Biomechanics Specialist

Transcription

1 Biomechanics Specialist John Spencer Ellis Enterprises Contact information: (877) International (949) Customer Service NATIONAL EXERCISE & SPORTS TRAINERS ASSOCIATION 1

2 MODULE 1 Introduction to Biomechanics VIDEO 1 - Learning Outcomes 1. Define Biomechanics (define mechanics: analysis of forces and effects. Evaluation of the motion of living organisms and the action of forces on it) 2. Define forces on the body, internal and external 3. Describe the effects of forces on the body (positive and negative) (Internal and External) 4. Define the job of a Human Movement Specialist 5. Identify Goals of Biomechanics (Performance improvement/ Injury Prevention) 6. Define the GAS theory. 7. Define pattern of optimum training per the GAS theory. 8. Describe overtraining per the GAS theory 9. Describe detraining per the GAS theory 10. Describe the SAID principle 11. Describe the importance of Specificity in training 12. Explain transfer and why it measures specificity. 13. Explain why Exercise can be looked as physical stress on the body 14. Explain why Biomechanics is important as related to the mechanical stresses placed on the body. 15. Explain the importance and relationship of the term Analyze-Optimize-Maximize-Minimize 16. Explain how Biomechanics allows trainers / coaches to determine the correct exercise and correct technique for an individual. 17. Explain how the body adapts to stress. 18. Explain Wolff s Law 19. Explain Davis Law 2

3 The definition of Biomechanics Bio- means and Mechanics refers to. In summary, Biomechanics refers to the evaluation of of a living organism and the forces on it Forces The two types of forces on the body are classified as and. Internal forces are produced by structures inside the body. Those forces are classified as and. Active forces are produced by and Passive forces originate in the. External forces are produced by forces outside the body. These are numerous and include, and. Bodyweight is considered a form of an placed on the body. Positive Internal forces are good forces are defined as PROPER ACTIVATION OF FOR PROPER MOVEMENT. Negative internal forces are defined as IMPROPER ACTIVATION OF LEADING TO IMPROPER MOVEMENT. Positive external forces are described as when the body is positioned to properly accept forces from outside the body in accordance to the body s structure. This results in the work input of the internal forces being efficiently transferred to work output, leading to and VELOCITY. Negative internal forces are a result of improper activation of muscles leading to IMPROPER MOVEMENT. Negative external forces enter the body not in accordance to THE AND of the body, resulting in the body being NOT AS with a higher risk of connective tissue damage and NEGATIVE ADAPTATION. The job of a human movement specialist is to help the client/athlete to get from where they are at physically now to their fitness performance or. These may not be the same. This requires to help the client to get to these goals as and as possible. The two main goals of Biomechanics are Performance and Injury and. 3

4 Performance enhancement includes improvement, improvement and improvement Injury prevention and rehabilitation encompasses techniques to reduce the of injury and equipment designs to reduce injury. Why is Biomechanics is important? It is vital to have some understanding of how the human body is meant to move and more importantly, which movement to avoid and why. If a coach/trainer does not understand these fundamental principles, their workouts will be and potentially. What is Exercise?. The body adapts to stress on the body. is a positive stress. The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is a theory which describes the response of the human body to stress. A. Stage I is: B. Stage 2 is: C. Stage 3 is: Work Capacity (Performance) Stress (ex: exercise) A B Time C 4

5 Exercise to be beneficial must have and. Optimal training is demonstrated with. is seen with overstress or poor technique and improper recovery. is seen with poor quality, poor quantity and excessive recovery. Work Capacity Stress (exercise) Optimum Training Positive Training Adaptations The SAID Principle is: S: A: I: D: Recovery Time is a program design principle. is measuring the specificity. Exercise can be looked as placed on the body s structure to which the body will adapt. All physiological effects of exercise (good and bad) are directly due to the stress placed on the body. I order to performance and injury, first must understand how to and Biomechanics. 5

6 Kinematics and Kinetics Kinematics is the study of Kinetics is the study of. Biomechanics allows us to determine the correct and correct for the individual. Biomechanics allows us to answer the question What s happening in this exercise/sport/drill and how can we make it better? Biomechanics explains adaptations happen and then determine a course of action. In explaining the physiological adaptations to the stress of exercise, first there is either or (neuromuscular) Structural effects will result in or. Functional effects will result in coordination, coordination and. Law: the densities, and to a lesser extent, the sizes and shapes of bones are determined by the magnitude and direction of the acting forced Law: is used in anatomy to describe how soft tissue when placed under unremitting tension, elongate by the addition of new material. When remaining uninterrupted in a lax state, they gradually shorten by the absorption of material. Training Stimulus Structural Effects Functional Effects Motor Learning Hypertrophy Intermuscular Coordination 6 Intramuscular Coordination Reflexive Changes

7 MODULE 1 Basic Principles in Mechanics VIDEO 2 - Learning Outcomes 1. Define the three fundamental units in mechanics (time, distance, mass) 2. Explain difference between Quantitative vs Qualitative measurements 3. Understand the difference types of mechanics and which is important in Biomechanics 4. Explain difference between Statics and Dynamics 5. Explain Newton s First Law 6. Explain Newton s Second Law 7. Define Kinematics 8. Define Kinetics 9. Explain how structure and function are related any why this is important to a fitness professional 10. Explain what is required to be done to complete an analysis. 11. Explain what is osteokinematics 12. Explain what is arthrokinematics 13. Describe what Is necessary to maximize performance 14. Explain why stress can be good 15. Define scalars. 16. Define vectors. 17. Define resultant 7

8 Basic Principles in Mechanics The three fundamental units in mechanics are,,. measurements involve numbers Qualitative measurements involve of quality. Foundations of Functional and Sports Biomechanics are primarily based on the branch of mechanics known as - Mechanics. is the study of systems in constant motion. is the study of systems in which acceleration is present. Momentum = Study of acceleration is a study of Newton s First Law is the of Newton s Second Law is the of The definition of Kinematics is the description of motion with regards to forces The definition of Kinetics is study of the actions of associated with Principles of Structure and Function The design of a joint is determined by its and the nature of its components Once a joint is constructed, the of the joint will determine its Joints that serve a single function are complex than joints that serve multiple functions Connective tissues are structured to accept and distributed forces specific to the function of a 8

9 Putting it all Together Analyze ( ) Optimize ( ) in order to... Maximize ( ) Minimize ( ) When Analyzing, will look at the kinematics ( ), Linear and Angular Human Movement Kinematics include AND Osteokinematics is. Arthrokinematics is. During analysis will do and quantitatively. To optimize training plan for an individual, must know their capabilities, and needs. Stress is /. are a quantity (number). have a quantity and a direction. is a Vector. 9