And Tone Group As Three Phonological Quanta...44 Figure 1.9 Articulation, Rhythm And Intonation As Three Quantum Fields...48 Figure 1.10 Sonority Scale Of Feature States As Cline Of Syllable Nuclearity...52 Figure 1.11 Phonological Quanta As Textual Structures...56 Figure 2.1 Articulatory Quantum As Textual Structure...59 Figure 2.2 Dynamic Representation Of The Textual Structure Of The Syllable...59 Figure 2.3 Synoptic Representation Of The Textual Structure Of The Syllable...60 Figure 2.4 The Logical Structure Of The Syllable: Onset^Rhyme As Nexus Of Premodification...62 Figure 2.5 The Logical Structure Of The Syllable: Syllable As A Nexus Of Premodification, Each Phase Nesting Postmodification...62 Figure 2.6 Rhythmic Quantum As Textual Structure...80 Figure 2.7 Dynamic Representation Of The Textual Structure Of The Foot...80 Figure 2.8 Synoptic Representation Of The Textual Structure Of The Foot...81 Figure 2.9 The Logical Structure Of The Foot: Ictus^Remiss As Nexus Of Postmodification...82 Figure 2.10 Intonational Quantum As Textual Structure...94 Figure 2.11 Dynamic Representation Of The Textual Structure Of The Tone Group...94 Figure 2.12 Synoptic Representation Of The Textual Structure Of The Tone Group...95 Figure 2.13 The Logical Structure Of The Tone Group: Pretonic^Tonic As Nexus Of Premodification...96 Figure 2.14 The Logical Structure Of The Tone Group: Tone Group As A Nexus Of Premodification With Nesting...97 Figure 2.15 The Logical Structure Of The Tone Group...97 Figure 3.1 Decontextualised Consonant Potential Of Irish As System Network Figure 3.2 Onset Head Potential Of Irish As System Network Figure 3.3 Irish Onset Modifier Potential As System Network Figure 3.4 Irish Onset Modifier Potential As System Network Figure 3.5 Constrained Irish Onset Modifier Potential As System Network Figure 3.6 Constrained Irish Onset Modifier Potential As System Network Figure 3.7 Irish Long Peak Potential As System Network (Provisional) Figure 3.8 Irish Long Peak Potential As System Network (Provisional) Figure 3.9 Irish Long Peak Potential As System Network Figure 3.10 Irish Long Peak Potential As System Network Figure 3.11 Irish Short Peak Potential As System Network Figure 3.12 Irish Peak Potential As System Network Figure 3.13 Irish Peak Potential As System Network Figure 3.14 Irish Peak Potential As System Network...150

2 ix Figure 3.15 Irish Peak Potential As System Network Figure 3.16 Offset Potential For Irish As System Network Figure 3.17 Irish Offset Potential As System Network Figure 3.18 Irish Offset Potential As System Network Figure 4.1 Irish Outset Potential As System Network Selection Figure 4.2 Irish Outset Potential As System Network Selection Figure 4.3 Irish Coda Head Potential As System Network Figure 4.4 Irish Coda Head Potential As System Network Figure 4.5 Irish Coda Modifier Potential As System Network Selection Figure 4.6 Irish Coda Modifier Potential As System Network Selection Figure 4.7 The Vowelscape Figure 4.8 The Vowelscape As Posture Aperture Topology Figure 4.9 Irish [long] Peak Topology As Contextual Deformation Figure 4.10 The Vowelscape As Bipolar Posture Topology Figure 4.11 Irish [short] Peak Topology Figure 4.12 A Correlation Of The Rhythmic And Lexicogrammatical Contexts For Articulatory Mutation In Old Irish Figure 5.1/1.5 Linguistic Systems In The Hierarchy Of Organised Complexity Figure 5.2 Linguistic Memes As Information Content-Medium Correlations Figure 5.3 Developmental Pathway Provided By The Information Unit As Content Expression Correlation Figure 5.4 Biological Environments Of Linguistic Meme Systems Figure 5.5 Articulation