Manual Materials Handling
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1 Introduction to the Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling OR-OSHA SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 1
2 OR-OSHA Services Oregon OSHA offers a wide variety of safety and health services to employers and employees: Consultative Services (At all field offices) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 2
3 OR-OSHA Services Oregon OSHA offers a wide variety of safety and health services to employers and employees: Consultative Services (At all field offices) Training (Portland, Salem Central, Eugene) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 3
4 OR-OSHA Services Oregon OSHA offers a wide variety of safety and health services to employers and employees: Consultative Services (At all field offices) Training (Portland, Salem Central, Eugene) Standards and Technical Resources (Salem Central) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 4
5 OR-OSHA Services Oregon OSHA offers a wide variety of safety and health services to employers and employees: Consultative Services (At all field offices) Training (Portland, Salem Central, Eugene) Standards and Technical Resources (Salem Central) Enforcement (At all field offices) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 5
6 Give us a call Salem Central Office Portland Field Office Salem Field Office Eugene Field Office Medford Field Office Bend Field Office Pendleton Field Office SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 6
7 Objectives Section 1. Identify the costs of MMH injuries. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 7
8 Objectives Section 1. Identify the costs of MMH injuries. Section 2. Define the activities involved in MMH. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 8
9 Objectives Section 1. Identify the costs of MMH injuries. Section 2. Define the activities involved in MMH. Section 3. Apply MMH modeling to hazard recognition. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 9
10 Objectives Section 1. Identify the costs of MMH injuries. Section 2. Define the activities involved in MMH. Section 3. Apply MMH modeling to hazard recognition. Section 4. Recognize the factors that influence MMH. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 10
11 Objectives Section 1. Identify the costs of MMH injuries. Section 2. Define the activities involved in MMH. Section 3. Apply MMH modeling to hazard recognition. Section 4. Recognize the factors that influence MMH. Section 5. Understand and apply the guidelines for safe lifting. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 11
12 Objectives Section 1. Identify the costs of MMH injuries. Section 2. Define the activities involved in MMH. Section 3. Apply MMH modeling to hazard recognition. Section 4. Recognize the factors that influence MMH. Section 5. Understand and apply the guidelines for safe lifting. Section 6. Return to the workplace and conduce a basic survey. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 12
13 What Is Manual Materials Handling? Manual Materials Handling (MMH) is an important application of ergonomic principles that particularly addreses back injury prevention. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 13
14 What Is Manual Materials Handling? Manual Materials Handling (MMH) is an important application of ergonomic principles that particularly addreses back injury prevention. On your own: Your instructor has completed the demonstration. Make a list of anything that the instructor did that you believe could result in an injury to the back. What did you see? (bonus) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 14
15 What Is Manual Materials Handling? Manual Materials Handling (MMH) is an important application of ergonomic principles that particularly addreses back injury prevention. How well did you do? Rate your observation skill level on the following chart. I didn t see anything wrong Excellent Bonus I identified the instructor s five plus a sixth risk for a bonus SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 15
16 Section 1. Costs $600,000,000 in three years, $ 6.00 per second SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 16
17 Section 1. Costs $600,000,000 in three years, $ 6.00 per second 30,741 accepted disabling claims in 1993 SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 17
18 Section 1. Costs $600,000,000 in three years, $ 6.00 per second 30,741 accepted disabling claims in % were filed for sprains and strains. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 18
19 Section 1. Costs $600,000,000 in three years, $ 6.00 per second 30,741 accepted disabling claims in 1993 C T % were filed for sprains and strains ,789 (40.9%) were the trunk area. 12 L SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 19
20 Section 1. Costs $600,000,000 in three years, $ 6.00 per second 30,741 accepted disabling claims in 1993 C T % were filed for sprains and strains ,789 (40.9%) were the trunk area. 12 L1 2 3 Boxes and containers second. 4 5 SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 20
