Test Bank for The Human Body in Health and Illness 4th Edition by Herlihy

Transcription

1 Test Bank for The Human Body in Health and Illness 4th Edition by Herlihy Chapter 9: Muscular System Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following muscles is described as striated and involuntary? a. Aponeurosis b. Smooth c. Skeletal d. Cardiac 2. Actin is a. located within the neuromuscular junction. b. a contractile protein that is called a thin filament. c. called the thick filament. d. stored within the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 3. Which of the following forms cross-bridges with actin? a. Sarcoplasmic reticulum b. T tubules c. Myosin d. Sarcolemma

2 4. Pumping iron is most likely to cause a. atrophy. b. contracture formation. c. hypertrophy. d. muscular dystrophy. 5. The orbicularis oris muscle a. surrounds the mouth. b. flexes the head. c. is the smiling muscle. d. closes the eye. 6. Which of the following is not a facial muscle? a. Orbicularis oculi b. Zygomaticus c. Sternocleidomastoid d. Frontalis 7. Which muscle is located on the posterior area of the body? a. Latissimus dorsi b. Pectoralis major c. Quadriceps femoris d. Sternocleidomastoid 8. Which group of muscles is located on the posterior thigh? a. Rotator cuff muscles b. Quadriceps femoris

3 c. Hamstrings d. Muscles of mastication 9. The biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus a. flex the foot. b. attach to the patella. c. are the hamstrings. d. are located on the anterior thigh. 10. The rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius a. insert on the calcaneus. b. flex the leg at the knee. c. are antagonistic to the quadriceps femoris. d. are the muscles of the quadriceps femoris. 11. The quadriceps femoris group and the hamstrings a. lie along the anterior part of the leg. b. flex the foot. c. lie along the thigh. d. shrug the shoulders. 12. Which flat muscle covers the forehead and raises the eyebrows (for a surprised look)? a. Frontalis b. Zygomaticus c. Masseter d. Buccinator

4 13. The levator palpebrae superioris a. purses the lips. b. allows one to whistle. c. raises the eyelids. d. wiggles the nose. 14. The smiling muscle is the a. buccinator. b. zygomaticus. c. frontalis. d. orbicularis oris. 15. Which muscles are located between the ribs and help move the rib cage during breathing? a. Diaphragm b. Sternocleidomastoid c. Serratus anterior d. Intercostal muscles 16. Which muscle is located in the lower extremities? a. Peroneus longus b. Latissimus dorsi c. Serratus anterior d. Pectoralis major 17. Which group of muscles moves the arm at the shoulder? a. Quadriceps femoris group b. Hamstrings

5 c. Rotator cuff muscles d. Muscles of mastication 18. The brachialis and brachioradialis a. flex the forearm at the elbow. b. extend the hand. c. are antagonistic to the biceps brachii. d. shrug the shoulders. 19. Which large muscle extends the thigh at the hip? a. Sartorius b. Hamstring c. Rotator cuff d. Latissimus dorsi 20. Which muscle attaches to the cranial aponeurosis and wrinkles the forehead? a. Frontalis b. Buccinator c. Orbicularis oculi d. Platysma 21. Make like a scarecrow by contracting which muscle? a. Frontalis b. Trapezius c. Latissimus dorsi d. Deltoid

6 22. Which muscle lies along the anterior surface of the humerus and acts synergistically with the brachialis and brachioradialis to flex the forearm at the elbow? a. Deltoid b. Triceps brachii c. Biceps brachii d. Latissimus dorsi 23. The gastrocnemius and the soleus are commonly called the a. swimmer s muscles. b. toe dancer s muscles. c. muscles of mastication. d. trumpeter s muscles. 24. What is the name of the cord of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone? a. Ligament b. Tendon c. Linea alba d. Aponeurosis 25. Which of the following is a series of contractile units that make up each myofibril (each unit extends from Z line to Z line)? a. Sarcomeres b. Synapses c. Fascicles d. Sarcoplasmic reticulum 26. Which structure is an extension of the sarcolemma or cell membrane, which penetrates the interior of the muscle and carries the electrical signal to the deepest

