Index. Infect Dis Clin N Am 21 (2007) Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

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1 Infect Dis Clin N Am 21 (2007) Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abscess(es) epidural, subdural empyema and, periotonsillar, microbiologic investigations for, 298 Aciduricity, dental decay and, Actinomycosis cervical, See also Cervical actinomycosis. described, Acute otitis media (AOM), antimicrobial therapy for, 380 defined, definitions associated with, described, diagnosis of, lack of clarity impact on, signs and symptoms of, treatment of, antimicrobial therapy in, goals of, clinical trials in, interpreting meta-analyses of, 418 noninferiority trials in, vagrancy of, placebo-controlled trials in, need for, 421 Adenovirus, pharyngitis due to, 463 Aerobic bacteria, in head and neck agents, Aminoglycoside(s), for head and neck infections, Anaerobe(s), in chronic sinusitis, Anaerobic bacteria, in head and neck agents, Aneurysm(s), arterial, infection-associated, of head and neck, Antimicrobial agents for bacterial sinusitis acute, chronic, for head and neck infections, AOM, goals of, Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, for head and neck infections, Antimicrobial therapy, for head and neck infections, aminoglycosides, AOM, 380 bacteria resistant to, carbapenems, 370 cephalosporins, cervical lymphadenitis, chronic otitis media, clindamycin, 372 concentration-dependent killing of agents, 363 daptomycin, 377 deep neck infections, 384 dental infections, duration of therapy, 361 failure of, reasons for, 361 fluoroquinolones, gingivitis, glycopeptides, 376 infected branchial cleft cysts, 386 infected thyroglossal duct, 386 initial selection of, ß-lactams, linezolid, macrolides, mastoiditis, 381 metronidazole, 372 monobactams, 371 parotitis, penicillins, periodontitis, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic breakpoints in, antimicrobial activity according to, /07/$ - see front matter Ó 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi: /s (07) id.theclinics.com

2 592 INDEX Antimicrobial (continued ) pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic considerations in, pharyngotonsillitis, principles of, prolonged persistent effects of, 363 quinupristin/dalfopristin, rifamycin, sialenitis, sinusitis acute, chronic, 382 sulfonamides, 374 suppurative thyroiditis, 385 tetracyclines, time-dependent killing of agents, trimethoprim, 374 types of, wound infections complicating surgery, 386 AOM. See Acute otitis media (AOM). Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, pharyngitis due to, 457 Arterial aneurysm(s), infection-associated, of head and neck, Auditory canal, external, imaging studies of, B Bacillus(i) gram-negative, in oral flora, gram-positive, in oral flora, 271 Bacteremic periorbital cellulitis, Bacteria aerobic, in head and neck infections, resistance to antimicrobial agents, anaerobic, in head and neck infections, resistance to antimicrobial agents, beta-lactamase producing, in bacterial sinusitis management, Bacterial infections, pharyngitis due to, See also Pharyngitis, bacterial infections and. Bacterial sinusitis, acute management of, antimicrobial therapy in, microbiology of, anatomic considerations in, chronic acute exacerbation of, 435 anaerobes in, management of, antimicrobial therapy in, microbiology of, 432 clinical presentation of, diagnosis of, management of, adjuvant therapies in, 443 beta-lactamase producing bacteria in, complications of, surgical, 443 pathogenesis of, upper respiratory flora and, dynamics of, Beta-lactamase producing bacteria, in bacterial sinusitis management, Blepharitis, microbiologic investigations for, 294 Bone(s), temporal, imaging studies of, Branchial cleft cysts, 536 infected, antimicrobial therapy for, 386 C Cancer patients, mucositis in, See also Mucositis, in cancer patient and immunosuppressed host. Carbapenem(s), for head and neck infections, 370 Carotid erosion, Cellulitis orbital, microbiologic investigations for, 295 periorbital bacteremic, preseptal, inflammatory edema of sinusitis and, preseptal after trauma, microbiologic investigations for, 295 Cephalosporin(s), for head and neck infections, Cervical actinomycosis, clinical manifestations of, described, 543 diagnosis of, epidemiology of, microbiology of, pathogenesis of, 545

