Topic list for Pathophysiology exam Faculty of Medicine 2018/2019

Transcription

1 UNIVERSITY OF SZEGED FACULTY OF MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Chairman: Prof.Dr.Szabó Gyula H-Szeged, Semmelweis u. 1., Pf. 427., 6701, Hungary Tel: , fax web: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TOPIC LIST 1 ST (FALL) SEMESTER 1. Inflammation: definition, development, phases & major features of acute inflammation 2. Characterization of plasma derived inflammatory mediators 3. Characterization of cell derived inflammatory mediators 4. Characterization of cellular elements in inflammation; pathophysiological significance 5. Regulation and outcome of the acute inflammatory response 6. Disturbances of phagocyte and complement system 7. Pathomechanism of chronic inflammation 8. Systemic effects of inflammation; inflammatory pain 9. Pathophysiological significance of non-specific and specific defense system 10. Pathogenesis and consequences of type I hypersensitivity reaction 11. Pathogenesis and consequences of type II hypersensitivity reaction 12. Pathogenesis and consequences of type III hypersensitivity reaction 13. Pathogenesis and consequences of type IV hypersensitivity reaction 14. Pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases: antibody mediated diseases and characterization 15. Pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases: T-cell mediated diseases and characterization 16. Pathogenesis of combined immunodeficiencies 17. Pathogenesis of primary antibody deficiencies 18. Pathogenesis of secondary immunodeficiency 19. Pathogenesis of pituitary hyperfunction: hyperprolactinemia 20. Pathogenesis and forms of hypopituitarism 21. Alterations of growth in child- and adulthood; adult GH deficiency 22. Pathogenesis of thyrotoxicosis 23. Pathogenesis of hypothyroidism; development of goiter 24. Pathogenesis and consequences of acute and chronic hypoadrenalisms 25. Pathogenesis and consequences of hyperadrenalisms: Cushing s syndrome, aldosteronism and adrenogenital syndromes 26. Pathogenesis and consequences of paraganglial tumors 27. Disorders of menstrual cycle 28. Female reproductive tract disorders; chronic anovulations 29. Disorders of androgen metabolism and testicular dysfunction; male infertility 30. Disturbances of estrogen metabolism in males 31. Pathophysiological aspects of the posterior pituitary gland - 1-

2 32. Pathogenesis and consequences of hypercalcemia 33. Pathogenesis and consequences of hypocalcemia 34. Pathomechanism of hyper- and hypoparathyroidism 35. Regulation of body weight regulation and energy homeostasis; definition of obesity 36. Pathogenesis, types and consequences of obesity 37. Pathogenesis of malnutrition, protein-energy malnutrition and starvation 38. Definition and diagnostic criteria of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus; classification of diabetes mellitus 39. Pathomechanism, forms and consequences of type 1 diabetes mellitus 40. Pathomechanism and consequences of type 2 diabetes mellitus 41. Pathomechanism of insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome 42. Pathomechanism, forms and pathobiochemistry of microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus 43. Pathomechanism of macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus 44. Pathomechanism of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state 45. Pathogenesis and classifications of hypoglycemia 46. Pathogenesis of hypercholesterolemia 47. Pathogenesis of hypertriglyceridemia 48. Pathogenesis of mixed hyperlipidemia 49. Forms of arteriosclerosis; pathogenesis of atherosclerosis 50. Risk factors and complications of atherosclerosis 51. Pathogenesis and types of angina pectoris 52. Pathogenesis and types acute coronary syndrome 53. Pathogenesis, classifications, consequences, and laboratory diagnosis of myocardial infarction 54. Changes in blood pressure during lifetime; definition of arterial hypertension in adult and childhood 55. Pathogenesis and consequences of essential (primary or idiopathic) hypertension 56. Pathogenesis and consequences of secondary hypertensions 57. Complications of hypertension; hypertensive crises and consequences 58. Definition and characterization of cyanosis 59. Adaptation to and compensation of reduced cardiac contractility; cardiac hypertrophy 60. Acyanotic congenital heart diseases: pathogenesis and consequences 61. Cyanotic congenital heart diseases: pathogenesis and consequences 62. Definition and consequences of acute rheumatic fever 63. Pathomechanism of aortic stenosis and regurgitation (acute, chronic) 64. Pathomechanism of mitral stenosis and regurgitation (acute, chronic) 65. Definition, types and development of heart failure 66. Adaptive and maladaptive changes in heart failure 67. Pathophysiology of symptoms and signs in heart failure 68. Acute heart failure: definition, forms and pathogenesis 69. Sodium balance disorders: forms and development of hypervolemia 70. Development, forms and pathogenesis of edema 71. Characterization of the major forms of edemas: heart failure, edema in liver- and kidney disease & pregnancy - 2-

