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11 . References. Sarraf-Zadegan N, Sayed-Tabatabaei FA, Bashardoost N, Maleki A, Totonchi M, Habibi HR, et al. The prevalence of coronary artery disease in an urban population in Isfahan, Iran. Acta Cardiol 999; 54: Azizi F, Esmaillzadeh A, Mirmiran P. Obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in Tehran adults: a population-based study. East Mediterr Health J 4; : Stevens J, Cai J, Pamuk ER, Williamson DF, Thun MJ, Wood JL. The effect of age on the association between body-mass index and mortality. N Engl J Med 998; 8: Wei M, Gaskill SP, Haffner SM, Stern MP. Waist circumference as the best predictor of noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) compared to body mass index, waist/hip ratio and other anthropometric measurements in Mexican Americans-- a 7-year prospective study. Obes Res 997; 5: Pi-Sunyer FX. Obesity: criteria and classification. Proc Nutr Soc ; 59: DiPietro L, Katz LD, Nadel ER. Excess abdominal adiposity remains correlated with altered lipid concentrations in healthy older women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 999; : Dobbelsteyn CJ, Joffres MR, MacLean DR, Flowerdew G. A comparative evaluation of waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and body mass index as indicators of cardiovascular risk factors. The Canadian Heart Health Surveys. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord ; 5: Pouliot MC, Despres JP, Lemieux S, Moorjani S, Bouchard C, Tremblay A, et al. Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: best simple anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. Am J Cardiol 994; 7: World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. ; 894: -5.. Misra A. Redefining obesity in Asians: more definitive action is required from the WHO. Natl Med J India 4; 7: -4.. Mirmiran P, Esmaillzadeh A, Azizi F. Detection of cardiovascular risk factors by anthropometric measures in Tehranian adults: receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 4; 58: - 8. ( ).... Azizi F, Rahmani M, Emami H, Madjid M. Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study: rationale and design. CVD Prev ; : Wang J, Thornton JC, Bari S, Williamson B, Gallagher D, Heymsfield SB, et al. Comparisons of waist circumferences measured at 4 sites. Am J Clin Nutr ; 77: Mirmiran P, Mohammadi F, Allahverdian S, Azizi F. Estimation of energy requirements for adults: Tehran lipid and glucose study. Int J Vitam Nutr Res ; 7: Azizi F, Rahmani M, Madjid M, Allahverdian S, Ghanbili J, Ghanbarian A, et al. Serum lipid levels in an Iranian population of children and adolescents: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Eur J Epidemiol ; 8: Azizi F, Ghanbarian A, Madjid M, Rahmani M. Distribution of blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension in Tehran adult population: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), J Hum Hypertens ; 6: National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III).Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation ; 6: Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Sixth report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure. Arch Intern Med 997; 57: Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care ; 6:S5-.. Greenland S. Interpretation and choice of effect measures in epidemiologic surveys. Am J Epidemiol 987; 5: Lee J, Chia KS. Estimation of prevalence rate ratios for cross sectional data: an example in occupational epidemiology. Br J Ind Med. 99; 5: Zhang J,Yu KF. What s the relative risk? A method of correcting the odds ratio in cohort studies of common outcomes. JAMA 998; 8: Deurenberg-Yap M, Chew SK, Deurenberg P. Elevated body fat percentage and cardiovascular risks at low body mass index levels among Singaporean Chinese, Malays and Indians. Obes Rev ;:9-5.

12 , 4. Snehalatha C, Viswanathan V, Ramachandran A. Cutoff values for normal anthropometric variables in Asian Indian adults. Diabetes Care ; 6: Vikram NK, Pandey RM, Misra A, Sharma R, Devi JR, Khanna N. Non-obese (body mass index < 5 kg/m) Asian Indians with normal waist circumference have high cardiovascular risk. Nutrition ; 9: Ruderman NB, Schneider SH, Berchtold P. The "metabolically-obese," normal-weight individual. Am J Clin Nutr 98; 4: Ito H, Nakasuga K, Ohshima A, Sakai Y, Maruyama T, Kaji Y, et al. Excess accumulation of body fat is related to dyslipidemia in normal-weight subjects. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 4; 8: Tanaka S, Togashi K, Rankinen T, Perusse L, Leon AS, Rao DC, et al. Is adiposity at normal body weight relevant for cardiovascular disease risk? Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord ; 6: Pihl E, Jurimae T. Cardiovascular disease risk factors in males with normal body weight and high waist-tohip ratio. J Cardiovasc Risk ; 8: Goodpaster BH, Krishnaswami S, Harris TB, Katsiaras A, Kritchevsky SB, Simonsick EM, Nevitt M, Holvoet P, Newman AB. Obesity, regional body fat distribution, and the metabolic syndrome in older men and women. Arch Intern Med. 5; 65: Dvorak RV, DeNino WF, Ades PA, Poehlman ET. Phenotypic characteristics associated with insulin resistance in metabolically obese but normal-weight young women. Diabetes 999; 48: -4.. Chan JM, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Obesity, fat distribution, and weight gain as risk factors for clinical diabetes in men. Diabetes Care. 994; 7: Willett WC, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Speizer FE, et al. Weight, weight change, and coronary heart disease in women. Risk within the 'normal' weight range. JAMA 995; 7: Manson JE, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ, Hankinson SE, et al. N Engl J Med 995; : Hsieh SD, Yoshinaga H, Muto T, Sakurai Y, Kosaka K. Health risks among Japanese men with moderate body mass index. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord ; 4: Gyllenborg J, Rasmussen SL, Borch-Johnsen K, Heitmann BL, Skakkebaek NE, Juul A. Cardiovascular risk factors in men: The role of gonadal steroids and sex hormone-binding globulin. Metabolism ; 5: Criqui MH, Barrett-Connor E, Holdbrook MJ, Austin M, Turner JD. Clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors. Prev Med 98; 9: 55-.

13 9/ Abstract Original Article Effect of acute and and chronically administrated estradiol benzoate on the withdrawal syndrome in morphine dependent ovariectomized mice Kesmati M, Namayandeh HR Department of Biology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran Abstract Introduction: There is some evidence about the role of estrogen in the nervous system such, as increasing plasticity in different areas of brain and interference phenomena like reproduction, pain and memory. Results of some investigation indicate the neuromodulatory effect of estrogen. In this study, the effect of estradiol benzoate in morphine dependency was investigated. Material and Methods: Albino mice weighing 5± grams, were divided to in to control (sham operation), ovariectomized, ovariectomized receiving sesame oil and acute and chronically administrered estradiol benzoate groups. Addiction was induced in all animals by morphine injections times per day, for four days. On the fourth day, half an hour before induction of withdrawal syndrome naloxone, stradiol benzoate were acutely injected (. mg/kg, SC) and jumping of animals as a sign of withdrawal syndrome was assessed. Chronic treatment of estradiol benzoate was coadministered with morphine on four the day. Results: The results showed that ovarectomy decreased jumping activity of withdrawal syndrome or intensity of morphine-dependency and estradiol benzoate treatment partially increased this sign of the withdrawal syndrome although but it was less than the control groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that the other sex related factors probably influence the intensity of morphine dependency. Key Words: Estradiol, Morphine, Withdrawal Syndrome, Ovariectomy

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