7 part of the muscle? a. Sarcoplasmic reticulum b. T tubule c. Z line d. Tendon 27. The sarcoplasmic reticulum a. stores ACh. b. is located within the neuromuscular junction. c. envelops the sarcomere-containing myofibrils. d. is a contractile protein. 28. What is the site of calcium storage in a relaxed skeletal muscle? a. T tubule b. Neuromuscular junction c. Fascicle d. Sarcoplasmic reticulum 29. Acetylcholine is released from the prejunctional membrane in response to the a. nerve impulse. b. binding of the myosin heads to actin. c. release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. d. inactivation of acetylcholinesterase. 30. Which of the following is responsible for muscle relaxation? a. The sarcomere runs out of ATP. b. Calcium floods the area of the sarcomere, allowing for the interaction of actin and myosin.

8 c. Calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. d. Acetylcholinesterase in the neuromuscular junction is depleted. 31. Which of the following describes a muscle that remains in a contracted state? a. Twitch b. Tetany c. Atrophy d. Hypertrophy 32. Joey has had his leg in a non weight-bearing cast for 8 weeks. When the cast is removed, the leg appears smaller than the uninjured leg. Which term best describes this observation? a. Contracture b. Hypertrophy c. Muscle dystrophy d. Disuse atrophy 33. Which muscle covers the shoulder like a shoulder pad? a. Deltoid b. Trapezius c. Biceps brachii d. Sternocleidomastoid 34. Which of the following muscle words refers to the chest? a. Rectus b. Latissimus c. Vastus d. Pectoralis

9 35. Which muscle is located in the upper back and posterior neck region; contraction of this muscle causes you to look up at the sky? a. Pectoralis major b. Sternocleidomastoid c. Trapezius d. Diaphragm 36. Which muscle separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and is also the chief breathing muscle? a. Serratus anterior b. Intercostal muscle c. Sternocleidomastoid d. Diaphragm 37. Which muscle are you using as you turn your head to the left and then to the right? a. Sternocleidomastoid b. Frontalis c. Pectoralis major d. Diaphragm 38. Which muscles are located on the inner (medial) surface of the thigh and move the thigh toward the midline of the body? a. Gastrocnemius b. Quadriceps femoris c. Adductors d. Sartorius

10 39. Where is the vastus lateralis located? a. Arm b. Thigh c. Chest d. Back 40. What is the function of the masseter muscle? a. Adducts the thigh b. Chews food c. Lifts the eyelid d. Flexes the forearm at the elbow 41. The Achilles tendon attaches the soleus and which muscle to the calcaneus? a. Sartorius b. Quadriceps femoris c. Gastrocnemius d. Vastus lateralis 42. On which large muscle do you sit? a. Latissimus dorsi b. Gastrocnemius c. Gluteus maximus d. Rectus femoris 43. The rectus, transversus, internal oblique, and the external oblique refer to a. smooth muscles. b. abdominal muscles. c. breathing muscles.

11 d. muscles that are located on the back and work synergistically with the latissimus dorsi. 44. Which muscle lies along the posterior surface of the arm; it extends the forearm and is used to bear weight in crutch walking? a. Biceps brachii b. Biceps femoris c. Deltoid d. Triceps brachii 45. Which of the following increases the force of contraction of a whole muscle? a. Twitch b. Contracture c. Ossification d. Recruitment 46. The force of muscle contraction is most related to the a. amount of calcium that is stored within the sarcoplasmic reticulum. b. amount of neurotransmitter released from the prejunctional vesicles. c. numbers of cross-bridges formed between actin and myosin. d. size of the somatic motor neuron. 47. With regard to skeletal muscle contraction, which event comes first? a. Cross-bridge formation between actin and myosin b. Release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum c. Activation of the NM receptor within the neuromuscular junction d. Release of neurotransmitter (ACh) from the somatic motor neuron