21 Section 1. Costs Form a Group 1. Introduce yourself to those at your table 2. Pick a Leader for your group 3. Name your group 4. Write the group name in bold letters on the back of the name tent provided 5. Everyone in your group should take notes SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 21
22 Section 1. Costs As a group: Make a list of all of the possible costs to the employer, supervisor, and the injured worker. Include those that may be secondary and away from the work site SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 22
23 Section 2. Five Activities Manual Materials Handling involves five types of activities: SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 23
24 Section 2. Five Activities Manual Materials Handling involves five types of activities: Lifting / Lowering SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 24
25 Section 2. Five Activities Manual Materials Handling involves five types of activities: Lifting / Lowering Pushing / Pulling SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 25
26 Section 2. Five Activities Manual Materials Handling involves five types of activities: Lifting / Lowering Pushing / Pulling Twisting SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 26
27 Section 2. Five Activities Manual Materials Handling involves five types of activities: Lifting / Lowering Pushing / Pulling Twisting Carrying SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 27
28 Section 2. Five Activities Manual Materials Handling involves five types of activities: Lifting / Lowering Pushing / Pulling Twisting Carrying Holding SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 28
29 Section 2. Five Activities As a group and from your experiences: List as many of these activities as you can in the next five minutes. Lifting/Lowering: Pushing/Pulling: Twisting: Carrying: Holding: SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 29
30 Section 2. Five Activities Lifting / Lowering : Lifting is to raise from a lower to a higher level. The range of a lift can be from the ground to as high as you can reach your hands. Lowering is the opposite activity from lifting. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 30
31 Section 2. Five Activities Pushing / Pulling : Pushing is to press against with force in order to move the object. The opposite is to pull. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 31
32 Section 2. Five Activities Twisting : As applied to MMH is the act of moving the upper body to one side or the other while the lower body remains in a relatively fixed position. ( Twisting can take place while the entire body is in a state of motion. ) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 32
33 Section 2. Five Activities Carrying : Having an object in ones grasp or attached while in the act of moving. The weight of the object becomes a part of the total weight of the person doing the work. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 33
34 Section 2. Five Activities Holding : Having an object in ones grasp while in a static body position. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 34
35 Section 3. Modeling Anything used to compare one thing with another is considered to be a model. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 35
36 Section 3. Modeling Anything used to compare one thing with another is considered to be a model. Hi Y all, They tell me that I m a CRASH DUMMY but I perfer to think of myself as a MODEL for SAFETY. What do you think? SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 36
37 Section 3. Modeling Three Scientific Models SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 37
38 Section 3. Modeling Three Scientific Models The Biomechanical Models SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 38
39 Section 3. Modeling Three Scientific Models The Biomechanical Models The Physiological Approach SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 39
40 Section 3. Modeling Three Scientific Models The Biomechanical Models The Physiological Approach The NIOSH Lifting Guidelines SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 40
41 Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models A Biomechanical model attempts to establish the physical stresses imposed on the musculoskeletal system while working. C T L L5 / S1 disc. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 41
42 Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models Sprains and strains have consistently been the major nature of injury, accounting for more than half of all disabling claims. Back sprains and strains were the single most frequent work injury, responsible for 25.3 percent of total claims in C T L L5 / S1 disc. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 42
43 Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models Lower back stress L5 / S1 disc. The numbers C1 through C7, T1 through T12, and L1 through L5 are the designations assigned to vertebra. 4 3 C T L L5 / S1 disc. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 43
44 Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models A vertebra is one of the bony segments composing the spinal column. Compressive force. C T L L5 / S1 disc. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 44
