Design and Development of the Fitness Exercise Promotion System Based on the Internet of Things

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1 Design and Development of the Fitness Exercise Promotion System Based on the Internet of Things Abstract JianPing Guo College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha , China In recent years, the Internet of things has been developed rapidly in various fields, which has greatly improved people's living standards, and people's pursuit of health is getting higher and higher. Nowadays, the concept of fitness exercise has been widely accepted. The organic combination of the Internet of things and the traditional fitness sports equipment can provide scientific guidance and management for people's fitness exercise, and greatly promote the scientificity and interactive entertainment of indoor fitness exercise, which also brings great changes to the traditional pattern of exercise. In view of the problem of exercise persistence, this paper proposes a fitness exercise promotion system based on the Internet of things, which fully combines the wireless sensor network and the traditional fitness equipment, and use the intelligent terminal and exercise equipment for intelligent connection, identification and information service, significantly enhancing people's interactive exercises and personalized fitness exercises. Keywords: Internet of Things, Fitness Exercise, Promotion System, Design. 1. RESEARCH BACKGROUND 1.1 Research Overview The rapid economic growth in China has brought about a significant improvement in people's material living standards, which also makes people pay more and more attention to health. Fitness exercise not only improves the quality of life, but also plays a great role in promoting the mental health of people. Due to the increasingly serious air pollution in recent years, the traditional way of outdoor exercise is no longer good for people's physical health but brings harm to their health, especially for the elderly, as outdoor exercises will bring a great threat to the health of them due to their aging somatic functions (Geng et al., 2016). As a result, more and more people are moving from outdoor sports to indoor sports. The goal of indoor exercises is not only to strengthen physical fitness, but also to promote people's physical and mental health. Fitness exercises can make people feel happy, so as to go back to learning and work more efficiently; especially for the elderly, indoor fitness exercises can enhance their resistance, alleviate their psychological pressure, and enrich their life (Bai and Zhang, 2017). However, although people is becoming more and more interested in indoor fitness exercises, only a few of them can insist in the exercise, and most of them just fall by the wayside, which has become a widespread problem of persistence. There are two reasons for this phenomenon: first, the process of the exercise is boring and dull; second, the exercise is lack of pertinence, scientificity and individuality, which seriously affect people's enthusiasm and undermine the persistence of fitness exercises. The emergence of the Internet of things has created good technical conditions for solving this problem, and the combination of the Internet of things and the traditional fitness exercise products can provide intelligent connection, identification and information service in the exercise and offer scientific guidance and management for people's personalized fitness exercises (Zang, 2016). It can be seen that the design and development of a fitness exercise promotion system based on the Internet of things is of great importance and high commercial value. 1.2 Research Purposes The aim of this study was to develop a fitness exercise promotion system based on the Internet of things to solve the problem of the persistence of the traditional indoor exercises, change the dull indoor exercise process, improve the enjoyment, scientificity and pertinence of the exercise, satisfy people's demands of personalized fitness exercises, enhance people's physique and health, and promote people's physical and mental health 208

2 development. To this end, this paper discussed the concept and architecture of the Internet of things, specified the key technology of the Internet of things, and designed the layered architecture of the ITIHP system based on the demand analysis of fitness exercises, and expounded the architecture and its characteristics; it also developed and designed the fitness exercise promotion system of the Internet of things based on the ITIHP system architecture, and discussed specifically the design and development of the layered architecture of ITIHP. 