Bell Work. How does the muscular system relate to the following organ systems, Respiratory Circulatory Digestive

Transcription

1 Muscular System

2 Bell Work How does the muscular system relate to the following organ systems, Respiratory Circulatory Digestive

3 Exercise Science Standards 8) Review the gross and cellular anatomy and physiology of the musculoskeletal, nervous, and cardiovascular systems. Define the terms neuromuscular integration and central command. Summarize how neuromuscular integration, central command, and training and/or rehabilitation plans are based on the integration of the muscle nerve with the muscles of these systems. 9) Identify the two types of muscle fibers and their subtypes, slow twitch and fast twitch. Relate the concepts of histochemistry, immunocytochemistry, and physiologic contraction times to the performance of athletes in various sports. Evaluate the role genetics and training play in muscle fiber adaptations. From this research, generate an informational artifact to share with athletes or clients as part of an exercise/training program.

4 Anatomy & Physiology Standards 14) Classify the three categories of muscle fibers, differentiating between cells and tissue. Draw evidence from informational texts to explain the locations, behavioral properties, and functional roles unique to each category. Draw on knowledge of biological processes, such as the body s conversion of ATP into energy, to illustrate phenomena such as muscle fatigue. 15) Explain the guidelines used in naming skeletal muscles, such as location, size, direction, etc. Develop a graphic that identifies the name of the muscle, the directional motion, location, and function of the following muscle groups: a. Muscles of facial expressions b. Muscles of mastication c. Muscles of the neck d. Muscles of the trunk and upper extremities e. Muscles of lower extremities

5 OBJECTIVES Review the muscular system s types, functions, characteristics, points of attachment, and categories of naming by creating a crossword puzzle. Develop a graphic of 15 common muscles in the human body.

6 Introduction You have over 600 skeletal muscles ( depending on who you talk to) Muscles account for 40% of our body weight

7 Types of muscle tissue Cardiac: Walls of the heart Involuntary striated

8 Smooth or visceral Found in internal organs: respiratory tract, digestive tract, blood vessels and eyes Long circular fibers peristalsis Smooth (no striations) INVOLUNTARY

9 Skeletal or striated Attached to the bones to cause skeletal movement Striated VOLUNTARY

10 Functions of Skeletal Muscle Produce skeletal movement Maintain posture and body movement (muscle tone) Protection of soft tissue: abdominal wall and pelvic floor Maintain body temperature: ex. shivering

11 Characteristics of Muscle Tissue Irritability/excitability: ability of a muscle to respond to a stimulus nerve impulse Contractibility: when stimulated muscles respond by contracting Extensibility: ability to be stretched Elasticity: ability to return to its normal shape after being stretched or contracted

12 Types of Muscle Contraction Isometric: same length ex. Wall sits Concentric: muscle shortens while contracting: ex. Bicep curl Eccentric: muscle lengthens while contracting: bicep as you are lowering the weight

13 Points of Attachment Origin: less moveable attachment point, usually more proximal Insertion: more moveable attachment point, usually distal Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tendons

14 How Muscles are Named Origin and insertion: sternocleidomastoid, is named for its attachment to the sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process

15 Location or region: Pectoralis chest Gluteus buttocks Brachii arm Abdominus abdomen Femoris -- femur

16 Action: flexor, extensor, adductor, abductor Fibers: the direction that the fibers run Rectus straight, rectus abdominis Tranverse across, transversus abdominus Oblique diagonal, external oblique Obiqularis circular, obiqularis oris Divisions Bi two Tri three Quad -- four

17 Size: Vastus: Huge, vastus lateralis Maximus: large, gluteus maximus Minimus: small, gluteus minumus Longus: long, abductor pollicus longus Brevis: short, abductor pollicus brevis Shape Deltiod: triangular Rhomboid: rhombus Trapezius: trapezoid

18 Categories Based on Action Agonists: the prime mover, the muscle whose primary function is that particular movement Synergist: helper, a muscle who assists the agonist in that movement Antagonist: a muscle who has the opposite movement of the agonist

19 Example: for the movement of elbow flexion Agonist: biceps brachii Synergist: brachioradialis Antagonist: triceps brachii

20 Muscles to Know!!! (Page 167 old or 321 new book) 1. Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) 2. Pectoralis Major (chest) 3. Deltoid (upper/side of arm)(injection site) 4. Biceps Brachii (muscle with 2 heads at the front of upper arm) 5. Triceps Brachii (muscle with 3 heads at the back of upper arm) 6. Intercostals (inter=between; costae= ribs) (this is not in book) 7. Rectus Abdominus (Abs)(Abd; rectus= straight) 8. Trapezius (Upper Back/Neck) 9. Lattisimus Dorsi (Dorsal = back) 10. Gluteus Maximus (Maximus= large muscle) (injection site) 11. Gastrocnemius (Calf) 12. Quadriceps Femoris (muscle with 4 heads on top of femur) (injection site) (this name is not in book) 13. Sartorius (crosses over thigh like a seat belt) 14. Tibialis Anterior (front of tibia) 15. Orbicularis Oris (surrounds lips)

21 NAME THAT MUSCLE!!

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33 NAME THAT MUSCLE!! n. 1670s, from Latinized form of Greek gastroknemia "calf of the leg, from gaster "belly" + kneme "leg. So called for its form belly of the leg.

34 NAME THAT MUSCLE!!

35 NAME THAT MUSCLE!!

36 Activity Create your own crossword puzzle using key terms from the following headings: Characteristics Functions Types Attachments Make sure to make an empty crossword as well as a key to the crossword puzzle. Use at least 20 terms (E.g. movement, cardiac, elasticity.)

37 Exit Ticket Name one function of the muscular system. Name two ways muscles are named. Which type of muscle would the small intestine be considered? What is an antagonistic muscle?

38 Sternocleidomastoid Pectoralis Major Deltoid Biceps Brachii Triceps Brachii Intercostals Rectus Abdominus Trapezius Lattisimus Dorsi Gluteus Maximus Gastrocnemius Quadriceps Femoris Sartorius Tibialis Anterior Orbicularis Oris Skull Mandible Ulna Tibia Radius Fibula Carpals Metacarpals Femur Tarsals Phalanges Clavicle Sternum Metatarsals Ribs Lumbar spine Pelvis