45 Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models The discs allow flexibility in your spine and act as shock absorbers. The center of the dis is jellylike. It is surrounded by tough rubber-like bands that are attached to the bones (vertebral bodies). (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 45
46 Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models The nerves provide the energy to make the muscles work. Please note the nerve locations with regards to the locations of the discs. (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 46
47 Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models The compressive forces on L5 / S1 are a function of the following: * The length and weight of the upper extremities. C T L L5 / S1 disc. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 47
48 Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models The compressive forces on L5 / S1 are a function of the following: * The length and weight of the upper extremities. * Angles from vertical of these body parts. How far the object to be handled is from the arch of the foot.) 4 3 C T L L5 / S1 disc. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 48
49 Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models The compressive forces on L5 / S1 are a function of the following: * The length and weight of the upper extremities. * Angles from vertical of these body parts. How far the object to be handled is from the arch of the foot.) * The weight of the load. (How much the object to be handled weighs.) C T L L5 / S1 disc. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 49
50 Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models Twisting in the middle of a lift amplifies the negative results of forces on the lower back. For purposes of illustration consider the follow: C T L L5 / S1 disc. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 50
51 Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models Twisting in the middle of a lift amplifies the negative results of forces on the lower back. For purposes of illustration consider the follow: The Great Herniated Tomato Experiment C T L L5 / S1 disc. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 51
52 Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models What about Cumulative Trauma? Cumulative Trauma? Cumulative Trauma? Cumulative Trauma? Cumulative Trauma? Cumulative Trauma? Cumulative Trauma? Cumulative Trauma? Cumulative Trauma? Cumulative Trauma? SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 52
53 Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models The following model shows the sources of force on L5 / S1 disc. C T L1 A B C It does not reflect the added forces during twist / bend lifting. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 53
54 Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models The following model shows the sources of force on L5 / S1 disc. C T L1 A B C Angle from upper vertical of trunk = A It does not reflect the added forces during twist / bend lifting. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 54
55 Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models The following model shows the sources of force on L5 / S1 disc. C T L1 A B C 2 Angle from lower vertical of upper arm = B It does not reflect the added forces during twist / bend lifting. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 55
56 Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models The following model shows the sources of force on L5 / S1 disc. C T L1 A B C 2 Angle from upper vertical of lower arm = C It does not reflect the added forces during twist / bend lifting. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 56
57 Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models C T L1 2 3 A B C 4 5 Factors to consider : * Factor 1 = Subject weight, subject height, and Angle A SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 57
58 Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models C T L1 2 3 A B C 4 5 Factors to consider : * Factor 1 = Subject weight, subject height, and Angle A * Factor 2 = Subject weight, subject height, Angle A, and Angle B SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 58
59 Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models C T L1 2 3 A B C 4 5 Factors to consider : * Factor 1 = Subject weight, subject height, and Angle A * Factor 2 = Subject weight, subject height, Angle A, and Angle B * Factor 3 = Subject weight, subject height, Angle A, Angle B, and Angle C SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 59
60 Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models C T L1 2 3 A B C 4 5 Factors to consider : * Factor 1 = Subject weight, subject height, and Angle A * Factor 2 = Subject weight, subject height, Angle A, and Angle B * Factor 3 = Subject weight, subject height, Angle A, Angle B, and Angle C * Factor 4 = Object weight, subject height, Angle A, Angle B, and Angle C SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 60
61 Angles Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models A B C Object C T L1 2 3 A B C F1 4 5 SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 61