2. OVERVIEW OF THE INTERNET OF THINGS 2.1 Concept and Architecture of The Internet of Things The concept of Internet of things is derived from the RFID radio frequency identification devices (RFID) system at the end of the last century, which can make people obtain any information of any object through the Internet, so as to realize the intelligent recognition and management of objects. The concept of Internet of things was formally confirmed in It refers to a kind of intelligent network which uses sensing devices and information identification technology to connect the Internet and all things according to the stipulated agreement to implement the communication and exchange of information, so as to identify, control, track and manage information. The system structure of Internet of things that has been recognized currently is the USN five-layered structure, which divides the Internet of things into five layers: sensor network, basic backbone network, access network, application platform and middleware. 2.2 Key Technologies for Internet of Things Due to the different application requirements and technical forms of the Internet of things in various fields, there is a big difference in key technologies. According to the arrangement and summary of the key technology of the Internet of things by the USN system structure, the key technology of the Internet of things can be identified and divided into processing and application technology, transmission and network technology, sensing and labeling technology, and decision and supporting technology (Shi, 2015). The key technologies of these four categories mainly include sensor technology, short distance wireless communication technology, big data and cloud computing technology and expert system. 3. ITIHP DESIGN 3.1 Demand Analysis The basic purpose of this article is for the sake of effectively solving the problem of persistence of indoor fitness exercises, which is caused by two reasons: one is the boring process of fitness exercise, the other one is the lack of fitness exercise promotion system (Ping et al., 2015). Therefore, the design demand of ITIHP should be focused on the scientific validity and interactive enjoyment of fitness exercises. For scientific validity, on the one hand, ITIHP architecture can establish the cloud database to store users' exercise data and use the fitness exercise management system to realize the analysis of exercise data and develop targeted personalized exercise plan, and on the other hand, it can take advantage of the smart TV to provide scientific guidance to user's fitness exercises. For interactive enjoyment, ITIHP can combine the game with the exercise to form an interactive exercise mode to change the boring and dull exercise process (Bao et al., 2014). In ITIHP organization architecture, bluetooth can be used to achieve the communication connection of fitness equipment and the smart TV, and the exercise data is transmitted to the smart TV through the fitness equipment and conveyed to the cloud database for storage through data relay unit; the fitness exercise management system and the cloud database realize the data analysis and processing through data interface and use the health experts to develop personalized fitness exercise schemes (Zhang et al., 2014). Users can get access to the data and schemes through phones or web terminals; mobile terminal can be connected to the fitness exercise management system through WiFi, so as to enable the mobile phones to control the TV through the application of multi-screen interaction and realize very interesting gravity sensor games. 3.2 Itihp Architecture and Its Characteristics Based on the analysis of the demand for ITIHP, the USN Internet of things system architecture is integrated into ITIHP to form a three-layered architecture, from top to bottom: application layer, data layer, and things united layer (Yang and Zhang, 2014). Figure 1 shows the ITIHP architecture. 209

3 Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of ITIHP Architecture In the ITIHP architecture, the application layer is mainly composed of three parts of contents: multi-screen interaction, interactive exercise application and fitness exercise management system. Multi-screen interaction can realize the interaction between the phone and the smart TV, so as to enable the phone to control the smart TV or achieve multi-screen interactive motion sensing game. Interactive exercise application is composed of fitness guidance application and interactive games; the former can provide scientific real-time guidance for users, and can formulate personalized fitness exercise scheme conforming to the users according to the cloud database data analysis, and the latter can improve the enjoyment of the fitness mode. The fitness exercise management system consists of the mobile phone terminal and the Web terminal, which can display and manage the users' exercise data and assist the fitness experts to carry out the fitness exercise guidance. The data layer belongs to middleware in ITIHP architecture, which can receive, store and display data transmitted over the Internet of things. It is composed of cloud database and data transfer components (Sun and Li, 2014). The layer of Internet of things belongs to the sensor network of the ITIHP architecture and is the core part of the fitness exercise promotion system. It integrates various intelligent systems of fitness equipment can realize intelligent connection and sensor ability of traditional fitness equipment, so as to collect the exercise data of the user and realize the communication between the intelligent terminal and the fitness equipment by the layer of