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9 THE OTHER 50% OF THE TDD PRANDIAL INSULIN ALISON B. EVERT, MS, RD, CDE BIBLIOGRAPHY Evidenced-Based Nutrition Recommendations and Guidelines: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Type 1 and type 2 diabetes evidence-based nutrition practice guidelines for adults, Available from Accessed 5 June 2011 American Diabetes Association: Clinical practice recommendations: standards of medical care in diabetes: Diabetes Care 35 (Suppl. 1):S11 S63, 2012 American Diabetes Association: Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes (Position Statement). Diabetes Care 31 (Suppl. 1):S61 S78, 2008 Franz MJ, Powers MA, Leontos C, Holmeister LA, Kulkarni K, Monk A, Wedel N, Gradwell E: The evidence for medical nutrition therapy for type 1 and type 2 diabetes in adults. J Am Diet Assoc 110: , 2010 BASAL-BOLUS INSULIN THERAPY CARBOHYDRATE COUNTING Type 1: DAFNE Study Group: Training in flexible, intensive insulin management to enable dietary freedom in people with type 1 diabetes: dose adjustment for normal eating (DAFNE) randomized controlled trial. BMJ 325: , 2002 Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group: The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 329: , 1993 Mühlhauser I, Jörgens V, Berger M, Graninger W, Gürlter W, Hornke L: Bicentric evaluation of a teaching and treatment programme for type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients: improvement of metabolic control and other measures of diabetes care for up to 22 months. Diabetologia 25: , 1983 Casey D, Murphy K, Lawton J, White FF, Dineen S: A longitudinal qualitative study examining factors impacting on the ability of persons with T1DM to assimilate the Dose Adjustment of Normal Eating (DAFNE) principles into daily living and how these factors change over time. BMC Public Health 11:672, 2011 Lawton J, Rankin D, Cooke DD, Clark M, Elliot J, Heller S, UK NIHR DAFNE Study Group: Dose adjustment for normal eating: a qualitative longitudinal exploration of the food and eating practices of type 1 diabetes patients converted to flexible intensive insulin therapy in the UK. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 91:87 93, 2011 Rankin D, Cooke DD, Clark M, Hellert S, Elliott J, Lawton J: How and why to patients with type 1 diabetes sustain their use of flexible intensive insulin therapy? A qualitative longitudinal investigation of patients self-management practices following attendance at a Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating (DAFNE) course. Diabet Med 28: , 2011 Type 2: Bergenstal RM, Johnson M, Powers MA, Wynne A, Vlajnic A, Hollander P, Rendell M: Adjust to target in type 2 diabetes: comparison of a simple algorithm with carbohydrate counting for adjustment of mealtime insulin glulisine. Diabetes Care 31: , 2008

