Brain Injury and Epilepsy

Transcription

1 Slide 1 Brain Injury and Epilepsy Presented by: Paula St. John, MA Education and Community Outreach Manager Minnesota Brain injury Alliance l Slide 2 Objectives: Learn about the brain, brain injury, causes, statistics and possible consequences of brain injury Review anatomy and the roles of specific regions of the brain Revise information about epilepsy Slide 3 The Minnesota Brain Injury Alliance Mission: To raise awareness and enhance the quality of life for all people affected by brain injury.

2 Slide 4 MN BIA Programs and Services o The Minnesota Brain Injury Alliance offers support to Minnesotans affected by brain injury through: Advocacy and public policy. Resource Facilitation services, which provide personal one-on-one connection to information and resources. Case management for individuals on TBI or CADI waivers. Statewide educational opportunities and outreach to underserved and communities of color throughout Minnesota. Slide 5 The Human Brain Slide 6 The Human Brain Has the same structure as the brain of other mammals, but it has a more developed cortex than any other. Is protected by thick bones of the skull suspended in cerebrospinal fluid.

3 Slide 7 The Human Brain Is susceptible to damage, disease, and degenerative diseases Is composed of neurons, glial cells, and blood vessels. The living brain is very soft. Despite having referred to as grey matter, the live cortex is pinkish-beige in color and slightly off white in the interior. Slide 8 The Cerebral Cortex/Cerebrum It is nearly symmetrical, with left and right hemispheres that are approximate mirror images of each other. Each hemisphere is conventionally divided into four lobes: the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe. Slide 9 The Cerebral Cortex/Cerebrum

4 Slide 10 6 Facts about the Human Brain Slide 11 FACT # 1 The weight of the human brain is about 3 pounds Slide 12 FACT # 2 The brain is approximately 80% water

5 Slide 13 FACT # 3 There are no pain receptors in the brain, so the brain can feel no pain. Slide 14 The brain is the fattest organ in the body and may consist of at least 60% fat. FACT # 4 Slide 15 FACT # 5 The brain can live for 4 to 6 minutes without oxygen and then begins to die. No oxygen for 5 to 10 minutes will result in permanent brain damage.

6 Slide 16 FACT # 6 If the brain loses blood for 8 to 10 seconds, you will lose consciousness. Slide 17 Let s Look at the Numbers Slide 18 MS 10,400 Spinal Cord 12,000 Breast Cancer 211,731 Lung Cancer 226,160 HIV 49,273 Comparison of Annual Incidence In the United States Stroke 800,000 Traumatic Brain Injury 2,500,000 Information gathered from CDC, National Stroke Association.

7 Slide 19 Of the 2,500, million treated & released from the ER 280,000 hospitalized More than 50,000 die 80,000 experience onset of long-term effects 5.3 million Americans (1.7% of population) living with a disability as a result of a TBI Slide 20 Facts about Brain Injury in Minnesota Estimated 100,000 Minnesotans live with the effects of brain injury. In Minnesota, the two age groups at higher risk: 0-4 years, years. 5,000 individuals in Minnesota sustain a TBI annually. Leading causes: falls, motor vehicle/ traffic accidents, sports and recreation, and assaults Slide 21 Brainy question

8 Slide 22 Acquired Brain Injury Is an injury to the brain which is not hereditary, congenital or degenerative. Traumatic Brain Injury Non-Traumatic Brain Injury Slide 23 Traumatic Brain Injury Is caused by a blow or jolt to the head or a penetrating head injury that disrupts the normal function of the brain. Not all blows or jolts to the head result in a TBI. Classified as Mild, moderate, severe Open, closed, blast Slide 24 Rating TBI Severity Injuries often classified as mild, moderate, severe Refers to the severity of the INJURY itself, NOT the severity of the consequences. MILD MODERATE SEVERE LOC: 0 30 minutes PTA: less than 1 day GCS: LOC: 30 min to 24 hours PTA: 1 7 days GCS: 9 12 LOC: greater than 24 hours PTA: > 7 days GCS: 3 8 LOC: loss of consciousness PTA: post traumatic amnesia GCS: Glasgow coma scale