Internet of things (Jiang et al., 2014). The ITIHP architecture has the following characteristics: 1. it integrates the USN architecture of Internet of things, whose layers have good loose coupling feature, clear functions and distinct layer and logic; 2. it realizes the wireless connection by bluetooth, whose transmission speed is fast; 3. it stores data through cloud database to give full play to the advantage of the database and enables the ITIHP architecture to present its good expansibility, which can meet the demand for mass storage of non-structural data; 4. it realizes the development and design of fitness guidance application and interactive game application through the Android platform, significantly enhancing its degree of freedom and application scope; 5. the development of a large amount of APPs enriches the interactive application of ITIHP; 6. it integrates the multi-screen application, providing good interactive enjoyment and promoting the experience of users; 7.the fitness exercise management of ITIHP architecture is developed based on the cloud database, which facilitates the efficient management and presentation of the exercise data of users. 4. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FITNESS EXERCISE PROMOTION SYSTEM BASED ON THE INTERNET OF THINGS In order to further elaborate the design and development of the fitness exercise promotion system based on the Internet of things, this paper discusses the design of Spinning bicycle as a design example. 4.1 Design and Development of The Layer of Internet of Things of ITIHP The Spinning bicycle Internet of things fitness exercise promotion system adopts the above-mentioned ITIHP architecture, which connects the intelligent detection device of the Spinning bicycle and the smart TV with HDMI interface. The intelligent detection device mainly includes the following functions: heart rate detection, speed test, temperature and humidity test, pressure control, buttons control, wireless connection and data display, composed of each test module, bluetooth module and the main controller (Zhou et al., 2014). Figure 2 shows the schematic diagram of the intelligent detection device for intelligent bicycle. 210

4 Figure 2. Schematic Diagram of Intelligent Detection Device In the intelligent detection device, the main controller is of the Arduino Nano3.0 type, the heart rate detector is of hand-held type, whose test of the heart rate is based on the calculation error and the comprehensive heart rate update rate; the user's heart rate is tested every 8 signals to realize the real-time detection of the users' heart rate (Wang et al., 2013). The sensor type used in velocity detection is Hall sensor, which converts the output signal into a rectangular pulse signal based on the Hall Effect. The formula of movement velocity is K = 2 π R T, where K represents the movement velocity, R represents the radius of the wheel of the Spinning bicycle, and T represents the time interval generated from the two falling edges; the movement detection function tests the velocity for each time interval of five signal falling edges, so as to realize the real-time detection of the users' movement velocity. The temperature and humidity detection uses DHT21 temperature and humidity sensor, which is composed of a single high-performance 8-bit microcontroller and NTC thermometer element and capacitive moisture element composition; the DHT21 temperature and humidity sensor which uses the monobus serial interface is connected to the main controller. The pressure sensor adopted for the pressure detection is BMP085, which is produced by BOSCH and can realize the real-time detection of atmospheric pressure in the sports environment. BMP085 pressure sensor includes AD conversion module, resistive pressure sensor and control module, which includes I2C interface and E2PROM; the I2C interface can communicate with the microcontroller and the E2PROM includes 11 temperature compensation coefficients. The I2C bus of the BMP085 pressure sensor is connected to Nano3.0 of the main controller; the Nano3.0 A5 and A4 pins are respectively connected to the serial bracelet cable and the serial data cable interfaces. In order to quantify the exercise effect, it is necessary to establish the computation model of energy consumption, which is determined by the metabolic equivalent and basal metabolism quantity; the basal metabolism quantity is the energy consumption in the course of activity supporting the most basic life, and is expressed as BMR; the BMR calculation model is set up according to gender, namely: BMR(male)=13.7 Z+5.0 S-6.8 M+66 (1) BMR(female)=9.6 Z+1.8 S-4.7 M+65 (2) where, Z represents weight, in kilograms; S represents height, in centimeter; and M represents age. Metabolic equivalent is the ratio of metabolic rate of human body in movement and in stillness, expressed in METs; according to scientific statistics, 1METs=3.5ml oxygenic exercise intensity, equivalent to per kilogram per minute. The value of METs is related to exercise intensity. According to the explicit regulation of the relationship between METs value and exercise intensity made by US Centers for Disease Control, when human body is in low-intensity movement, the metabolic equivalent is not larger than 3METs; when it is in medium-intensity movement, the metabolic equivalent is between 3METs and 6METs; when it is in high-intensity movement, the metabolic equivalent is not less than 6METs (Zhang and Ren, 2013). According to the above relations, the calculation formula of the velocity of movement K and METs of Spinning bicycle can be obtained, namely, K = v ; the velocity of movement K is in km per hour, and the energy consumption 3 calculation formula can be thus deduced, namely, S=B+v/3 T W , where the unit of calorie is kilocalorie, expressed in S, the basal metabolism is expressed as B, the exercise span is in T, and the weight is in W. 211

