Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

Transcription

1 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A ACCORD (Action to Control Cardiovascular Disease and Diabestes), blood pressure goal, 74 ACEIs (Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors), ADVANCE (Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicrom MR controlled Evaluation), blood pressure goal, 74 alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor(s), acarbose, 44 miglitol, 44 Amylin agonists, pramlintide, 47 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), Antidiabetic medications, noninsulin, in hospitalized patients, Antihypertensive medication(s), ACEIs, alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, and associated drug classes, ARBs, 79 beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, nitrodilators, 89 potassium channel openers, 89 renin inhibitors, 90 selection of monotherapy vs. combination therapy, recommendations for initial, 77 sympatholytics, centrally acting, 89 tests before starting, 75 76, vasodilators, direct-acting, 89 ARBs (Angiotensin receptor blockers), B beta Blockers, Biguanide(s), metformin, perioperative use of, 23 24, 27 Blood pressure, accurate measurement of, 73 goal for, ACCORD, 74 ADVANCE, 74 INVEST, 75 Crit Care Nurs Clin N Am 25 (2013) ccnursing.theclinics.com /13/$ see front matter ª 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2 136 Index C Calcineurin immunosupression, new-onset diabetes after transplantation and, 33, 35 Calcium channel blockers, D DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension), Diabetes, and heart failure, ketoacidosis in, 56 perioperative care of patients with, (See also Perioperative care of patients with diabetes) physiology and types of, prevalence of, 56 type 1, defined, 56 type 2, defined, 56 Diabetes education, case studies, adolescent, child, 101 diabetes and self-management in, objectives of, 124 self-care behaviors in, 124 hyperglycemia and, in stress diabetes, steroid-related, 123 in critical care, behavior change in, motivating, 127 benefits of, 128 communication in, 126 content of, dietician involvement in, 127 identification of patients for, learning new skills in, reasons for, referral to outpatient diabetes education program, timing of, in hospitalized children, critcal care nurse support in, 106 pathophysiology in, 103 safety in, 103 school and care plans in, 104 skills in, blood glucose monitoring and insulin injections, support in, community, 104 coping strategies, 104 family, 105 PICU nurses, supporting child with repeated admissions, survival needs of family and child, 102 insulin doses, basal and bolus, 125 food and, 125 self-management in, 124 basic survival inhospital, benefits of, 128 outpatient setting, 106

3 Index self-care behaviors in, 105 self-monitoring and barriers to, Diet for hypertension. See DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor(s), linagliptin, 45 perioperative use of, 23, 27 saxagliptin, 45 sitagliptin, 45 Diuretics, Dopamine agonists, bromocriptine mesylate, G Glucocorticoids, new-onset diabetes after transplantation and, 32, 35, 37 Glucose management, American Diabetes Association recommended initiation and goal for, 15 novel approaches to, 12 Glycemic control, in critically ill patient, benefits of, risks of, novel approaches to, 12 H Heart failure, assessment of, medication review in, 96 patient history in, 96 physical examination in, 96 cardiomyopthy, diabetes-associated, 95 causes of, classification of, New York Heart Association, 97 core measures for treatment, diabetes contribution to, 95 diagnostic tests for, 95 inpatient management of, case study, principles of, 98 treatment of, drugs for, 96 surgical procedures, 98 Hospitalized patients, non-critically ill, glycemic targets in, 57 hyperglycemia in, 55 57, 59 60, 62 hypoglycemia in, 59 insulins in, (See also Insulin) noninsulin oral antidiabetic medications for, with diabetes, insulin pump in, with hyperglycemia and diabetes, implications for nursing care, 60, 62 Hyperglycemia, after solid organ transplatation (See also New-Onset Diabetes after Transplantation (NODAT)) defined, 8 glycemic targets in, 8 in critically ill patients, causes of, 9 10 glycemic control in, insulin for, 9 11 management of, 9 11

4 138 Index Hyperglycemia (continued ) in hospitalized patients, factors contributing to, 57 length of stay for, noninsulin medications for, 4 sliding scale vs. scheduled injection of basal insulin, 3 4 subcutaneous insulin injection for, 3 in intensive care unit, hospital complications from, 8 prevalence of, 7 in stress diabetes, management of, after solid organ transplantation, in ICU, 7 13 protocol for, with insulin pump in hospitalized patient, 119 steroid-related, 123 stress-induced, 10 types of, 8 underlying diabetes in, diagnosis of, 9 Hyperglycemia and diabetes, in hospital, 1 6 education before discharge from, 5 glycemic targets, 3 hypoglycemia, treatment of, 4 5 transition to outpatient care, 5 treatment of hyperglycemia, 3 4 in hospitalized patient, assessing for hyperglycemia, 2 3 identification of, 2 in patients without diabetes, 2 prevalence of diabetes in, 1 2 insulin in noncritically-ill patients, Hyperinsulinemia, in type 2 diabetes, 73 Hypertension, in patients with diabetes, accurate blood pressure measurement in, 73 antihypertensive medication for, (See also Antihypertensive medication(s)) blood pressure goal, cardiovascular risk factors in, 72 DASH diet for, diagnosis of, 73 73, hyperinsulinemia in type 2 diabetes, 73 impact on complications of, incidence of, management of, risk for development of, therpeutic lifestyle changes for, 75 treatment of, Hypoglycemia, in critically ill patient, adverse effects of, 11 in hospitalized patient, treatment of, 4 5 I Incretin, perioperative use of, 23, Incretine mimetic(s), exenatide and exenatide extended-release, 46 liraglutide, 47 Insulin, administration of, insulin pump,