62 Angles Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models A B C Object C T L1 2 3 A B C F1 4 5 F2 SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 62
63 Angles Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models A B C Object C T L1 2 3 A B C F1 4 5 F2 F3 SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 63
64 Angles Section 3. Modeling The Biomechanical Models A B C Object C T L1 2 3 A B C F1 4 5 F2 F3 F SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 64
65 Section 3. Modeling The Physiological Approach When a task requires more than 3 lifts per minute. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 65
66 Section 3. Modeling The Physiological Approach = ( 3 + lifts per min. ) A person s endurance is primarily limited by the capacity of the oxygen transport system SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 66
67 Section 3. Modeling The Physiological Approach = ( 3 + lifts per min. ) A person s endurance is primarily limited by the capacity of the oxygen transport system. Increased metabolism demands an increase in the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the tissue SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 67
68 Section 3. Modeling The Physiological Approach = ( 3 + lifts per min. ) A person s endurance is primarily limited by the capacity of the oxygen transport system. Increased metabolism demands an increase in the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the tissue. Energy cost, heart rate, blood pressure and blood lactate are measured SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 68
69 Section 3. Modeling The Physiological Approach = ( 3 + lifts per min. ) The Relationship of Frequency to Weight. The frequency is marked on the line at the bottom of the chart. 14 Weight 13 Lifted Frequency of Lifts (lifts/minute) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 69
70 Section 3. Modeling The Physiological Approach = ( 3 + lifts per min. ) The Relationship of Frequency to Weight. The weight that can be lifted can now be marked on the left of the chart. 14 Weight 13 Lifted Frequency of Lifts (lifts/minute) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 70
71 14 Weight 13 Lifted Section 3. Modeling The Physiological Approach = ( 3 + lifts per min. ) The Relationship of Frequency to Weight. As the frequency of lifts per minute increases, the weight of the objects to be lifted must be decreased Frequency of Lifts (lifts/minute) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 71
72 14 Weight 13 Lifted Section 3. Modeling The Physiological Approach = ( 3 + lifts per min. ) The Relationship of Frequency to Weight. As the frequency of lifts per minute increases, the weight of the objects to be lifted must be decreased Frequency of Lifts (lifts/minute) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 72
73 14 Weight 13 Lifted Section 3. Modeling The Physiological Approach = ( 3 + lifts per min. ) The Relationship of Frequency to Weight. As the frequency of lifts per minute increases, the weight of the objects to be lifted must be decreased Frequency of Lifts (lifts/minute) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 73
74 14 Weight 13 Lifted Section 3. Modeling The Physiological Approach = ( 3 + lifts per min. ) The Relationship of Frequency to Weight. As the frequency of lifts per minute increases, the weight of the objects to be lifted must be decreased Frequency of Lifts (lifts/minute) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 74
75 14 Weight 13 Lifted Section 3. Modeling The Physiological Approach = ( 3 + lifts per min. ) The Relationship of Frequency to Weight. As the frequency of lifts per minute increases, the weight of the objects to be lifted must be decreased Frequency of Lifts (lifts/minute) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 75
76 14 Weight 13 Lifted Section 3. Modeling The Physiological Approach = ( 3 + lifts per min. ) The Relationship of Frequency to Weight. As the frequency of lifts per minute increases, the weight of the objects to be lifted must be decreased Frequency of Lifts (lifts/minute) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 76
77 14 Weight 13 Lifted Section 3. Modeling The Physiological Approach = ( 3 + lifts per min. ) The Relationship of Frequency to Weight. As the frequency of lifts per minute increases, the weight of the objects to be lifted must be decreased Frequency of Lifts (lifts/minute) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 77
78 14 Weight 13 Lifted Section 3. Modeling The Physiological Approach = ( 3 + lifts per min. ) The Relationship of Frequency to Weight. As the frequency of lifts per minute increases, the weight of the objects to be lifted must be decreased Frequency of Lifts (lifts/minute) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 78
79 Section 3. Modeling The Physiological Approach Aerobic Capacity Aerobic capacity is defined as the maximum level of metabolism of which a person is capable. An individuals aerobic capacity depends on the capacity to deliver oxygen to the working muscles. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 79
