Unit 7. Injury Management

Transcription

1 Unit 7 Injury Management

2 Soft Tissue Injuries Abrasion Scrapping away of outer layer of skin Avulsion Tearing or pulling away a part of a structure Laceration Jagged, irregular cut Contusion A bruise

3 Soft Tissue Injury Treatment Clean area with soap and water Apply antibiotic cream Apply sterile bandage Watch for infection

4 Treatment: Severed or Amputated Wrap severed part in sterile gauze Put in plastic bag Put plastic bag on ice Send severed part with victim to hospital

5 Deep Lacerations Apply steri-strips or butterfly dressing Cover with sterile dressing Stitches? Longer 1 inch Deep cut into dermis Edges that do not close with steri-strip or butterfly dressing Uneven edges Best to get stitches within 6-8 hours to decrease scarring and infection Facial best to get stitches within 4 hours

6 BITES Wash with soap and water Cover with sterile dressing Apply antibiotic ointment Apply Ice Never apply ice with snakebites Stimulates the spread of the venom Complications Poisonous Minimize movement Seek medical attention Infection Seek medical attention

7 BLISTERS Caused by the skin rubbing against a hard or rough surface resulting in the layers of the skin to separate Feel a hot spot Treatment: Leave in tact Popping blister leaves open skin susceptible for infection If blister is torn, keep clean and cover with moleskin or second skin.

8 STINGS Treatment Look for stinger If stinger present scrape away from skin with finger nail or edge of a plastic card Never use tweezers to remove stinger- squeezing the stinger will release venom into body Wash area with soap water Cover with sterile dressing Apply Ice Watch for allergic reaction

9 ALLERGIC REACTIONS Caused by insect stings, food, other allergens Known as Anaphylactic shock Cause serious life-threatening breathing emergencies Air passages swell and restrict breathing S/S= rash, tightness in chest, swelling of face and tongue, dizzy, confused Use of Epi-pen is necessary treatment

10 ALLERGIC REACTION HITCH

11 SKIN CONDITIONS Caused by a fungus, virus, bacteria or parasite Common in sports such as wrestling, but can occur in any individual

12 FUNGUS Tinea= superficial fungal infection Thrive in Moist, warm, dark environments. Treatment Anti fungul creams or sprays. Sometimes needs an anti-fungal oral medication Common types in athletics Tinea corpis, Tinea cruris and Tinea Pedis

13 Tinea Corporis- Ringworm Common in wrestling AKA- Tinea Gladiatroum Lesions have a ring-like eruption with red or brown plaques with raised border Appear on scalp, trunk and upper and lower extremities Spread by skin to skin contact

14 Tinea infections Tinea cruris Jock Itch Rash, scaling small papules in groin and medical thigh area Tinea Pedis Athletes foot Redness, scaling, cracking and itching Soles of feet and inbetween toe

15 Bacterial Infections in Sports Impetigo Pustules that become crusted and rupture Highly contagious with skin to skin contact Treated with oral anti-biotic

16 Bacteria Infections MRSA Caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria or staph Start as red bumps and quickly turn into deep painful abscesses Can penetrate into blood stream, potentially causing life-threatening infections to body systems Treatment Antibiotics & Draining abscesses

17 Common Viral Infection in Sports Warts Verruca vulgaris Small tumors with dark centers May appear anywhere on body Treatment Cryosurgery Salicylic acid

18 Verruca Plantaris Plantar warts Develop on sole of foot Pinpoint black spots Can be protected with donutshaped pad to relieve pressure

19 Eczema Itchy red rash Caused by Allergies Stress Temperature Drug reaction Scratching Sun exposure Treatment Corticosteroid Lotions and ointments Antihistamines Lotions to hydrate skin

20 BLEEDING Arterial Bleeding Bright red and spurts Hard to stop and life-threatening Venous Bleeding Dark red and steady flow Easier to control Capillary Bleeding Slow and steady Greater chance of infection 10% loss of blood volume may be critical

21 Controlling External Bleeding Apply direct pressure with sterile dressing Cover with a roller bandage Bleeding does not stop Additional dressing Minimize shock Call 911

22 Internal Bleeding What do you do? CALL 911 Immediately!! DO not give anything to eat or drink Life threatening - Death will be the outcome without QUICK advanced medical care!

23 Internal Bleeding Signs and Symptoms Tender, swollen, hard areas Rapid, weak pulse Skin cool, pale, moist Vomit blood Excessive thirst Confusion LOC

24 SHOCK Life-threatening condition when there is not enough blood being delivered to vital organs SIGNALS: Restless or altered level of consciousness Rapid breathing or pulse Pale, ashen, cool, moist skin Thirsty

25 Treatment for SHOCK Call 911 and monitor ABC s and vital signs, treat conditions Elevate legs 12 inches Keep person comfortable DO NOT give person anything to eat or drink

26 Abdominal Injuries Ruptured Spleen Located ULQ Caused by blow to abdomen S/S = rigid abdomen, nausea, vomiting and possible signs of shock Khers sign Left shoulder and arm pain Can cause profuse hemorrhaging and death

27 Abdominal Injuries Appendicitis Located RLQ Caused by bacterial infection from an obstruction Mild to severe cramping, nausea, vomiting and low fever, RLQ pain Surgery required

28 Abdominal Injuries HERNIA Protrusion of abdominal viscera through abdominal wall Common in groininguinal hernia Superficial protrusion may be observed, pain is increased by sudden movements, coughing or sneezing Surgery required

29 SPLINTING Only if the person must be moved In the position you find it Joints above and below must be immobile - SNUG Check circulation before and after (warmth, color) Only if you can do without causing more pain

30 Head, Neck and Back Injuries Biggest Concern? Paralysis if moved Signal of One? Change in conscious Numbness or tingling or loss of movement Complain pain or point tenderness on cervical spine Care for? MINIMIZE MOVEMENT Provide in-line stabilization

31 What if athlete is wearing a helmet? Do not remove IF need to gain access to airway use appropriate equipment to minimize movement of spine

32 Care for Medical Conditions Seizure Protect from injury Do not put anything in mouth Do not hold down Faints Lay down & elevate legs

33 Care for Medical Conditions Diabetic (Too much or little sugar in person s blood) Give sugar if conscious Asthma Help administer inhaler

34 Heat Illnesses Normally progress in severity Heat cramps Heat exhaustion Heat Stroke Caused by combination of strenuous activity and hot/humid weather Fluid imbalances

35 Heat Cramps Result from fluid volume problem Can be prevented by drinking water before and throughout activity Stretch the affected muscle slowley

36 Heat Illnesses Heat exhaustion Profuse sweating Pale skin Nausea Dizzy Headache Altered LOC Heat stroke Red, flushed dry skin, irritable, aggressive Headache Dizzy, weak Sweat mechanism shut off Most serious heat conditioncall 911

37 Treatment of Heat Illnesses Move victim to cool place Give cool water - small amounts if conscious Immerse in cold water or use ice towels Fan, sponge off Loosen clothing Victim not improve or won t drink= call 911

38 Cold-Related Illnesses Frostbite Lack of feeling Skin appears white & waxy Skin cold to touch Hypothermia Shivering Numbness Glassy Stare Decrease LOC Weakness Impaired Judgement

39 Treatment for Cold related illnesses Gently& SLOWLY warm victim Warm too quickly can a cause heart arrhythmias Check ABC s Remove wet clothing and cover with blankets Handle carefully Frostbite Soak in warm water Cover - DO NOT RUB