In The Phonological Hierarchy Figure 5.6/1.3 Phonology In The Linguistic Meme Hierarchy Figure 5.7 Phonology In The Semiotic Context Hierarchy Figure 5.8 Phonology In The Lectal Hierarchy Figure 5.9 Cladogenesis As Gradual Loss Of Commonality Figure 6.1 Clause As Cline Of Experiential Nuclearity Figure 6.2 Nominal Group As Cline Of Nuclearity Figure 6.3 Language And Semiotic Context As Emergent Memetic Hierarchy Figure A1.1 Decontextualised Obstruent Consonant Potential Of AuE As System Network Figure A1.2 Decontextualised Obstruent And Nasal Consonant Potential Of AuE As System Network Figure A1.3 Decontextualised Approximant Consonant Potential Of AuE As System Network Figure A1.4 Decontextualised Consonant Potential Of AuE As System Network Figure A1.5 Decontextualised Vocalic Potential Of AuE As System Network Figure A1.6 Decontextualised Articulatory Potential Of AuE As System Network Figure A1.7 Onset Head Potential For AuE As System Network Figure A1.8 Onset Head Potential For AuE As System Network Figure A1.9 Inset Potential For AuE As System Network Figure A1.10 Inset Potential For AuE As System Network Figure A1.11 Constrained Inset Potential For AuE As System Network Figure A1.12 Constrained Inset Potential For AuE As System Network Figure A1.13 Peak Potential Of AuE As System Network Figure A1.14 Peak Potential For AuE As System Network Figure A1.15 The Vowelscape...392

3 x Figure A1.16 The Vowelscape As Posture Aperture Topology Figure A1.17 AuE Vowel Topology: Distinct Short Locations As Contextual Deformation Figure A1.18 Peak Potential: System Network Of AuE Short Vowels Incorporating Feature Preponderance Figure A1.19 Peak Potential: System Network Of AuE Short Vowels Incorporating Feature Preponderance Figure A1.20 Obscure Vowel Topology For AuE: Reduced Posture And Aperture Distinction As A Single State Figure A1.21 Peak Potential: System Network Of AuE Short Vowels Incorporating Feature Preponderance And Vowel Reduction Figure A1.22 Peak Potential: System Network Of AuE Short Vowels Incorporating Feature Preponderance And Vowel Reduction Figure A1.23 Offset Potential For AuE As System Network Figure A1.24 Offset Potential For AuE As System Network Figure A1.25 Constrained Offset Potential For AuE As System Network Figure A1.26 Constrained Offset Potential For AuE As System Network Figure A1.27 Outset Potential For AuE As System Network Figure A1.28 Coda Head Potential For AuE As System Network Figure A1.29 Coda Head Potential For AuE As System Network Figure A1.30 The Full Set Of Coda Modifier Potential Of AuE As System Network Figure A1.31 Coda Modifier Potential For AuE As System Network Figure A1.32 Inflectional Cauda Potential For AuE As System Network Figure A1.33 Derivational Cauda Potential For AuE As System Network Selection...452

4 xi LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 A Consonant Inventory Categorised By Features...2 Table 1.2 A Sonority Scale Of Sound Classes...51 Table 2.1 Turkish Vowels Categorised By Three Binary Feature Systems...72 Table 3.1 Irish Consonants Categorised By Features Table 3.2 The Effect Of Secondary Articulation On Consonant Alignment Table 3.3 Irish Onset Heads Categorised By Features Table 3.4 Irish Onset Heads Occurring Lexical-Initially (In The Absence Of Initial Consonant Mutation) Table 3.5 Irish Onset Heads Signalling Lexicogrammatical Noninitiality Table 3.6 Irish Onset Modifiers Categorised By Features Table 3.7 Irish Complex Onsets With [oral] Postmodification Table 3.8 Irish Complex Onsets With [nasal] Postmodification Table 3.9 Irish Long Peaks (Phonemic Interpretation) Table 3.10 Irish Long