80 Section 3. Modeling The Physiological Approach Effective Use of Muscles It is advantageous to design / select the task load wich maximizes efficiency. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 80
81 Section 3. Modeling The Physiological Approach Effective Use of Muscles It is advantageous to design / select the task load which maximizes efficiency. For dynamic effort (work) the optimal load is approx. 30% of maximum. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 81
82 Section 3. Modeling The Physiological Approach Effective Use of Muscles It is advantageous to design / select the task load which maximizes efficiency. For dynamic effort (work) the optimal load is approx. 30% of maximum. Overloading or underloading the muscular system is not efficient. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 82
83 Section 3. Modeling The Physiological Approach Effective Use of Muscles It is advantageous to design / select the task load which maximizes efficiency. For dynamic effort (work) the optimal load is approx. 30% of maximum. Overloading or underloading the muscular system is not efficient. For static effort (work) the optimal load is approx. 10% of maximum. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 83
84 Section 3. Modeling NIOSH Lifting Guidelines National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) Work Practices Guide for Manual Lifting 1982 H2 V2 V1 H1 SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 84
85 Section 3. Modeling NIOSH Lifting Guidelines The NIOSH guidelines determine what the maximum load should be, given the following characteristics: H2 V2 V1 H1 SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 85
86 Section 3. Modeling NIOSH Lifting Guidelines The NIOSH guidelines determine what the maximum load should be, given the following characteristics: H2 * Weight of the object lifted. V2 V1 H1 SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 86
87 Section 3. Modeling NIOSH Lifting Guidelines The NIOSH guidelines determine what the maximum load should be, given the following characteristics: H2 * Weight of the object lifted. * Position of load with respect to the body; starting and ending point of horizontal and vertical distance. V2 V1 H1 SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 87
88 Section 3. Modeling NIOSH Lifting Guidelines The NIOSH guidelines determine what the maximum load should be, given the following characteristics: H2 * Weight of the object lifted. * Position of load with respect to the body; starting and ending point of horizontal and vertical distance. * Frequency of lift. V2 V1 H1 SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 88
89 Section 3. Modeling NIOSH Lifting Guidelines The NIOSH guidelines determine what the maximum load should be, given the following characteristics: H2 * Weight of the object lifted. * Position of load with respect to the body; starting and ending point of horizontal and vertical distance. * Frequency of lift. V2 * Duration of lift. V1 H1 SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 89
90 Section 3. Modeling NIOSH Lifting Guidelines H1 = horizontal location from the midpoint between ankles to the center of the load at origin of lift (in inches) H2 V2 V1 H1 SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 90
91 Section 3. Modeling NIOSH Lifting Guidelines H1 = horizontal location from the midpoint between ankles to the center of the load at origin of lift (in inches) H2 V1 = vertical location of the hands at the beginning of lift measured from floor to hands (in inches) V2 V1 H1 SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 91
92 Section 3. Modeling NIOSH Lifting Guidelines H1 = horizontal location from the midpoint between ankles to the center of the load at origin of lift (in inches) H2 V1 = vertical location of the hands at the beginning of lift measured from floor to hands (in inches) D = vertical travel distance from origin to destination of load (in inches) V2 V1 H1 SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 92
93 Section 3. Modeling NIOSH Lifting Guidelines H1 = horizontal location from the midpoint between ankles to the center of the load at origin of lift (in inches) H2 V1 = vertical location of the hands at the beginning of lift measured from floor to hands (in inches) D = vertical travel distance from origin to destination of load (in inches) V2 F = average frequency of lift (lifts / minute) H1 V1 SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 93
94 Section 3. Modeling NIOSH Lifting Guidelines (lb.) 200 (Kg) 80 Body Interference Limit This range is acceptable. WEIGHT LIFTED Functional Reach Limit Acceptable (cm) Action Limit HORIZONTAL LOCATION OF LOAD (in.) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 94
95 Section 3. Modeling NIOSH Lifting Guidelines (lb.) 200 (Kg) 80 Body Interference Limit Administrative Controls are required in this range. WEIGHT LIFTED Acceptable Functional Reach Limit Administrative Controls Maximum Permissible Limit (cm) Action Limit HORIZONTAL LOCATION OF LOAD (in.) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 95
