ACTIVE.LITE. Patent-Pending Technology + Visibly Perceivable Results in Less than 14 Days. Tomorrow s Vision Today!

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1 ACTIVE.LITE Patent-Pending Technology + Visibly Perceivable Results in Less than 14 Days Tomorrow s Vision Today!

2 AESTHETIC PERFECTION IS THE STANDARD Aesthetic skin perfection is now the consumer standard Primary visual cue for apparent aging Uneven Pigmentation Skin lighteners no longer just popular in Asia, dominant in Western Markets as anti-aging applications Products must provide rapid and visually perceivable results without irritation

3 MELANOGENESIS What is Melanogenesis? The process of melanin production within melanocytes Leads to long-lasting pigmentation dark spots Melanin = pigment responsible for skin color Synthesized within melanosomes Melanosomes = specialized cellular organelles within melanocytes Eventually transferred to keratinocytes Melanocytes & Keratinocytes = cells located throughout Epidermis (upper most superficial layer of skin)

4 SKIN PIGMENTATION + MELANOGENESIS Variation in skin color is NOT due to number of melanocytes Pigment Shade = result of activity/degree of melanogenesis + fade of the melanosome Color due to quantity and relative amount of eumelanin and pheomelanin pigments produced and transferred from melanosome to surrounding keratinocytes

5 SKIN PIGMENTATION + MELANOGENESIS Figure 1. Image of adaptive melanogenesis vs. basal melanogenesis

6 SKIN PIGMENTATION + MELANOGENESIS Figure 2. Melanosome in African vs. Asian vs. European skin

7 SKIN PIGMENTATION + MELANOGENESIS Purpose: Protects hypodermis from DNA damage by absorbing UVB light Mature melanosomes transferred to neighboring keratinocytes Arranged in supranuclear cap to protect our DNA Base Line (Basal) Melanogenesis: Lighter skin = low basal levels Adaptive Melanogenesis Responsible for tanned skin Exposure to UVB radiation increases the basal level of melanogenesis Constant UV exposure Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) melanomas/cancer

8 STIMULATION OF MELANOGENESIS Numerous stimuli alter melanogenesis pigmentation Stimulating Factors: Intrinsic Histamine Retinoids Diacylglycerol Extrinsic UV Radiation Vitamin D metabolites Forskolin Cholera toxin

9 SKIN LIGHTENING PATHWAYS Goal: Target numerous signalling pathways of melanogenesis to reduce or inhibit melanin production lighter skin pigmentation TYROSINASE Most common pathway targeted in cosmetics Copper-containing transmembrane glycoprotein Rate-limiting enzyme in mammalian melanogenesis Tyrosinase Reducing Mechanisms: Prior to Melanin Synthesis During Melanin Synthesis After Melanin Synthesis

10 TYROSINASE Tyrosinase in Action

11 TYROSINASE Market Standard Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Hydroquinone Arbutin Kojic Acid Ascorbic Acid 2-Glucoside

12 NEW PATH + TYROSINASE INHIBITION Active Concepts has a demonstrated interest in the relationship that exists between microorganisms and the skin Modern research of Malassezia suggests that the cross-talk between the yeast and the skin causes localized areas of hypopigmentation Looked at yeast grown on different bio masses bio-transformation of phytochemicals present screened for ability to inhibit melanogenesis Postulation that histamine played a critical role in skin lightening

13 HISTAMINE + SKIN LIGHTENING Hyperpigmentation frequently accompanies chronic or acute inflammation A number of inflammatory mediators (such as histamine) have been shown to stimulate melanin synthesis in human melanocytes Histamine is known to be involved in UVB-induced pigmentation Application of H2 antagonists suppresses UVB pigmentation Prevents histamine from binding to H2 receptors in melanocytes Modern research looking at atopic eczema proves that it is likely that Malassezia spp. can come into contact with mast cells in the skin, resulting in mast cell activation Mast cell degranulation or activation would result in the release of potent inflammatory mediators such as histamine, proteases, chemotactic factors, cytokines, and metabolites of arachidonic acid.