Peaks Categorised By Features Table 3.11 Instances Of Irish Words Realised By Long Peaks Table 3.12 Irish Diphthongs /ay/ and /aw/ (Phonemic Interpretation) Table 3.13 Irish [open] Long Peaks Table 3.14 Instances Of Irish Words Realised By Long Peaks With [delayed] Posture Table 3.15 Irish Distinct Short Peaks (Phonemic Interpretation) Table 3.16 Irish Distinct Short Peaks Categorised By Features Table 3.17 Instances Of Irish Words Realised By Short Peaks Table 3.18 Irish Obscure Peaks (Phonemic Interpretation) Table 3.19 Irish Obscure Peaks Categorised By Features Table 3.20 Instances Of Irish Words Realised By Obscure Peaks Table 3.21 Irish Offsets Categorised By Features Table 3.22 Instances Of Words Realised By Offsets Modifying Long Peaks Table 3.23 Instances Of Words Realised By Offsets Modifying Short Distinct Peaks Table 4.1 Irish Coda Consonants Categorised By Features Table 4.2 Irish Coda Consonants Occurring After [voiced] Offsets {/\/ /l/ /n/} Table 4.3 Codas Enclitic To Rhymes With [voiced] Offsets Table 4.4 Irish Coda Consonants Occurring After [voiceless] Offsets Table 4.5 Interaction Of Consonant Alignment And Posture Table 4.6 Irish Vowels Occurring As [long] Peaks Table 4.7 Interaction Of Consonant Alignment And [back-round] Posture Table 4.8 Irish Vowels Occurring As [short] Peaks Table 4.9 Instances Of Eclipsis Table 4.10 Eclipsis As Resonance Enhancement Table 4.11 Proto-Insular-Celtic Consonants Table 4.12 Eclipsis Of Proto-Insular-Celtic Obstruent Stops Table 4.13 Eclipsis Of Proto-Insular-Celtic Continuants And Sonorants Table 4.14 Instances Of Lenition Table 4.15 Lenition As Closure Reduction Table 4.16/4.11 Proto-Insular-Celtic Consonants Table 4.17 Lenition Of Proto-Insular-Celtic Stops Table 4.18 Lenition Of Proto-Insular-Celtic Coronal Sonorants...204

5 xii Table 4.19 Lenition Of Proto-Insular-Celtic Labial And Voiceless Continuants Table 4.20 A Selection Of Mutagenic Preverbal Particles Categorised For The Grammatical Features Of Tense, Mood And Polarity Table 5.1 A Comparison Of Gene And Meme Systems Table 5.2 A Comparison Of Gene And Linguistic Meme Systems Table 5.3 Linguistic Meme Phenotypes Classified For Longevity And Means Of Transilience Table A1.1 AuE Obstruent Consonants Categorised By Features Table A1.2 Decontextualised Nasal Consonant Potential Of AuE Categorised By Features Table A1.3 Decontextualised Approximant Consonant Potential Of AuE Categorised By Features Table A1.4 Decontextualised Vocalic Potential Of AuE Categorised By Features Table A1.5 Decontextualised Vowel And Glide Potential Of AuE Categorised By Features Table A1.6 Onset Head Obstruent and Nasal Potential For AuE Categorised By Features Table A1.7 Onset Head Approximant Potential For AuE Categorised By Features Table A1.8 Inset Potential For AuE Categorised By Features Table A1.9 The Set Of Onsets With [front-spread] Postmodification Table A1.10 The Set Of Onsets With [back-round] Postmodification Table A1.11 The Set Of Onsets With [central-neutral] Postmodification Table A1.12 The Set Of Onsets With [lateral] Postmodification Table A1.13/A1.4 Decontextualised AuE Peak Potential Categorised By Features Table A1.14 AuE Distinct Short Vowels Categorised By Features Table A1.15 AuE Short Vowels More Delicately Categorised By Feature Preponderance Table A1.16 AuE Short Vowels More Delicately Categorised By Segment Preponderance Table A1.17 Decontextualised Obstruent And Nasal Consonant Potential Of AuE Additionally Categorised By Tongue And Lip Posture Features Table A1.18 AuE Offset Potential For Rhymes Composed Of Short Vowels Table A1.19 AuE Offset Potential For Rhymes