Children s health, activities and lifestyles around the world

Transcription

1 Children s health, activities and lifestyles around the world A/Prof Carol Maher National Health and Medical Research Council Career Development Fellow Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA

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3 A/Prof Marie Williams

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5 4487 randomly-selected children aged 2-16 years - 24 h food & beverage recall - BMI and waist circumference - Daily steps - Daily activities (physical activity, screen time, other sedentary time, sleep) - Sociodemographics

6 Prof Tim Olds

7 How do Australian children spend their days? How do their lifestyles differ depending on gender, age, and socioeconomic status? What is the role of physical activity in Australian children s lives? Sedentary time is it all bad? How much are kids getting? How important is kids sleep? How do these lifestyle factors impact overweight and obesity? What about Australian kids fitness?

8 Australian kids physical activity

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11 Sedentary behaviours screen time 26% of 2-4 year olds are meeting the sedentary behaviour screen time guidelines ( 1 hours) 29% of 5-17 year olds are meeting the sedentary behaviour screen time guidelines ( 2 hours) This drops to 14% of year olds meeting guidelines ( 2 hours)

12 Australian kids non-screen sedentary time

13 Australian kids sedentary time SES sex weight status Daily hours 10 total sed 8 6 non-screen *** 4 screen *** 2 very poor poor rich very rich

14 Australian kids sedentary time SES sex weight status Daily hours 10 total sed 8 6 non-screen *** 4 screen *** 2 very poor poor rich very rich

15 Australian kids sedentary time SES sex weight status Daily hours 10 total sed 8 6 *** non-screen *** 4 *** screen *** 2 non-screen screen total very poor poor rich very rich boys girls

16 Australian kids sedentary time SES sex weight status Daily hours 10 total total sed * 8 6 non-screen non-screen *** *** 4 screen *** *** 2 thin normal overweight obese very poor poor rich very rich

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18 Australian kids sleep Girls sleep 7-11 min more than boys Weight status increases as sleep duration decreased (p=0.0012) Strength of the relationship differs by day type: strongest on Sundays.

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20 Australian kids sleep Girls sleep 7-11 min more than boys Weight status increases as sleep duration decreased (p=0.0012) Strength of the relationship differs by day type: strongest on Sundays. Not sig on school days Sleep duration differs based on SES

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22 Australian kids sleep Girls sleep 7-11 min more than boys Weight status increases as sleep duration decreased (p=0.0012) Strength of the relationship differs by day type: strongest on Sundays. Not sig on school days Sleep duration differs based on SES Timing is also important (late vs early pattern)

23 Dollman et al

24 Prevalence (%) OW+OB NT TAS NSW SA QLD WA VIC ACT Year

25 Overweight and obese combined 1985

26 Overweight and obese combined 2012

27 Olds et al

28 Australian kids fitness

29 Tomkinson et al 2003 Sports Med

30 Dollman et al 1999 Pediatr Exerc Sci

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32 World map by research output

33 World map by population

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35 yo children from 12 countries - BMI and waist circumference - 7 day accelerometry - Self-reported diet and screen time - QOL - Individual, family, neighbourhood and school characteristics

36 Prof Peter Katzmarzyk Pennington Biomedical Research Center Louisiana, USA

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38 Physical activity global comparison Daily minutes

39 Sedentary time global comparison Daily hours

40 Sleep time global comparison 9.5 Daily hours

41 Physical activity and obesity

42 Sedentary time and obesity

43 Physical activity and sedentary time and obesity

44 Relationship between SES and body fat by Human Developing Index

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46 Across all countries, positive association between β ilr = 0.10 Quality of life and physical activity

47 β1 ilr MVPA 0.6 United States 0.4 Australia 0.2 Canada 0.0 India Kenya South Africa Colombia China Brazil England Portugal Finland Lowest HDI Highest HDI Quality of life and physical activity

48 Tomkinson & Olds 2007 Med Sport Sci

49 Tomkinson et al 2003 Sports Med

50 The nutrition transition Popkin 1993 The shift in dietary consumption Hunter gatherer famine high fat, cholesterol, sugar, low fat

51 The physical activity transition Technological advances Changes in occupational and leisure activities Changes in the built environment

52 The epidemiological transition Demographic change ( mortality, fertility) Medical change (infectious diseases non-infectious, chronic diseases) 4 th stage lifestyle diseases due to inactivity and poor diet 5 th stage (emerging) behaviour change to prevent/delay lifestyle diseases

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54 Australia s challenge How do we help children behave in a way that is good for their health? Biological vs cultural drivers Population health debate: Government vs individual responsibility Ecological approach (stresses individual responsibility within the context of broader social responsibility Site and delivery mode options

55 School-based programs

56 Community-based programs

57 Family level programs

58 Individual/social group level

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60 Thank you discussion time