3 INDEX 593 pathology of, prevention of, treatment of, 549 Cervical lymphadenitis, 538 antimicrobial therapy for, causes of, clinical manifestations of, 526 described, 523 differential diagnosis of, pathophysiology of, 524 prevention of, treatment of, Cervical lymphadenopathy, imaging studies of, Chalazion, Chorioretinitis, microbiologic investigations for, 295 Clindamycin, for head and neck infections, 372 Coccus(i) gram-negative, in oral flora, 271 gram-positive, in oral flora, Conjunctivitis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, pharyngitis due to, Coxsackie virus, pharyngitis due to, Cyst(s) branchial cleft, 536 infected, antimicrobial therapy for, 386 dermoid, 536 epidermoid, 536 infected, branchial cleft cysts, 536 causes of, 537 clinical presentation of, 537 cystic hygroma, 537 dermoid cysts, 536 diagnosis of, 538 epidermoid cysts, 536 laryngocele, management of, 538 pathogenesis of, 537 thyroglossal duct cysts, 536 D Dacryoadenitis, Dacryocystitis, Daptomycin, for head and neck infections, 377 Deep fascial space, infections of, 300 Deep neck infections, antimicrobial therapy for, 384 Dental caries, Dental decay, aciduricity and, described, extracellular polysaccharide formation and, 482 fluoride effect on, intracellular polysaccharide formation and, microbiologic diagnosis of, 484 pathogenesis of, prevention of, sorbitol/mannitol fermentation and, sucrose in diet and, treatment of, interference with transmission from mother to infant, sucrose substitutes in, 486 Dental infections antimicrobial therapy for, medical conditions and, mechanisms linking, medical implications of, Dermoid cysts, 536 E Ear(s) external, normal flora on, 275 middle, imaging studies of, Empyema, subdural, epidural abscess and, Endophthalmitis, microbiologic investigations for, 295 Epidermoid cysts, 536 Epidural abscess, subdural empyema and, Epiglottitis, External auditory canal, imaging studies of,

4 594 INDEX Eye(s), external areas of, normal flora on, 275 F Fasciitis, necrotizing imaging studies of, Flora normal acquisition of, within oral cavity, distribution of, oral, composition of, upper respiratory, dynamics of, Fluoride effect, dental decay and, Fluoroquinolone(s), for head and neck infections, G Gingival crevice, normal flora on, Gingivitis, 489 antimicrobial therapy for, prevention of, treatment of, Glycopeptide(s), for head and neck infections, 376 Gram-negative bacilli, in oral flora, Gram-negative cocci, in oral flora, 271 Gram-positive bacilli, in oral flora, 271 Gram-positive cocci, in oral flora, Group A streptococci, pharyngitis due to, See also Pharyngitis, bacterial infections and, group A streptococci. H Haemophilus influenzae, in head and neck agents, 358 Head and neck aerobic bacteria in, resistance to antimicrobial agents, anaerobic bacteria in, resistance to antimicrobial agents, innate immunity of, endogenous microflora and, See also Microflora, endogenous, innate immunity of head and neck and. peripharyngeal and deep fascial spaces of, life-threatening infections of, See also specific site and infections, e.g., Submandibular space, infections of. lateral pharyngeal potential space, retropharyngeal, prevertebral, and danger space, submandibular space, Head and neck infections antimicrobial agents. See also Antimicrobial agents, for head and neck infections. antimicrobial agents for, diagnostic issues in, imaging studies related, 307 imaging studies for, See also Imaging studies, for head and neck infections actinomycosis, 299 antimicrobial susceptibility testing, blepharitis, 294 cervical lymphadenitis, chorioretinitis, 295 culture, dacryocystitis, 294 deep fascial space infections, 300 direct detection of microbial antigens, direct smears, endophthalmitis, 295 epiglottitis, 298 histopathologic examination, 289 keratitis, 294 Lemierre s disease, 300 mandibular osteomyelitis, 299 molecular techniques, mucositis, necrotizing fasciitis, 300 normal flora vs. true pathogen, ocular infections, orbital cellulitis, 295 oropharyngeal infections, otitis externa, otitis media, 296 peritonsillar abscess, 298 preseptal cellulitis, 295 serology, 289 sinusitis acute, chronic, 297 specimen collection, stomatitis, tonsillopharyngitis,