Composed Of Long Vowels And Diphthongs Table A1.20 Offset Potential For AuE Involving Features Of The Posture System Table A1.21 AuE Complex Rhymes Composed Of Short Vowels Table A1.22 AuE Words Realised By Complex Rhymes Composed Of Short Vowels Table A1.23 AuE Complex Rhymes Composed Of Long Vowels Or Diphthongs Table A1.24 AuE Complex Rhymes Composed Of Long Vowels Or Diphthongs Table A1.25 Quantitative Comparison Of The Number Of Posture Features In English And Irish Vowels Table A1.26 Obstruent And Nasal Coda Head Potential For AuE Table A1.27 The Full Set Of Oral Approximant Coda Head Potential For AuE Table A1.28 Coda Head Potential Following Short Vowels For AuE Table A1.29 Coda Head Potential Following The Offset /n/ For AuE Table A1.30 Coda Head Potential Following The Offset /l/ For AuE Table A1.31 Coda Head Potential Following The Offset /s/ For AuE...428

6 xiii Table A1.32 Coda Head Potential Following Long Vowels And Diphthongs For AuE Involving Obstruents And Nasals Table A1.33 Coda Head Potential Following Long Vowels And Diphthongs For AuE Involving Features Of The Posture System Table A1.34 Coda Modifier Potential For AuE Table A1.35 The Set Of AuE Coda Modifier Potential For Rhymes Containing Short Vowels Table A1.36 The Set Of AuE Coda Heads Modified By /t/ After Short Vowels Table A1.37 The Set Of AuE Coda Modifier Potential For Rhymes Containing Long Vowels And Diphthongs Table A1.38 Inflectional Cauda Potential For AuE Table A1.39 Common Instances Of Syllables Involving Vowel Contact Table A2.1 Simple Codas Enclitic To Simple Rhyme Table A2.2 Simple Codas Enclitic To The Offset /n/ Table A2.3 Simple Codas Enclitic To The Offset /l/ Table A2.4 Simple Codas Enclitic To The Offset /s/ Table A2.5 Simple Codas Enclitic To The Offset /y/ Table A2.6 Simple Codas Occurring After The Offset /w/ Table A2.7 Simple Codas Occurring After The Offset / / Table A2.8 Complex Codas Occurring After Simple Rhyme (Short Vowel Only) Table A2.9 Complex Codas Occurring After The Offset /n/ Table A2.10 Complex Codas Occurring After The Offset /l/ Table A2.11 Complex Codas Occurring After The Offset /y/ Table A2.12 Complex Codas Occurring After The Offset /w/ Table A2.13 Complex Codas Occurring After The Offset / / Table A2.14 Inflectional Caudas After Simple Codas After Simple Rhyme (Short Vowel Only) Table A2.15 Inflectional Caudas After Complex Codas After Simple Rhyme (Short Vowel Only) Table A2.16 Inflectional Caudas After Simple Codas After The Offset /n/ Table A2.17 Inflectional Caudas After Complex Codas After The Offset /n/ Table A2.18 Inflectional Caudas After Simple Codas After The Offset /l/ Table A2.19 Inflectional Caudas After Complex Codas After The Offset /l/ Table A2.20 Inflectional Caudas After Simple Codas After The Offset /s/ Table A2.21 Inflectional Caudas After Simple Codas After The Offset /y/ Table A2.22 Inflectional Caudas After Complex Codas After The Offset /y/ Table A2.23 Inflectional Caudas After Simple Codas After The Offset /w/ Table A2.24 Inflectional Caudas After Complex Codas After The Offset /w/ Table A2.25 Inflectional Caudas After Simple Codas After The Offset / / Table A2.26 Inflectional Caudas After Complex Codas After The Offset / / Table A2.27 Complex Caudas After Simple Codas After Simple Rhyme (Short Vowel Only) Table A2.28 Complex Caudas After The Offset /n/ Table A2.29 Complex Caudas After Simple Codas After The Offset /l/ Table A2.30 Complex Caudas After Simple Codas After The Offset /y/ Table A2.31 Complex Caudas After Simple Codas After The Offset / /...489

7 1 EM Forster (1960). How can I tell what I think until I see what I say? 1