9 Slide 25 Non-Traumatic Brain Injury Includes injuries to the brain that are not caused by an external physical force to the head. Anoxic/hypoxic Intracranial surgery Vascular disruption Infectious diseases Metabolic disorders Toxic exposure Slide 26 Mild Brain Injury (Concussion) Brief or no loss of consciousness Confusion, foggy/groggy feeling Feeling dizzy, nauseous, poor balance Headache, feeling of pressure Poor coordination and concentration Sensitivity to noise or light, blurred vision Poor memory, trouble talking Weakness or shaking Slide 27 What are the Leading Causes of TBI

10 Slide 28 Leading Causes of TBI o Falls (40.5%) o Struck by/ against events (15.5%) o Motor vehicle traffic crashes (14.3%) o Assaults (10.7%) * Blasts are a leading cause of TBI for active duty military personnel in war zones. Slide 29 Every Brain Injury is Unique Slide 30 The Brain is like Real-Estate Location Location Location

11 Slide 31 The Brain and Behaviors Simplified Parietal Lobe Sense of touch Differentiation: size, shape, color Spatial perception Visual perception Occipital Lobe Vision Cerebellum Balance Coordination Skilled motor activity Brain Stem Breathing Heart rate Arousal/consciousness Sleep/wake functions Attention/concentration Temporal Lobe Memory Hearing Understanding language (receptive language) Organization and sequencing Frontal Lobe Initiation Problem solving Judgment Inhibition of behavior Planning/anticipation Self-monitoring Motor planning Personality/emotions Awareness of abilities/limitations Organization Attention/concentration Mental flexibility Speaking (expressive language) Slide 32 Left Brain vs. Right Brain Slide 33

12 Slide 34 Brain Injury can affect: Physical Abilities Cognition Communication Emotions Personality Slide 35 Physical Abilities Physical Sensory Medications Slide 36 Cognition Problem solving Decision making Planning ahead Initiating Organization Time management Awareness

13 Slide 37 Communication Aphasia-Receptive or Expressive Writing Reading Ability to read body language Slide 38 Emotions Coping Mood Depression Anxiety Anger Crying/laughing Slide 39 Personality Sense of humor Sexuality Identity Relationships Awareness Social Skills Mood swings No filter

14 Slide 40 Questions Slide 41 Epilepsy A general term for conditions with recurring seizures May also be called a Seizure Disorder There are many kinds of seizures, but all involve abnormal electrical activity in the brain that causes an involuntary change in body movement or function, sensation, awareness, or behavior. Epilepsy is the fourth most common neurological disorder and affects people of all ages Slide 42 Seizures Sudden electrical activity in the brain Seizures are the main sign of epilepsy Seizures are either partial or generalized Where the activity occurs in the brain will determine how the seizure will look

15 Slide 43 Quick Stats Epilepsy Foundation 5.1 MILLION 1 IN ,000 ONE-THIRD 6 OUT OF 10 Center for Disease and Control Prevention Slide 44 Epilepsy and Brain Injury Increased risk of developing epilepsy following a traumatic brain injury The more severe the brain trauma is, the more likely a person is to suffer late PTE May be treated with phenytoin to prevent seizures up to 1 month after Veterans- Post traumatic epilepsy PTE 52% among TBI patients who have served Possible causes Possible triggers Slide 45 Treatment Options BRAIN INJURY Social and Psychological Support Behavioral Support EPILEPSY Medication Brain surgery Medical Devices Diet Social and Psychological Support

16 Slide 46 General Guiding Principles Listen more than talk Predictable times and organized routines are important Monitoring by a mental health professional Brain injury support groups A slow, measured approach to re-socialization should be followed Discuss activities that deter brain recovery Do not discuss the past Slide 47 Everyone Needs to Feel Worthwhile Slide 48 VIDEO

17 Slide 49 Minnesota Brain Injury Alliance Center for Disease Control and Prevention Minnesota Department of Health Brain Line Resources Slide 50 Summary Brain injuries are a growing and often silent epidemic in Minnesota, nationally and for our Veterans. Each individual, each brain and each recovery plan is unique. The Minnesota Brain Injury Alliance is here to help. Slide 51 Thank you for your time and attention Questions?