96 Section 3. Modeling NIOSH Lifting Guidelines WEIGHT LIFTED (lb.) (Kg) Body Interference Limit Hazardous Lifting Conditions Functional Reach Limit Administrative Controls Required Acceptable The lift should be eliminated by using Engineering Controls. Maximum Permissible Limit (cm) Action Limit HORIZONTAL LOCATION OF LOAD (in.) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 96
97 Section 3. Modeling NIOSH Lifting Guidelines Design the horizontal distance to be as close to 7 inches as possible. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 97
98 Section 3. Modeling NIOSH Lifting Guidelines Design the horizontal distance to be as close to 7 inches as possible. Design the vertical location of the origin of the lift to be at least 30 inches from the floor. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 98
99 Section 3. Modeling NIOSH Lifting Guidelines Design the horizontal distance to be as close to 7 inches as possible. Design the vertical location of the origin of the lift to be at least 30 inches from the floor. The vertical travel distance should be no greater than 10 inches. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 99
100 Section 4. Factors that Influence MMH Manual Materials Handling is influenced by the following factors: SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 100
101 Section 4. Factors that Influence MMH Manual Materials Handling is influenced by the following factors: Worker Characteristics SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 101
102 Section 4. Factors that Influence MMH Manual Materials Handling is influenced by the following factors: Worker Characteristics Task Characteristics / Work Practices SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 102
103 Section 4. Factors that Influence MMH Manual Materials Handling is influenced by the following factors: Worker Characteristics Task Characteristics / Work Practices Material / Container Characteristics SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 103
104 Section 4. Factors that Influence MMH Manual Materials Handling is influenced by the following factors: Worker Characteristics Task Characteristics / Work Practices Material / Container Characteristics Worker characteristics are different in each of us and affect the kind and amount of work that we can perform. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 104
105 Section 5. Safe Lifting Guidelines The following five general rules should be applied at every opportunity. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 105
106 Section 5. Safe Lifting Guidelines The following five general rules should be applied at every opportunity. Plan the lift SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 106
107 Section 5. Safe Lifting Guidelines The following five general rules should be applied at every opportunity. Plan the lift Both squat and stoop lifting is now considered acceptable for jobs requiring repeditive lifting. The term used to describe this is free form lifting. No matter what type of lift is used, it is never permissable to exceed the maximum acceptable load of the worker. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 107
108 Section 5. Safe Lifting Guidelines The following five general rules should be applied at every opportunity. Plan the lift Both squat and stoop lifting is now considered acceptable for jobs requiring repeditive lifting. The term used to describe this is free form lifting. No matter what type of lift is used, it is never permissable to exceed the maximum acceptable load of the worker. Keep the load as close to the body as possible. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 108
109 Section 5. Safe Lifting Guidelines The following five general rules should be applied at every opportunity. Plan the lift Both squat and stoop lifting is now considered acceptable for jobs requiring repeditive lifting. The term used to describe this is free form lifting. No matter what type of lift is used, it is never permissable to exceed the maximum acceptable load of the worker. Keep the load as close to the body as possible. Lift the load with a smooth body motion. (Avoid jerking) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 109
110 Section 5. Safe Lifting Guidelines The following five general rules should be applied at every opportunity. Plan the lift Both squat and stoop lifting is now considered acceptable for jobs requiring repeditive lifting. The term used to describe this is free form lifting. No matter what type of lift is used, it is never permissable to exceed the maximum acceptable load of the worker. Keep the load as close to the body as possible. Lift the load with a smooth body motion. (Avoid jerking) When turning, do not twist. Turn with the feet. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 110
111 Section 5. Safe Lifting Guidelines (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 111
112 Section 5. Safe Lifting Guidelines (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 112
113 Section 5. Safe Lifting Guidelines (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 113
114 Section 5. Safe Lifting Guidelines (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 114
115 Section 5. Safe Lifting Guidelines (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 115