5 intravenous infusion, subcutaneous injection, 13, 16 17, benefits of intensive management, common regimens in hospital, basal, 62 basal-bolus, recommended for type 1 diabetes, 60 sliding scale, 60 comparison with oral hypoglycemics, 10 guideline for use, in critically ill patients, administration methods, 9 10 in non-critically-ill hospitalized patients with hyperglycemia and diabetes, in non-critically ill hospitalized patient with type 2 DM, dosage calculation, 58 nutrition guidelines for, perioperative adjustment of, 23, types and duration of action, 9, 11 types of, 61 basal, 58 59, 62 bolus, 59 rapid and long-acting, 58 synthetic human, Insulin infusion, computerized vs. manual algorithms, 17 indication for, 16 initiation of, 16 intravenous, nursing considerations, protocols for, Glucommander sustem, 18 Glucostabilizer system, 18 Portland, Yale, 18 transitioning to subcutaneous insulin, Insulin pump, advantages of, description of, disadvantages of, increase in usage of, 112 in hospitalized diabetes patient, in hospital setting, 112 initial calculation for basal and bolus rates, modes of operation of, basal rate, bolus rate, 114 patient selection for, characteristics of, 115 medical indications for, 116 use in hospitalized patient, disconnection of, 119 hospital policy and, 120 hyperglycemia protocol for, 119 medical staff responsibility for, 118 patient responsibility for, special situations in, trouble-shooting pump problems, Intravenous insulin infusions, See also Insulin infusion INVEST (International Verapamil SR/Trandolapril Study), blood pressure goal, 75 Index 139

6 140 Index L Limb salvage for veterans with diabetes, See also Lower limb amputation; Prevention of Amputation in Veterans Everywhere Lower limb amputation, cost of in patients, 132 impact of diabetes on, prevention at DeBakey VA in Texas (See Prevention of Amputation for Veterans Everywhere (PAVE)) M Meglitinide(s), nateglinide, 42 perioperative use of, 23 24, repaglinide, N New-Onset Diabetes after Transplantation (NODAT), calcineurin-related, 33 glucocorticoid-related, 32 pathology of, current literature on, 32 diagnosis of, 33 insulin therapy in, adverse effects of, chronic use of, dependendy on, 35 glucose instability in, recommendations for, transition fron insulin infusion to subcutaneous insulin, types of insulin in, 36 intensive care treatment, adverse effects, chronic use, continuous insulin infusions, 33 dependency, 35 glucose instability in, insulin drips, 33 subcutaneous insulin injection, pathology of, glucocorticoid drugs in, 32, 35, 37 treatment goals for, AACE and ADA glucose target goals, 33 Nitrodilators, 889 Noninsulin antidiabetic medication(s), adjustment in perioperative period, 23 indications for use in hospitalized patients, 4 in hospitalized patients, injectable, implications for surgery, 23, 26 oral, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, 44 amylin agonists, 47 biguanides, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, dopamine agonists, incretine mimetics, in perioperative care, oral, 24, 28 in postoperative care, 26 meglitinides, 41 42

7 Index 141 sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, P Perioperative care of patients with diabetes, adjustment of diabetes medications, 27 adjustment of noninsulin diabetes medications, 23 day of surgery, adjustment of diabetes medications on, insulin therapy in surgery patients, 26, 28 noninsulin injectable diabetes medications, 26 oral diabetes medications, surgery implication, 24 perioperative period, blood glucose target in, postoperative care, oral noninsulin medications, surgery in, assessmet prior to, 22 effects on blood glucose, undergoing ambulatory surgery, 23 Potassium channel openers, 89 Prevention of Amputation for Veterans Everywhere (PAVE), education classes, 133 foot examinations in, 133 limb salvage meetings, monthly, 134 prevention of foot injury in neuropathy, 133 rehabilitation therapies in, risk referral criteria for, 132 services for lower extremity evaluation, 133 R Renin inhibitors, 90 S Sucutaneous insulin, transitioning to from insulin infusion, Sulfonylurea(s), glimepiride, glipizide, 40 gluburide, 41 perioperative use of, 23 24, Sympatholytics, centrally-acting, 89 T Thiazolidinedione(s), perioperative use of, 23 24, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, 43 V Vasodilators, direct-acting, 89