5 vascular and parameningeal infections, See also specific infections. infection-associated arterial aneurysms and carotid erosion, intracranial septic venous thrombosis, septic internal jugular vein thrombosis, subdural empyema and epidural abscess, Herpes simplex virus (HSV), pharyngitis due to, 464 HIV infection. See Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Hordeolum, HSV. See Herpes simplex virus (HSV). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, pharyngitis due to, Hygroma(s), cystic, 537 I Imaging studies, for head and neck infections, cervical lymphadenopathy, diagnostic issues, 307 external auditory canal, intracranial suppuration, labyrinth, mastoid, middle ear, neck space infections, necrotizing fasciitis, oral cavity, orbits, paranasal sinuses, parapharyngeal space, petrous apex, 339 pharyngeal space, prevertebral space, retropharyngeal space, salivary glands, techniques, described, temporal bones, visceral space, 320 Immunity innate, of head and neck, endogenous microflora and, See also Microflora, endogenous, innate immunity of head and neck and. mucosal, of head and neck, microflora and, INDEX 595 Immunocompromised hosts, sinusitis in, 436 Immunosuppressed hosts, mucositis in, See also Mucositis, in cancer patient and immunosuppressed host. Infection(s) arterial aneurysm related, of head and neck, dental medical conditions and, mechanisms linking, medical implications of, of head and neck, microbiologic investigations for, See also Head and neck infections, microbiologic investigations for. orbital, oropharyngeal, microbiologic investigations for, periorbital, Infectious mononucleosis, pharyngitis due to, Intracranial septic venous thrombosis, Intracranial suppuration, imaging studies of, K Keratitis, 294 L Labyrinth, imaging studies of, ß-Lactam(s), for head and neck infections, Laryngocele(s), Lateral pharyngeal potential space, infections of, anatomy of, clinical manifestations of, 567 complications of, 568 management of, pathogenesis of, Lemierre s disease, microbiologic investigations for, 300 Life-threatening infections, of head and neck, See also Head and neck, peripharyngeal and deep fascial spaces of, life-threatening infections of.

6 596 INDEX Linezolid, for head and neck infections, Lymphadenitis, cervical, 538. See also Cervical lymphadenitis. Lymphadenopathy, cervical, imaging studies of, M Macrolide(s), for head and neck infections, Mandibular osteomyelitis, clinical manifestations of, 551 described, 550 diagnosis of, , pathogenesis of, 550 treatment of, Mastoid, imaging studies of, Mastoiditis, antimicrobial therapy for, 381 Metronidazole, for head and neck infections, 372 Microflora endogenous, innate immunity of head and neck and, See also Flora. alterations related to age and underlying disease, in nares, mucosal immunity, indigenous, Middle ear, imaging studies of, Monobactam(s), for head and neck infections, 371 Mononucleosis, infectious, pharyngitis due to, Moraxella catarrhalis, in head and neck agents, Mucosal immunity, of head and neck, microflora and, Mucositis in cancer patient and immunosuppressed host, clinical manifestations of, management of, pathogenesis of, prevention of, risk factors for, oropharyngeal, clinical manifestations of, N Nares, normal flora in, Nasopharynx, normal flora in, Neck space infections, imaging studies of, Necrotizing fasciitis imaging studies of, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, pharyngitis due to, Nosocomial sinusitis, O Ocular infections, microbiologic investigations for, Oral cavity imaging studies of, normal flora in, distribution of, Orbit(s), imaging studies of, Orbital cellulitis, microbiologic investigations for, 295 Orbital infections, Oropharyngeal infections, microbiologic investigations for, Oropharynx, normal flora in, 273 Osteomyelitis, mandibular, See also Mandibular osteomyelitis. Otitis externa, microbiologic investigations for, Otitis media acute, See also Acute otitis media (AOM). chronic, antimicrobial therapy for, P Parameningeal infections, of head and neck, See also specific infections. Paranasal sinuses, imaging studies of,

