MANUAL HANDLING in the Construction Industry

Transcription

1 The Scourge of MANUAL HANDLING in the Construction Industry Presented by Daniel A. Anoff MSc. Pg. Civil Eng. AMIDE ICIOB

2 Introduction Annually, over 20% of all injuries in the Construction Industry were sustained whilst manually lifting and handling materials or equipment. The Construction Industry accounts for 25% of all injury accidents. All manual work involves lifting and handling to some extent.

3 The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again. WASHEQ Conference 2011 Manual Handling Ride BEFORE DURING AFTER

4 Aim of the Presentation To improve awareness of Health and Safety on Construction Project Sites. To gain an understanding of the principles of Safer Manual Handling Techniques for both loads and people. To explain how the musculoskeletal system can be used effectively to reduce the risk of injury. To explain safer handling principles and use of safe system of work whilst moving and handling.

5 Content 1. Definition 2. Statistics 3. Anatomy 4. Mechanics 5. Injuries 6. Risk Assessment 7. Law 8. Guidelines 9. Kinetic Method of Lifting 10. Conclusion

6 1. Definition Any activity requiring the use of force exerted by a person to lift, lower, push, pull, carry or otherwise move, hold or restrain any animate or inanimate object. The force or load don t need to be heavy or awkward to cause the handler lasting health problems.

7 2. Statistics Summary of largest cause of accidents at work 37% Manual Handling 19% Slips, Trips and Falls 12% Other Causes 20% Struck by an Object 7% Falling from Height 5% Machinery

8 3. Anatomy of the Human Body The Spine It has three main functions 1. To protect the spinal cord 2. To allow movement 3. To support the upper body The Complex System It consist of the following 1. Spinal Cord 2. Nerves 3. Ligaments 4. Muscles & Tendons

9 3. Anatomy-Vertebrae The vertebrae consist of 33 bones: the top 24 are separated by discs. Each vertebrae has 4 joints which h enables movement. The vertebrae are larger towards the bottom of the spine. Disc Spinal Cord Vertebrae

10 3. Anatomy-Disc Act as shock absorbers Firmly attached to vertebrae Poor blood supply Annulus stretches and relaxes during movement Annulus Nucleus Disc

11 3. Anatomy-Disc cont d Repeated stresses can cause minute tears and bulging of the disk. Presses on adjacent nerves and ligaments pins & needles, pain, numbness Commonly called a slipped disc

12 3. Anatomy- Muscles Muscles are bundles of fibre which enable movement Messages from the brain cause them to contract and relax Connected by tendons and when muscles contract the bones are drawn closer together A damaged muscle is called a strain

13 3. Anatomy-Ligament & Nerves Ligament Strong fibrous tissue Small degree ee of elasticity Stooped back posture can result in permanent elongation weakness and pain Damaged if stretched too far and torn called a sprain. Nerves Millions of fibres transmitting tt electrical ect ca impulses Vertebrae enclose and protect Nerves branch out from the spinal cord and pass between vertebrae Irritated nerves can be felt right along there length called sciatica.

14 4. Mechanic of Manual Handling Although mechanical equipment should be used whenever practicable, much of the work will inevitably continue to be done manually. The risk of injury can be greatly reduced by a knowledge and application of correct lifting and handling techniques and by taking a few elementary precautions.

15 4. Mechanic of Manual Handling Balance point is through centre of body when standing. A load held in front disturbs the balance - tension is generated in the back muscles to compensate Forms a lever effect. Average person holding a 10kg load at arms length generates a counterbalancing tension up to 10 times more to avoid falling over. High or repetitive levels of tension in the back can cause damage called muscle strain.

16 4. Mechanics Centre of Gravity Centre of Gravity Lever effect is reduced if load held closer to the body

17 4. Mechanics Graphic Illustration Deformation of vertebrae when put under load strain

18 5. Injuries Injuries are strains and sprains to muscles and joints, torn ligaments and tendons, disc trouble and hernias. These are often caused by sudden and awkward movements, e.g. twisting or jerking while lifting, or handling heavy loads; lifting loads beyond their physical capabilities. Back injuries are most frequently sustained while lifting and handling manually.

19 5. Injuries They may be the cumulative effect of repeated minor injuries, or the result of an abrupt strain. Stoop lifting should be avoided; it greatly increases the chances of sustaining back injuries. Laboratory tests show that the stresses imposed on a rounded back during stoop lifting is six times that experienced if the trunk is kept erect while bending at the knees.

20 5. Injuries The muscles of the abdominal wall are particularly vulnerable, and excessive strain may lead to ruptures. Cuts and abrasions from rough surfaces, sharp or jagged edges, splinters, projections, etc. Protective clothing should be worn; especially leather or PVC gloves to protect the hands.

21 5. Injuries The risk of injury is reduced by knowledge of correct lifting techniques and not by attempting to lift excessively heavy loads without assistance. Crushing of limbs, etc. by falling loads, or by fingers, hands or feet becoming trapped by loads.

22 6. Risk Assessment Before handling a load, established the following: What has to be moved? What does it weigh? Can it be safely handled by one person? Where is the load s centre of gravity? Does it really have to be moved? Will assistance be required? How far does it have to be moved and from where to where? Can the process that requires it to be moved be changed? Can the move be carried out more safely with mechanical assistance?