3 72. Sodium balance disorders: forms and development of hypovolemia 73. Pathogenetic classification and main features of circulatory shock 74. Stages and compensatory mechanisms of circulatory shock 75. Progressive and irreversible shock 76. Anti-inflammatory and metabolic dysfunctions in shock 77. Molecular, cellular and systemic changes in shock: DIC and shock 78. Complications of shock, pathophysiological features 79. Causes and characterization of hypovolemic shock 80. Causes and characterization of cardiogenic shock 81. Causes and characterization of obstructive shock 82. Causes and characterization of distributive shock; septic shock and vasodilatory shock 83. Definition, forms of hypotension and syncope: reflex-mediated syncope 84. Definition, forms of hypotension and syncope: cardiovascular and orthostatic syncope HIGHLIGHTS OF ECG (FOR DETAILS SEE YOUR LECTURE NOTES) ECG registration techniques Changes of waves under normal and pathological conditions Determination of electrical axis How to analyze an ECG? Practical use of ECG in everyday practice; ECG reference ranges Classification of arrhythmias: development and mechanism Classification of arrhythmias: the site of origin of arrhythmia A-V blocks Bundle branch blocks Premature beats Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias Ventricular tachyarrhythmias ECG signs of myocardial ischemia and injury ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes ECG signs of myocardial infarction ECG signs of atrial strain and ventricular hypertrophy ECG signs of major electrolyte disorders - 3-

4 2 ND (SPRING) SEMESTER 85. Pathogenesis of fever, types and effects of fever 86. Pathogenesis and forms of hypothermia 87. Pathogenesis and forms of hyperthermia 88. Characterization and detection of proteinuria 89. Characterization and detection of leukocyturia and bacteriuria 90. Characterization and detection of hematuria, hemoglobinuria 91. Characterization and detection of glucosuria and ketonuria 92. Detection of UBG and bilirubin in urine and its pathophysiological significance 93. Characterization and pathological changes of urine sediment 94. Pathogenesis and consequences of kidney stone formation 95. Characterization of oliguria, anuria, polyuria, azotemia and uremia 96. Acute kidney injury: pre- and post-renal forms; pathogenesis and consequences 97. Acute kidney injuries affecting the renal parenchyma; pathogenesis and consequences 98. Pathomechanism of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis 99. Characterization of glomerular diseases based on immune mechanisms 100. Pathogenesis and consequences of nephrotic syndrome 101. Characterization of disorders with nephrotic syndrome 102. Pathogenesis, disorders and consequences of acute nephritic syndrome 103. Pathogenesis and consequences of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and asymptomatic hematuria and/or proteinuria 104. Pathogenesis and consequences of chronic renal failure 105. Adaptive and maladaptive changes in chronic renal failure 106. Pathogenesis and consequences of renal tubular transport defects 107. Pathophysiology of renal tubular acidosis: a short summary 108. Hyponatremia: forms, pathogenesis and consequences (especially in the CNS) 109. Hypernatremia: forms, pathogenesis and consequences (especially in the CNS) 110. Hyperkalemia: causes, pathogenesis and consequences 111. Hypokalemia: causes, pathogenesis and consequences; low total body K without hypokalemia 112. Hypo- and hyperphosphatemia: causes, pathogenesis and consequences 113. Changes of magnesium and chloride ion in different pathophysiological processes 114. Pathophysiological significance of trace elements (iron, iodine, fluoride, zinc, copper, selenium and chromium) 115. Pathogenesis and characteristics of abnormal respiratory patterns 116. Pathogenesis, forms and characteristics of dyspneas 117. Pulmonary function testing 118. General characterization of obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases 119. Etiology, pathophysiology and major forms of COPD 120. Pathomechanism of bronchial asthma, asthma-copd syndrome 121. Pathomechanism of cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis and viral bronchiolitis - 4-