116 Section 5. Safe Lifting Guidelines Body Mechanicics Keep back arched when lifting. Keep head and shoulders up. (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 116
117 Section 5. Safe Lifting Guidelines Body Mechanicics Plan ahead. Test the load before lifting. (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 117
118 Section 5. Safe Lifting Guidelines 10 lbs. 100 lbs. 10 lbs. 10 lbs. 100 lbs. 10 lbs. 10 lbs. 10 lbs. Keep the weight close to the body. (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 118
119 Section 5. Safe Lifting Guidelines The Diagonal Lift Squat. Head up. Back arched. Feet spread. One foot ahead. (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 119
120 Section 5. Safe Lifting Guidelines The Power Lift Partial squat. Head up. Back arched. Feet spread. One foot ahead. (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 120
121 Section 6. The MMH Survey Surveys are tools that can remind us of conditions and practices that when present in the workplace can lead to injury or illness. Surveys should ask critical questions about the operation. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 121
122 Section 6. The MMH Survey The Manual Materials Handling Survey Costs Yes No Are we experiencing costly accidents relative to this task? Activities Are any of the following activities required in this task? Lifting / Lowering Pushing / Pulling Twisting Carrying Holding SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 122
123 Section 6. The MMH Survey The Manual Materials Handling Survey Costs Yes No Are we experiencing costly accidents relative to this task? Activities Are any of the following activities required in this task? Lifting / Lowering Pushing / Pulling Twisting Carrying Holding SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 123
124 Section 6. The MMH Survey Models Do any of the following models apply to this task? Factors Biomechanical (compression forces at L5) Physiological (frequency vs. weight) Aerobic Capacity (conditioning) Effective use of muscles NIOSH lifting guidelines Are any of the following influencing the task? Worker Characteristics Task Characteristics Material / Container Characteristics SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 124
125 Section 6. The MMH Survey Models Do any of the following models apply to this task? Factors Biomechanical (compression forces at L5) Physiological (frequency vs. weight) Aerobic Capacity (conditioning) Effective use of muscles NIOSH lifting guidelines Are any of the following influencing the task? Worker Characteristics Task Characteristics Material / Container Characteristics SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 125
126 Section 6. The MMH Survey Training Is the employee in need of training in safe lifting? Is the employee in need of training in body mechanics?.. Note: Any one Yes answer can be serious enough to cause serious injury or illness. The more Yes answers the higher the risk, even when the single Yes is determined to be minor. This is due to the cumulative effect of multiple negative factors. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 126
127 Section 6. The MMH Survey Training Is the employee in need of training in safe lifting? Is the employee in need of training in body mechanics?.. Note: Any one Yes answer can be serious enough to cause serious injury or illness. The more Yes answers the higher the risk, even when the single Yes is determined to be minor. This is due to the cumulative effect of multiple negative factors. SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 127
128 Section 6. The MMH Survey (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 128
129 Section 6. The MMH Survey The Golfer s Lift (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 129
130 Section 6. The MMH Survey (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 130
131 Section 6. The MMH Survey Kneel When Working In A Low Position (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 131
132 Section 6. The MMH Survey (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 132
133 Section 6. The MMH Survey Straight Leg Lift, Bend At The Hips, Not The Back (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 133
134 Section 6. The MMH Survey (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 134
135 Section 6. The MMH Survey Partial Squat Lift (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 135
136 Section 6. The MMH Survey Reaching With a Heavy Load (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 136
137 Section 6. The MMH Survey Back Unsupported (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 137
138 Section 6. The MMH Survey Working Surface Too Low and Far Away (Adapted from: The Saunders Group inc., 4250 Norex Drive, Chaska, MN 55318) SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 138
139 Appendices * Definitions * Equipment, Materials, Container Characteristics * Biomechanical Model * NIOSH Lifting Summary * Manual Materials Handling Survey * Task Evaluation Guide * Action Plan Flow Diagram SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 139
140 Thank You! SC 206 Ergonomics of Manual Materials Handling 7/96 140
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