14 ABOUT HISTAMINE What is Histamine? Compound involved in local immune responses Regulates physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter Involved in the inflammatory response An immune response to foreign pathogens, histamine is produced by basophils and by mast cells found in nearby connective tissues From where does Histamine come? Mast cell degranulation (activation) Keratinocytes

15 ACTIVE.LITE What is Active.Lite? Active.Lite is a naturally potent, sustainable product with a patentpending mechanism of action that produces visibly rapid lightening results in under 14 days! Demonstrated results Reduces appearances of dark spots and other hyperpigmentation No irritation

16 ACTIVE.LITE How does Active.Lite Work? Further Investigation of H3 Receptors Mechanism of action responsible for hypopigmentation Histamine Receptors Four types H1 + H2 evaluated for ability to inhibit melanogenesis H3 originally not thought to be involved in melanogenesis process, but it plays a significant role

17 ACTIVE.LITE How does Active.Lite Work? Active.Lite Histamine (3) receptor antagonist Reduces histamine release from dermal mast cells and keratinocytes, thus minimizing the cascades of inflammatory events Decreases skin inflammation which could lead to hyperpigmentation Inhibits (down-regulates) of melanocytes, generally, and tyrosinase, specifically, which leads reduction of melanin synthesis

18 NEW PATH + TYROSINASE INHIBITION Active Concepts has a demonstrated interest in the relationship that exists between microorganisms and the skin Postulation that histamine played a formative role in skin lightening We tested Active.Lite on Histamine 1 and Histamine 2 receptors without skin lightening results When tested on Histamine 3 receptors, Active.Lite appeared to lighten skin Demonstrated through Western Blot Test and Melanin Inhibition Assay

19 How was this tested? ACTIVE.LITE H3 Receptor Transfection Analyzes melanocyte stability transfected with H3 receptors Test cells transfected with H3 receptors Melanin inhibition assay conducted to support claim

20 ACTIVE.LITE How was this tested? Western Blot Analyzes melanocyte stability transfected with H3 receptors Test cells transfected with H3 receptors Melanin inhibition assay conducted to support claim Active.Lite represses the transcription of melanogenic genes through the inhibition of the upstream melanogenesis response

21 Histamine 3 Receptor Western Blot ACTIVE.LITE Untreated Cells The darker the line the more protein being expressed Control

22 ACTIVE.LITE Graph 1. Melanin Inhibition of transfected melanoma cells Melanin production is inhibited more in our transfected cells due to the increase in Histamine 3 Receptor expression, indicating that Active.Lite elicits its effects through the H3 pathway.

23 Percent (%) Tyrosinase Inhibition EFFICACY TESTING + ACTIVE.LITE in-vitro Tyrosinase Inhibition Protocol 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% Tyrosinase is one of the causes of hyperpigmentation, an over-production of dermal melanin pigment, leading to melasmas, freckles, age-spots, and liver spots % 30.00% 20.00% Solutions of Active.Lite (5%, 0.05%, %), Kojic acid (positive control), Arbutin, and mushroom tyrosinase were prepared in 0.1M Phosphate Buffered Saline. Phosphate Buffered Saline was used as the negative control % 0.00% 0.016% Kojic Acid 0.27% α-arbutin 5% Active.Lite 0.05% Active.Lite % Active.Lite Active.Lite was able to inhibit tyrosinase 58.63% at the highest concentration tested. Graph 2. Tyrosinase Inhibition of Active.Lite in comparison to positive controls

24 Percent (%) Melanin Inhibition EFFICACY TESTING + ACTIVE.LITE in-vitro Melanin Inhibition 0.00% % % % Protocol Overproduction of melanin can cause hyperpigmentation leading to melasma, freckles, age-spots, and liver spots % % % % % % % 0.17% AA2G 0.05% Arbutin 0.003% Kojic Acid 0.1% Active.Lite 0.01% Active.Lite 0.001% Active.Lite B16F10 murine melanocytes were seeded into 24-well tissue culture plates and allowed to grow to confluency in complete DMEM. Solutions of Active.Lite, Arbutin, Kojic Acid, and AA2G were prepared in Complete DMEM. Complete DMEM was used as the untreated control.. Active.Lite was able to inhibit melanin production 93.58% at a 0.1% test concentration. Graph 3. Melanin Inhibition of Active.Lite in comparison to positive controls

25 EFFICACY TESTING + ACTIVE.LITE in-vitro Melanin Inhibition using B16F10 This assay utilizes mouse melanoma cells (B16F10 cell line) which are very efficient at producing melanin. Various inhibitors and enhancers of melanin synthesis are added to the cultured cells along with experimental samples. The melanin present in the cells is extracted and has an absorbance at 400nm, which can be quantitated through optical density measurements. The greater the inhibition exhibited by the sample, the lower the optical density value due to the lack of melanin present. The results of the assay are analyzed and compared to known melanin inhibitors, such as Arbutin and ascorbic acid 2-glucoside.