5 122. Pathomechanism of extrinsic restrictive lung diseases (pneumothorax and pleural effusions) 123. Forms and pathogenesis of acute pulmonary edemas 124. Pathomechanism and consequences of acute pulmonary embolism 125. Pathomechanism and consequences of interstitial lung diseases 126. Forms and consequences of atelectasis and pneumonia 127. Classification, pathogenesis and consequences of pulmonary hypertension 128. Pathophysiology of cor pulmonale 129. Pathomechanism and consequences of type I. (hypoxemic) respiratory failure 130. Pathomechanism and consequences of type II. (hypercapnic) respiratory failure 131. Pathogenesis, forms and consequences of hypoxias 132. Regulation of ph, laboratory assessment of acid-base balance 133. Causes, compensations and consequences of respiratory acidosis 134. Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis: causes, compensations and consequences 135. Elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis: causes, compensations and consequences 136. Causes, compensations and consequences of respiratory alkalosis 137. Chloride-responsive metabolic alkalosis: causes, compensations and consequences 138. Chloride-unresponsive metabolic alkalosis and other forms of metabolic alkalosis: causes, compensations and consequences 139. Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis 140. Pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer s, Parkinson s Huntington s diseases & FTD-ALS disease spectrum) 141. Pathogenesis and consequences of cerebral circulatory diseases 142. Characterization of major stroke syndromes 143. Pathogenesis and consequences of cerebral edema 144. Pathomechanism and types of pain 145. Pathomechanism of acute pain 146. Pathomechanism of chronic pain; headaches 147. Pathophysiology of seizures and epilepsia 148. Addiction and chemical addiction. basic concepts 149. The role of the brain reward system in addiction 150. The stages and characterization of addiction 151. Pathogenesis and laboratory features of leucopenia and agranulocytosis 152. Pathogenesis and laboratory features of leukocytosis and clinical conditions related to leukocytosis 153. Etiological and pathogenetic factors in lymphoid neoplasms, common features and major forms 154. Pathogenesis of plasma cell disorders 155. Hematologic tumors of nonlymphoid origin:aml 156. Pathogenesis of CML 157. Pathogenesis of polycythemia rubra vera, essential thrombocytosis & primary myelofibrosis 158. Pathogenesis and consequences of normocytic normochromic anemias 159. Pathogenesis and consequences of macrocytic hyperchromic anemias - 5-

6 160. Pathogenesis and consequences of microcytic hypochromic anemias 161. Pathogenesis and consequences of anemia following blood loss 162. Pathomechanism of extracorpuscular hemolytic anemias 163. Pathomechanism of intracorpuscular hemolytic anemias 164. Pathogenesis and consequences of quantitative platelet disorders 165. Pathogenesis and consequences of qualitative platelet disorders 166. Pathogenesis and consequences of vascular purpuras 167. Pathogenesis and consequences of coagulopathies 168. Pathogenesis and consequences of thrombosis 169. Pathogenesis and consequences of thrombophilias 170. Pathogenesis and consequences of nausea and vomiting 171. Pathomechanism of dysphagia; diverticula 172. Pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease 173. Pathogenesis and consequences of peptic ulcer 174. Disorders of absorption 175. Disturbances of entero-hepatic circulation of bile acids 176. Celiac sprue: pathomechanism and consequences 177. Pathogenesis and consequences of diarrhea 178. Pathogenesis and consequences of constipation 179. Pathomechanism and consequences of ileus 180. Pathogenesis and consequences of acute pancreatitis 181. Pathogenesis and consequences of chronic pancreatitis 182. Disturbances of liver functions 183. Pathogenesis, laboratory features and differential diagnosis of jaundice 184. Pathogenesis, laboratory features and differential diagnosis of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemias 185. Pathogenesis, laboratory features and differential diagnosis of conjugated hyperbilirubinemias 186. Pathomechanism and consequences of cholestasis 187. Pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis 188. Pathomechanism and consequences of portal hypertension 189. Pathogenesis and consequences of hepatic failure 190. Pathomechanism of viral hepatitis 191. Pathomechanism of alcoholic and genetic liver diseases 192. Pathomechanism of immune liver diseases 193. Pathomechanism and consequences of biliary diseases - 6-