5 4.2 Design and Development of The Layer of Data of ITIHP The ITIHP data layer includes two parts: cloud database and data relay unit; the design principle of the former includes the ACID database table design principle and interface design principle; the database adopts Bmob, the access adopts RestAPI, and format is JSON, and the access protocol is HTTP. The data relay unit is in Android application form, and its design programs mainly include bluetooth thread module, data sharing module, bluetooth connection module and view module. In the Android system, the inter-process communication mode is Content Provider and AIDL language is adopted for the development. 4.3 Design and Development of The Layer of Application of ITIHP In the layer of application of ITIHP, there are three important components: fitness management system, interactive exercise application and multi-screen application. The data interface providing mode is by Content Provider and the data middleware, and the provided data types include button control command, heart rate and speed (Li et al., 2016). The multi-screen interactive application is connected to the smart TV via HDMI interface; the multi-screen interactive norm is UPnp protocol, which is the basic framework of TCP/IP protocol and is able to find and control devices; the UPnp protocol mainly includes three parts: control point, device and service. The design of architecture of the Web terminal of the fitness management system is developed through the ExtJs framework, and the development of the mobile phone terminal is realized through the development of five functional modules: exercise record, exercise course, login, expert guidance, and application initiation. 5. CONCLUSIONS To sum up, the elaboration of the design and development of the fitness exercise promotion system based on the Internet of things can effectively solve the problem of persistence of fitness exercise, improve the boring status and the lack of scientificity of indoor fitness exercises, so as to facilitate the formulation of scientific fitness exercise scheme through the application of this system and realize exercises of enjoyment to achieve the goal of enhancing the physique and improving the health of body and mind. REFERENCES Bai W., Zhang F.L. (2017). Design of health warning Bracelet system for the elderly based on Internet of things, Value engineering, 36 (3), Bao J, Ke Z P, Wei G. (2014). Research on community health management model based on Internet of things, Journal of medical informatics, 35 (1), Geng R., Ruan A.M., Shen P.Y., Shou W.J., Ban L.J., Lu N.J., Li R.F. (2016). The wisdom of health care service platform based on Internet of things, The wisdom of health, 2 (10), Jiang Y.Y., Hu X.H., Zhou X. (2014). Health management service mode based on Internet of things, The Chinese Journal of Medical Library and information science, 23 (7), Li F.W., Jiang R.L., Wang J.L., Zhang X.L. (2016). The national physical fitness test mode networking architecture, Journal of sports adult education, 32 (3), Ping J., Xiao Y., Zhou C.L., Li S. (2015). Construction and validation of the scientific fitness guidance model based on the Internet of things, Journal of Shanghai Institute of Physical Education, 39 (6), Shi J.W. (2015). The research on network architecture of intelligent health, Chinese high-tech enterprises, (35), 7-8. Sun Y.M., Li Y.H. (2014). Current situation and development trend of sports and health management software, Contemporary sports science and technology, 4 (10), Wang X.C., Wu Z.K., Zhou M.Q., Luo Y.L., Shui W.Y., Liu X.Y. (2013). Research on Key Technologies of segmentation and reconstruction for cerebral vascular networking electronic health platform, Journal of computer research and development, 50 (6), Yang S.Y., Zhang H.M. (2014). Research on the development of school sports informatization based on the Internet of things, Heilongjiang higher education research, (4), Zang S.M. (2016). Less sensitive to establish "health" concept, enrich the connotation of health management, Aging research, 4 (10), 3-8. Zhang F., Wen H.T., Huang Z.H., Zhong W.Y. (2015). Human cloud health monitoring and early warning system based on Internet of things technology, Computer measurement and control, 23 (6), Zhang M., Ren S.M. (2013). Research on system architecture of health Internet of things, Journal of Jining Medical University, 36 (5),

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