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1 DAFTAR PUSTAKA [Anonim] Sulawesi Utara dalam angka. [dikutip 13 Mei 2009]. Tersedia dari: [Anonim] Gorontalo dalam angka. [dikutip 13 Mei 2009]. Tersedia dari: [Anonim] Profil DKI Jakarta. [dikutip 15 Mei 2009]. Tersedia dari: Adiningrum RD Karakteristik kegemukan pada anak sekolah dan remaja di Medan dan Jakarta Selatan [Skripsi]. Bogor: Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Aekplakorn W et al Trends in obesity and associations with education and urban or rural residence in Thailand. Obesity. 15: Al-Riyami AA, Afifi MM Prevalence and correlates of obesity and central obesity among Omani Adults. Saudi Med J. 24: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan (Balitbangkes) Depkes Riset Kesehatan Dasar Jakarta: Balitbangkes Depkes. Baik I et al Adiposity and mortality in men. Am J Epidemiol. 152: Barbagallo CM et al Prevalence of overweight and obesity in a rural southern Italy population and relationships with total and cardiovascular mortality: the Ventimiglia di Sicilia project. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 25: Barbeau P et al Ten months of exercise improves general and visceral adiposity, bone, and fitness in Black girls. Obesity. 15: Besson H et al A cross-sectional analysis of physical activity and obesity indicators in European participants of The EPIC-PANACEA study. Int J Obes. 33: Bigaard J, Tjønneland A, Thomsen BL, Overvad K, Heitmann BL, Sørensen TIA Waist circumference, BMI, smoking, and mortality in middle-aged men and women. Obesity. 11: Bobak M, Skodova Z, Marmot M Beer and obesity: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 57: Bray GA, Nielsen SJ, Popkin BM Consumption of high-fructose corn Syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 79: Canoy D et al Cigarette smoking and fat distribution in British men and women: a population-based study. Obesity. 13:

2 Chang CJ, Wu CH, Yao WJ, Yang YC, Wu JS, Lu FH Relationships of age, menopause and central obesity on cardiovascular disease risk factors in Chinese women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 24: Chen Y, Rennie D, Cormier YF, Dosman J Waist circumference is associated with pulmonary function in normal-weight, overweight, and obese subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 85: Chiolero A, Jacot-Sadowski I, Faeh D, Paccaud F, Cornuz J Association of cigarettes smoked daily with obesity in a general adult population. Obesity. 15: Chiolero A, Faeh D, Paccaud F, Cornuz J Consequences of smoking for body weight, body fat distribution, and insulin resistance. Am J Clin Nutr. 87: Dekkers JC et al Development of general and central obesity from childhood into early adulthood in African American and European American males and females with a family history of cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 79: Demerath EW et al Anatomical patterning of visceral adipose tissue: race, sex, and age variation. Obesity. 15: de Pablos-Velasco PL, Martinez-Martin FJ, Rodriguez-Perez F Prevalence of obesity in a Canarian community. Association with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Guia study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 56: Dorn JM et al Alcohol drinking patterns differentially affect central adiposity as measured by abdominal height in women and men. J. Nutr. 133: Drapeau V et al Modifications in food-group consumption are related to long-term body-weight changes. Am J Clin Nutr. 80: Drewnowski A The real contribution of added sugars and fats to obesity. Epidemiol Rev. 29: Epstein LH, Gordy CC, Raynor HA, Beddome M, Kilanowski CK, Paluch R Increasing fruit and vegetable intake and decreasing fat and sugar intake in families at risk for childhood obesity. Obes Res. 9: Erem C et al Prevalence of obesity and associated risk factors in a Turkish population (Trabzon City, Turkey). Obesity. 12: Garaulet M et al Endocrine, metabolic and nutritional factors in obesity and their relative significance as studied by factor analysis. Int J Obes. 25: Gotera W, Aryana S, Suastika K, Santoso A, Kurwardhani T Hubungan antara obesitas sentral dengan adiponektin pada pasien geriatri dengan penyakit jantung koroner. J Peny Dalam. 7:

3 Griesemer R Index of central obesity as a parameter to evaluate metabolic syndrome for white, black, and hispanic adults in the United States. [Tesis]. Georgia, Atlanta: Georgia State University. Guallar-Castillon P et al Intake of fried foods is associated with obesity in the cohort of Spanish adults from the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr. 86: Gutierrez-Fisac JL, Lopez E, Banegas JR, Graciani A, Rodriguez-Artalejo F Prevalence of overweight and obesity in elderly people in Spain. Obesity. 12: Hasler G et al Major depression predicts an increase in long-term body weight variability in young adults. Obesity. 13: He K et al Changes in intake of fruits and vegetables in relation to risk of obesity and weight gain among middle-aged women. Int J Obes. 28: Huot, Paradis G, Ledoux M Factors associated with overweight and obesity in Quebec adults. Int J Obes. 28: Irwin ML et al. Effect of exercise on total and intra-abdominal body fat in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 289(3): Jakicic JM, Otto AD Physical activity considerations for the treatment and prevention of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 82(suppl):226S-9S. Janghorbani M et al First nationwide survey of prevalence of overweight, underweight, and abdominal obesity in Iranian adults. Obesity. 15: Kamso S Dislipidemia dan obesitas sentral pada lanjut usia di Kota Padang. J Kes Mas Nas. 2: Kantachuvessiri A, Sirivichayakul C, KaewKungwal J, Tungtrongchitr R, Lotrakul M Factors associated with obesity among workers in a metropolitan waterworks authority. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 36: Katz JR et al Central obesity, depression and the hypothalamo- pituitaryadrenal axis in men and postmenopausal women. Int J Obes.24: Klein S et al Waist circumference and cardiometabolic risk: a consensus statement from Shaping America s Health: Association for Weight Management and Obesity Prevention; NAASO, the Obesity Society; the American Society for Nutrition; and the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 30: Ko GTC, Tang JSF Waist circumference and BMI cut-off based on 10-year cardiovascular risk: evidence for central pre-obesity. Obesity. 15:

4 Koh-Banerjee P et al Prospective study of the association of changes in dietary intake, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking with 9-y gain in waist circumference among US men. Am J Clin Nutr. 78: Krishnan S, Rosenberg L, Djousse L, Cupples LA, Palmer JR Overall and central obesity and risk of type 2 diabetes in U.S. black women. Obesity. 15: Lahmann PH, Lissner L, Gullberg B, Berglund G Sociodemographic factors associated with long-term weight gain, current body fatness and central adiposity in Swedish women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 24: Lee CD, Jacobs DR, Schreiner PJ, Iribarren C, Hankinson A Abdominal obesity and coronary artery calcification in young adults: The coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study. Am J Clin Nutr. 86: Lee ES et al Depressive mood and abdominal fat distribution in overweight premenopausal women. Obesity. 13: Li C, Ford ES, McGuire LC, Mokdad AH Increasing trends in waist circumference and abdominal obesity among U.S. adults. Obesity. 15: Lofgren I et al Waist circumference is a better predictor than body mass index of coronary heart disease risk in overweight premenopausal women. J. Nutr. 134: Low S, Chin MC, Deurenberg-Yap M Review on epidemic of obesity. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 38:57-65 Malik VS, Schulze MB, Hu FB Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr. 84: Mansour AA, Al-Hassan AA, Al-Jazairi MI Cut-off values for waist circumference in rural Iraqi adults for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Rural and Remote Health 7:765. Martins IS, Marinho SP The potential of central obesity antropometric indicators as diagnostic tools. Rev Saúde Pública. 37(6) McTiernan A et al Exercise effect on weight and body fat in men and women. Obesity. 15: Misra A, Pandey RM, Devi JR, Sharma R, Vikram NK, Khanna N High prevalence of diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia in urban slum population in Northern India. Int J Obes. 25:

5 Mustelin L et al Physical activity reduces the influence of genetic effects on BMI and waist circumference: a study in young adult twins. Int J Obes. 33: Newby PK et al Dietary patterns and changes in body mass index and waist circumference in adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 77: Panagiotakos DB et al Epidemiology of overweight and obesity in a Greek adult population: the ATTICA study. Obesity. 12: Pischon T et al General and abdominal adiposity and risk of death in Europe. N Engl J Med. 359: Poirier P, Despres JP Waist circumference, visceral obesity, and cardiovascular risk. J Cardiol Rehab. 23: Reynolds K et al Prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity in China. Obesity. 15: Risérus U, Ingelsson E Alcohol intake, insulin resistance, and abdominal obesity in elderly men. Obesity. 15: Roberts C et al Prospective association between obesity and depression: evidence from the Alameda county study. Int J Obes. 27: The Effects of stress on body weight: biological and psychological predictors of change in BMI. Obesity.15: Roemmich JN, Smith JR, Epstein LH, Lambiase M Stress reactivity and adiposity of youth. Obesity. 15: Rosmond R, Björntorp P Occupational status, cortisol secretory pattern and visceral obesity in middle-aged men. Obes Res. 8: Shen W et al Waist circumference correlates with metabolic syndrome indicators better than percentage fat. Obesity. 14: Slentz CA et al Effects of the amount of exercise on body weight, body composition, and measures of central obesity. Arch Intern Med. 164: Sonmez K et al Which method should be used to determinate the obesity, in patients with coronary artery disease? (body mass index, waist circumference or waist-hip ratio). Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 27: The Western Pacific Region, World Health Organization, International Associates for the Study of Obesity, International Obesity Task Force The Asia-Pacific Perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment. Melbourne: Health Communications Australia.

6 Tolstrup JS et al Alcohol drinking frequency in relation to subsequent changes in waist circumference. Am J Clin Nutr. 87: Tsai CJ, Leitzmann MF, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL Prospective study of abdominal adiposity and gallstone disease in US men. Am J Clin Nutr 80: Vadstrup ES et al Waist Circumference in relation to history of amount and type of alcohol: results from the Copenhagen City heart study. Int J Obes. 27: Visscher TLS, Seidell JC, Molarius A, van der Kuip D, Hofman A, Witteman JCM A comparison of body mass index, waist-hip ratio and waist circumference as predictors of all-cause mortality among the elderly: the Rotterdam study. Int J Obes. 25: von Eyben FE et al Intra-abdominal obesity and metabolic risk factors: a study of young adults. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 27: Wang Y, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Hu FB Comparison of abdominal adiposity and overall obesity in predicting risk of type 2 diabetes among men. Am J Clin Nutr. 81: Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Morris RW, Whincup PH Measures of adiposity in the identification of metabolic abnormalities in elderly men. Am J Clin Nutr. 81: World Health Organization. The challenge of obesity in the WHO European Region and the strategies for response. Di dalam Low S, Chin MC, Deurenberg-Yap M Review on epidemic of obesity. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 38: Weng HH et al Number of children associated with obesity in middle-aged women and men: results from the health and retirement study. [19 Agustus 2009] WHO Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. Geneva, Switzerland Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health. Obesity and Overweight: fact sheet. Geneva, Switzerland. Wildman RP, Gu D, Reynolds K, Duan X, He J Appropriate body mass index and waist circumference cut offs for categorization of overweight and central adiposity among Chinese adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 80: Wildman RP et al Are waist circumference and body mass index independently associated with cardiovascular disease risk in Chinese adults? Am J Clin Nutr. 82:

7 Williams PT, Satariano WA Relationships of age and weekly running distance to BMI and circumferences in physically active women. Obesity. 13: Wittchen HU et al International day for the evaluation of abdominal obesity: rationale and design of a primary care study on the prevalence of abdominal obesity and associated factors in 63 countries. Eur Heart J. 8(suppl B): B26-B33. Wolff H, Delhumeau C, Beer-Borst S, Golav A, Contanza MC, Morabia A Converging prevalences of obesity across educational groups in Switzerland. Obesity. 14: World Health Organization Western Pacific Region International Association for the Study of Obesity and the International Obesity Task Force. The Asia-Pacific perspective: Redefining obesity and its treatment. Crows Nest, NSW, Australia: Health Communications Australia. Xu F, Yin XM, Wang Y The Association between amount of cigarettes smoked and overweight, central obesity among Chinese adults in Nanjing, China. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 16 (2): Yoon YS, Oh SW, Park HS Socioeconomic status in relation to obesity and abdominal obesity in Korean adults: a focus on sex differences. Obesity. 14: Zhang X et al Abdominal adiposity and mortality in Chinese women. Arch Intern Med.167: Prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity in a Chinese rural population. Obesity. 16:

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