23 6. Risk Assessment Suitable protective clothing should be worn. This may include gloves, safety footwear, safety helmets, and special overalls if hot or corrosive substances are to be carried. Ensure that the lifting and lowering areas are clear of tripping hazards, and likewise check the route over which the load is to be carried. Not all loads need to be carried, of course. It may be easiest to roll, slew or push them. But assistance might still be required to avoid the risk of injury.

24 6. Risk Assessment Correct positioning of hands and feet in relation to the movement of the load is essential. Timber wedges should be used when raising or lowering heavy loads to prevent fingers and hands becoming crushed.

25 7. The Law The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (HASAWA) The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (MHSWA) The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992

26 7. The Law HASAWA: General duty to ensure the health, safety and welfare at work of their employees. In particular, they have a duty to ensure e the safe use, handling, storage and transport of articles and substances so far as is reasonably practicable.

27 7. The Law MHSWR: Regulation 3(1) requires employers to risk assess work activities. iti This risk assessment should identify whether there is a risk of injury from manual handling operations in the workplace.

28 7. The Law The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992: These regulations are based on an ergonomic approach to preventing manual handling injuries. This involves fitting the job to the worker, taking into account anatomy, physiology and psychology.

29 7. The Law These regulations require a number of relevant factors to be taken into consideration during manual handling: These are known as TILE: Task Individual Capability Load Environment

30 7. The Law Task: What is it about the way that we organise the task which might affect our health and safety? Individual Capabilities: What is it about the people p who are doing the job that might affect their health and safety? Load: What is it about the load which might affect our health and safety? Environment: What is it about the place which might affect our health and safety?

31 7. The Law These regulations set out a hierarchy of measures employers should work through to prevent or reduce the likelihood of injury: Avoid manual handling Assess the task Reduce the risk Monitor the task Inform and train staff on residual risks

32 8. Guidelines There is no such thing as a completely safe manual handling operation. But working within the following guidelines will cut the risk and reduce the need for a more detailed assessment.

33 8. Guidelines Each box in the diagram above shows guideline weights for lifting and lowering

34 8. Guidelines Special lf Factors in Operation Rough hg Guide Operation repeated once or twice a minute Reduce weight by 30% Operation repeated five to eight times a minute Reduce weight by 50% Operation repeated more than 12 times/second Average Female Handler twist through 45 degrees Handler twist through 90 degrees Handler seated and twisting Handlers seated Pushing or pulling a load (assumed that force is applied with hands between knuckles and shoulder height) Reduce weight by 80% Reduce weight by 30% Reduce weight by 10% Reduce weight by 20% Less than 5kg About 5kg About 25kg for starting or stopping aload. About 10kg for keeping a load in motion

35 9. Kinetic Method of Lifting The weight that can be lifted by any individual will vary according to personal physique, age, condition and practice, and the techniques employed. Youthful exuberance and bravado often tempt younger employees to attempt to lift loads that are too heavy. While they may succeed in the short term, long term damage may be done. Lifting capacity declines with age and an older person may not be capable of lifting the same load as a younger person; although this can be offset by employing a better technique.

36 9. Kinetic Method of Lifting The weight to be lifted must be within the lifting capacity of the individual worker and the load should be approached squarely, facing the intended direction of travel. The feet are positioned about a hip s width apart, one foot slightly in front of the body.

37 9. Kinetic Method of Lifting The load is tilted with one hand (if necessary) so that the other hand can obtain a secure grip at the corner nearest the body. The free hand is then transferred to the furthest corner of the load and drawn as close cose to the trunk aspossbe possible. Arms should be well tucked in to provide maximum support to the load.

38 9. Kinetic Method of Lifting The load should be held firmly into the body and carried to where it is to be deposited. d The closer the centre of gravity of the load can be kept to that of the body, the easier and more natural the lift. It is important to be able to see over or around the load so as to avoid tripping hazards.

39 9. Kinetic Method of Lifting When the weight is approaching the maximum lifting capacity of the individual, it will be necessary to lean back on the hips with the load to bring the trunk to the erect position before straightening the legs to lift the load. In this instance the body is being used simply as a counterbalance to keep muscular effort down to a minimum.

40 9. Kinetic Method of Lifting Grips should not be changed while carrying the load. First rest the load on a ledge or other firm support, then change the grip if necessary.

41 9. Kinetic Method of Lifting When large or awkward weights are involved, assistance should be sought. Co-ordinating ordinating team activity is important in team lifting. One person should give directions during lifting, carrying and lowering. Properly designed lifting aids will enable some tasks to be performed more quickly and easily and also eliminate the risk of injury or damage.

42 10. Conclusion Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the biggest cause of occupational ill health in the construction Industry. This could be avoided if management and workers did their bit to make the workplace safer.

43 10. Conclusion From the top to the bottom, it s in everyone s interest to keep themselves safe from injuries that are avoidable. Unless everyone actually takes some action to improve the situation, nothing will change and construction workers will continue to be seriously injured.

44 REMEMBER PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE

45 THE END