26 EFFICACY TESTING + ACTIVE.LITE in-vivo Photo Comparison SUBJECT ONE - ACTIVE.LITE IN VIVO TREATMENT Protocol 5 (m/f) subjects between the ages of 28 and 75. Prior to assessing Active.Lite, initial baseline photos of the participant s selected hyperpigmentation were taken Serum containing 5.0% Active.Lite was applied to the selected area once a day for four weeks. Photos were taken twice a week during the four week study The study also evaluated the elapsed time it took to see visible and perceivable skin lightening Base Week 2 Photo Week 4 Photo

27 EFFICACY TESTING + ACTIVE.LITE in-vivo Photo Comparison SUBJECT TWO - ACTIVE.LITE IN VIVO TREATMENT Protocol 5 (m/f) subjects between the ages of 28 and 75. Prior to assessing Active.Lite, initial baseline photos of the participant s selected hyperpigmentation were taken Serum containing 5.0% Active.Lite was applied to the selected area once a day for four weeks. Photos were taken twice a week during the four week study The study also evaluated the elapsed time it took to see visible and perceivable skin lightening Base Week 2 Photo Week 4 Photo

28 EFFICACY TESTING + ACTIVE.LITE in-vivo Photo Comparison SUBJECT THREE - ACTIVE.LITE IN VIVO TREATMENT Protocol 5 (m/f) subjects between the ages of 28 and 75. Prior to assessing Active.Lite, initial baseline photos of the participant s selected hyperpigmentation were taken Serum containing 5.0% Active.Lite was applied to the selected area once a day for four weeks. Photos were taken twice a week during the four week study The study also evaluated the elapsed time it took to see visible and perceivable skin lightening Base Week 2 Photo Week 4 Photo

29 EFFICACY TESTING + ACTIVE.LITE in-vivo Photo Comparison SUBJECT FOUR - ACTIVE.LITE IN VIVO TREATMENT Protocol 5 (m/f) subjects between the ages of 28 and 75. Prior to assessing Active.Lite, initial baseline photos of the participant s selected hyperpigmentation were taken Serum containing 5.0% Active.Lite was applied to the selected area once a day for four weeks. Photos were taken twice a week during the four week study The study also evaluated the elapsed time it took to see visible and perceivable skin lightening Base Week 2 Photo Week 4 Photo

30 EFFICACY TESTING + ACTIVE.LITE in-vivo Photo Comparison SUBJECT FIVE - ACTIVE.LITE IN VIVO TREATMENT Protocol 5 (m/f) subjects between the ages of 28 and 75. Prior to assessing Active.Lite, initial baseline photos of the participant s selected hyperpigmentation were taken Serum containing 5.0% Active.Lite was applied to the selected area once a day for four weeks. Photos were taken twice a week during the four week study The study also evaluated the elapsed time it took to see visible and perceivable skin lightening Base Week 2 Photo Week 4 Photo

31 AESTHETIC PERFECTION IS THE STANDARD ACTIVE.LITE IS THE ANSWER! Active.Lite is a naturally potent, sustainable product with a patentpending mechanism of action that produces visibly rapid lightening results in under 14 days! Demonstrated results Reduces appearances of dark spots and other hyperpigmentation No irritation Aesthetic skin perfection is now the consumer standard Primary visual cue for apparent aging Uneven Pigmentation Skin lighteners no longer just popular in Asia, dominant in Western Markets as anti-aging applications

32 REFERENCES 1. Gaitans, Georgios MD., et al. Skin disease associated with Malassezia yeasts: Facts and Controversies. Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases. University of Ionnina Medical School, Ioannia, Greece. Elsevier, Inc Western Blotting. Abcam, Kenji Ohguchi, et al. Involvement of Phospholipas D1 in Melanogenesis of Mouse B16 Melanoma Cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279: William Baker. Antagonist affinity measurements at the Gi-coupled human histamine H3 receptor expressed in CHO cells. BMC Pharmacology 2008, 8:9 5. Malaviya R, Morrisson AR, Pentland AP. Histamine in human epidermal cells is induced by ultraviolet light injury. J Invest Dermatol 1996; 106: Reynolds JL, Akhter J. Morris DL. In vivo effect of histamine and histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonists on cellular proliferation of human malignant melanoma cell lines. Melanoma Res 1996; 6: 95-9

33 ACTIVE CONCEPTS LLC THANK YOU