12 48. With regard to skeletal muscle contraction, which event comes last? a. Shortening of the sarcomere b. Release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum c. Activation of the NM receptors by ACh d. Release of neurotransmitter (ACh) from the somatic motor neuron 49. Which group is incorrect? a. Dysfunction at the neuromuscular junction: botulism, myasthenia gravis b. Contractile proteins: thin filaments, myosin, aponeurosis c. Terms that describe the muscle activity of a whole muscle: twitch and tetany d. Movements: flexion, supination, abduction 50. Which group is incorrect? a. Types of striated muscle: skeletal, cardiac, smooth b. Movements: extension, pronation, adduction c. Movements: flexion, supination, abduction d. Muscles of the face: frontalis, buccinator, masseter 51. Which group is incorrect? a. Muscles in the lower extremities: hamstrings, quadriceps, gastrocnemius b. Muscles involved in breathing: diaphragm, intercostals, hamstrings c. Terms that describe the muscle activity of a whole muscle: twitch and tetany d. Muscles in the upper extremities: triceps brachii, biceps brachii, pronator 52. Which type of muscle requires stimulation by a somatic motor neuron? a. Visceral b. Smooth c. Cardiac d. Skeletal

13 53. Which of the following slides in the sliding filament hypothesis? a. Calcium and ATP b. Sarcoplasm and T tubules c. Actin and myosin d. Epimysium and perimysium 54. Which of the following causes the force that generates cross-bridges? a. Binding of the acetylcholine to the NM receptor in the neuromuscular junction b. The interaction of acetylcholine and cholinesterase c. The rotation of the myosin head on the actin d. The pumping of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum 55. Which of the following is most related to actin and myosin? a. Considered contractile proteins b. Form force-generating cross-bridges c. Sliding filaments d. All of the above 56. Muscle relaxation a. is a response to the binding of ACh to the receptor. b. occurs when calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. c. is a response to the inactivation of acetylcholinesterase by ACh. d. occurs when the tendons lengthen. 57. As the electrical signal travels through the T tubules, it causes the a. release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. b. release of the neurotransmitter ACh from the axon terminal in the

14 neuromuscular junction. c. inactivation of the ACh within the neuromuscular junction. d. myosin heads to detach from the actin. 58. The somatic motor nerve that supplies the muscles of the thigh has been severed; therefore, the person a. will be able to walk only if he or she receives IV calcium. b. cannot walk. c. can walk but has no feeling in the lower extremities. d. can stand but cannot walk. 59. Recruitment increases the a. force of muscle contraction. b. amount of cholinesterase in the neuromuscular junction. c. number of motor units that are activated d. Two of the above are true. 60. Which of the following is an event that occurs within the neuromuscular junction? a. Sliding of actin and myosin b. Pumping of calcium back into the SR c. Binding of the acetylcholine to the nicotinic receptor on the muscle membrane d. Release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum 61. Curare-induced muscle blockade at the NM receptors a. causes paralysis. b. induces tetanus. c. stimulates recruitment. d. causes loss of sensation with no effect on motor activity (muscle contraction).

15 62. Contraction of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle a. acts antagonistically to the pectoralis major. b. acts synergistically with the trapezius. c. hyperextends the head. d. rotates the head to the left. 63. Which of the following is true of the chewing muscles? a. must be attached to the mandible b. are smooth muscle c. are called the muscles of deglutition d. cannot tetanize 64. The biceps brachii, brachioradialis, and brachialis muscles a. have their origin on the scapula. b. act synergistically with the triceps brachii. c. extend the forearm. d. flex the forearm at the elbow. 65. Which of the following muscles is (are) located on the posterior body? a. Pectoralis major b. Latissimus dorsi c. Quadriceps femoris d. Rectus abdominis, transversus abdominis, internal oblique, external oblique 66. Where are the pronators and supinators located? a. Thigh b. Abdomen

16 c. Lower back d. Upper extremities