7 INDEX 597 Parapharyngeal space, imaging studies of, Parotitis antimicrobial therapy for, suppurative, See also Suppurative parotitis. Penicillin(s), for head and neck infections, Periodontal disease, , causes of, described, 488 gingivitis and, 489 microbiologic diagnosis of, pathogenesis of, periodontitis and, prevention of, treatment of, Periodontitis, antimicrobial therapy for, prevention of, treatment of, Periorbital cellulitis bacteremic, preseptal, inflammatory edema of sinusitis and, Periorbital infections, pathogenesis of, Peritonsillar abscess, microbiologic investigations for, 298 Petrous apex, imaging studies of, 339 Pharyngeal space, imaging studies of, Pharyngitis, bacterial infections and, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, 457 atypical, 460 Corynebacterium diphtheriae, group A streptococci, antimicrobial therapy for, clinical manifestations of, diagnosis of, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, causes of, epidemiology of, treatment of, symptomatic, viral infections and, adenovirus, 463 coxsackie virus, HIV infection, HSV, 464 infectious mononucleosis, Pharyngotonsillitis, antimicrobial therapy for, Plaque control, myth of, Preseptal cellulitis after trauma, Preseptal infections, chalazion, conjunctivitis, dacryoadenitis, dacryocystitis, hordeolum, periorbital cellulitis bacteremic, preseptal, inflammatory edema of sinusitis and, preseptal cellulitis after trauma, Prevertebral space, imaging studies of, Q Quinupristin/dalfopristin, for head and neck infections, R Retropharyngeal, prevertebral, and danger space, infections of, anatomy of, clinical manifestations of, 571 complications of, management of, pathogenesis of, Retropharyngeal space, imaging studies of, Rifamycin, for head and neck infections, S Saliva, normal flora in, 272 Salivary glands, imaging studies of, Septic internal jugular vein thrombosis, Sialadenitis, acute, imaging studies of, Sialenitis, antimicrobial therapy for, Sialolithiasis, imaging studies of,

8 598 INDEX Sinus(es), paranasal, imaging studies of, Sinusitis acute antimicrobial therapy for, defined, recurrent, defined, 427 bacterial, See also Bacterial sinusitis. chronic acute exacerbation of, defined, 427 antimicrobial therapy for, 382 defined, classification of, 427 defined, 427 in immunocompromised host, 436 inflammatory edema of, preseptal periorbital cellulitis due to, nosocomial, of odontogenic origin, 437 subacute, defined, 427 Sorbitol/mannitol fermentation, dental decay and, Specific-plaque hypothesis, 477 Spirochete(s), in oral flora, Stomatitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, in head and neck agents, Subdural empyema, epidural abscess and, Submandibular space, infections of, anatomy of, clinical manifestations of, complications of, management of, pathogenesis of, Sucrose, dental decay and, Sulfonamide(s), for head and neck infections, 374 Suppurative parotitis, causes of, clinical manifestations of, described, 528 differential diagnosis of, pathophysiology of, 528 prevention of, 531 treatment of, 531 Suppurative thyroiditis, antimicrobial therapy for, 385 T Teeth, missing, 475 Temporal bones, imaging studies of, Tetracycline(s), for head and neck infections, Thrombosis(es), venous intracranial septic, septic internal jugular, Thyroglossal duct(s), infected, antimicrobial therapy for, 386 Thyroglossal duct cysts, 536 Thyroiditis, causes of, 532 clinical manifestations of, described, diagnosis of, management of, pathogenesis of, 532 risk factors for, 532 suppurative, antimicrobial therapy for, 385 Tongue, normal flora on, 272 Tonsillopharyngitis, microbiologic investigations for, Tooth surface, normal flora on, Trauma, preseptal cellulitis after, Trimethoprim, for head and neck infections, 374 U Upper respiratory flora, dynamics of, V Vascular infections, of head and neck, See also specific infections. Venous thrombosis intracranial septic, septic internal jugular,

9 INDEX 599 Viral infections, pharyngitis due to, See also Pharyngitis, viral infections and. Visceral space, imaging studies of, 320 W Wound infections, of head and neck, surgery complicated by, antimicrobial therapy for, 386