10 BOLUS CALCULATORS Gross TM, Kayne D, King A, Rother C, Juth S: A bolus calculator is an effective means of controlling postprandial glycemia in patients on insulin pump therapy. Diabetes Technol Ther 5: , 2003 DOSING ALGORITHMS Davidson PC, Hebblewhite HR, Bode BW, Steed RD, Welch NS, Greenlee MC, Richardson PL, Johnson J: New evidence based guidelines for prescribing insulin by CSII (Abstract). Diabetes 51 (Suppl. 2):A128 A129, 2002 Davidson PC, Hebblewhite HR, Bode BW, Steed RD, Welch NS, Greenlee MC, Richardson PL, Johnson J: Statistically based CSII parameters: correction factor, CF (1700 Rule), carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio, CIR (2.8 Rule), and basal-to-total ratio. Diabetes Technol Ther 5:237, 2003 Davidson PC, Hebblewhite HR, Steed RD, Bode BW: Analysis of guidelines for basal-bolus insulin dosing: basal insulin, correction factor, and carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio. Endocr Pract 14: , 2008 Howorka K, Thoma H, Grillmayr H, Kitzler E: Phases of functional, near-normoglycaemic insulin substitution: what are computers good for in the rehabilitation process in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus? Comput Methods Program Biomed 32: , 1990 Walsh J, Roberts R: Pumping Insulin. 2nd ed. San Diego, CA, Torrey Pines Press, 1994 Walsh J, Roberts R, Varma C, Bailey T: Using Insulin. San Diego, CA, Torrey Pines Press, 2003 CARBOHYDRATE COUNTING ESTIMATION AND RANGES Shapira G, Yodfat O, HaCohen A, Feigin P, Rubin R: Bolus guide: A novel insulin bolus Dosing decision support based on selection of carbohydrate ranges. J Diabetes Sci Technol 4: , 2010 Smart CE, Ross K, Edge JA, Collins CE, Colyvas K, King BR: Children and adolescents on intensive insulin therapy maintain postprandial glycaemic GLYCEMIC VARIABILITY & DYSGLYCEMIA Brownlee M, Hirsch IB: Glycemic variability: a hemoglobin A1c-independent risk factor for diabetic complications. JAMA 295: , 2006 Ceriello A: Postprandial hyperglycemia and diabetes complications: is it time to treat? Diabetes 54: , 2005 Ceriello A, Taboga C, Tonutti L, Quagliaro L, Piconi L, Bais B, Da Ros R, Motz E: Evidence for independent and cumulative effect of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia on endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress generation: effects of short- and long-term simvastatin treatment. Circulation 106: , 2002 Monnier L, Lapinski H, Colette C: Contributions of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose increments to the overall diurnal hyperglycemia of type 2 diabetic patients: variations with increasing levels of HbA1C. Diabetes Care 26: , 2003 INSULIN ANALOGS TIMING AND ACTION DeWitt DE, Hirsch IB: Outpatient insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: scientific review: JAMA 289: , 2003 Hirsch IB: Insulin analogues. N Engl J Med 352: , 2005 Tridgell DM, Tridgell AH, Hirsch IB: Inpatient management of adults and children with type 1 diabetes. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 39: , 2010 Meal studies: Cobry E, McFann K, Messer L, Gage V, VanderWel B, Horton L, Chase PH: Timing of meal insulin boluses to achieve optimal postprandial glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Technol Tech 12: , 2010 Luijf YM, van Bon AC, Hoekstra JB, DeVries JH: Premeal injection of rapid-acting insulin reduces postprandial glycemic excursions in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 33: , 2010 Scaramuzza AE, Iafusco D, Santoro L, Bosetti A, De Palma A, Spiri D, Mameli C, Zuccotti GV: Timing of bolus in children with type 1 diabetes using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (TiBoDi Study). Diabetes Technol Tech 12: , 2010 INSULIN PUMP THERAPY EDUCATION & INTERVENTIONS Hirsch IB: Practical pearls in insulin pump therapy. Diab Technol Ther 12(Suppl 1):S23- S27, 2010

11 Schneiner G, Sobel RJ, Smith DE, Pick AJ, Kruger D, King J, Green K: Insulin pump therapy: guidelines for successful outcomes. Diabetes Educ 35(Suppl 2):S29-S49, 2009 VARIABLE BOLUS RESEARCH STUDIES OVERVIEW: Heinemann L: Insulin pump therapy: What is the evidence for using different types of boluses for coverage of prandial insulin requirements? J Diabetes Sci Technol 3: , 2009 NOVEL INSULIN DOSING ALGORITHMS Błazik M, Pańkowska E: The education of patients in prandial insulin dosing related to the structure of bolus calculators: Pediatr Endocrinol 16: , 2010 Blazik M, Szypowska A, Golicka D, Groele L, Pañkowska E: The Diabetics software in adjusting prandial insulin in patients treated with insulin pumps. The results of RCT study. Pediatr Diabetes 10(Suppl 11):71, 2009 Pańkowska, E, Blazik M, Dziechciarz P, Szypowska A, Szajewska H: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion vs. multiple daily injections in children with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Pediatr 10:52-58, 2009a Pańkowska E, Szypowska A, Lipka M, Szpotañska M, Blazik M, Groele L: Application of novel dual wave meal bolus and its impact glycated hemoglobin A1C level in children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 10: , 2009b Pańkowska E, Blazik M: Bolus calculator with nutrition database software, a new Concept of prandial insulin programming for pump users. J Diabetes Sci Technol 4: , 2010 Pańkowska E, Blazik M, Groele L: Does the fat-protein meal increase postprandial glucose levels in type 1 diabetes patients on insulin pump: the conclusion of a randomized study. Diabetes Technol Ther Online abstract ahead of print, October 20, 2011

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