Topic list for Pathophysiology exam Faculty of Medicine 2017/2018

Transcription

1 UNIVERSITY OF SZEGED FACULTY OF MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Chairman: Prof.Dr.Szabó Gyula H-Szeged, Semmelweis u. 1., Pf. 427., 6701, Hungary Tel: , fax web: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TOPIC LIST 1 ST (FALL) SEMESTER 1. Inflammation: definition, development, phases & major features of acute inflammation 2. Characterization of plasma derived inflammatory mediators 3. Characterization of cell derived inflammatory mediators 4. Characterization of cellular elements in inflammation; pathophysiological significance 5. Regulation and outcome of the acute inflammatory response 6. Disturbances of phagocyte and complement system 7. Pathomechanism of chronic inflammation 8. Systemic effects of inflammation; inflammatory pain 9. Pathophysiological significance of non-specific and specific defense system 10. Pathogenesis and consequences of type I hypersensitivity reaction 11. Pathogenesis and consequences of type II hypersensitivity reaction 12. Pathogenesis and consequences of type III hypersensitivity reaction 13. Pathogenesis and consequences of type IV hypersensitivity reaction 14. Pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases: antibody mediated diseases and characterization 15. Pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases: T-cell mediated diseases and characterization 16. Pathogenesis of primary immunodeficiency syndromes: T-cell deficiencies 17. Pathogenesis of primary immunodeficiency syndromes: antibody deficiencies 18. Pathogenesis of secondary immunodeficiency 19. Alteration of the immune system: tumor immunotherapy 20. Pathogenesis of pituitary hyperfunction: hyperprolactinemia 21. Pathogenesis and forms of hypopituitarism 22. Alterations of growth in child- and adulthood; adult GH deficiency 23. Pathogenesis of thyrotoxicosis 24. Pathogenesis of hypothyroidism; development of goiter 25. Pathogenesis and consequences of acute and chronic hypoadrenalisms 26. Pathogenesis and consequences of hyperadrenalisms: Cushing s syndrome, aldosteronism and adrenogenital syndromes 27. Pathogenesis and consequences of paraganglial tumors 28. Disorders of menstrual cycle 29. Female reproductive tract disorders; chronic anovulations 30. Disorders of androgen metabolism and testicular dysfunction; male infertility 31. Disturbances of estrogen metabolism in males - 1-

2 32. Pathophysiological aspects of the posterior pituitary gland 33. Pathogenesis and consequences of hypercalcemia 34. Pathogenesis and consequences of hypocalcemia 35. Pathomechanism of hyper- and hypoparathyroidism 36. Regulation of body weight regulation and energy homeostasis; definition of obesity 37. Pathogenesis, types and consequences of obesity 38. Pathogenesis of malnutrition, protein-energy malnutrition and starvation 39. Definition and diagnostic criteria of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus 40. Etiologic classification of diabetes mellitus 41. Pathomechanism, forms and consequences of type 1 diabetes mellitus 42. Pathomechanism and consequences of type 2 diabetes mellitus 43. Pathomechanism of insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome 44. Pathomechanism, forms and pathobiochemistry of microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus 45. Pathomechanism of macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus 46. Pathomechanism of diabetic ketoacidosis and non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma 47. Pathogenesis and classifications of hypoglycemia 48. Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism 49. Pathogenesis of hypercholesterolemia 50. Pathogenesis of hypertriglyceridemia 51. Pathogenesis of mixed hyperlipidemia 52. Pathogenesis and consequences of secondary hyperlipoproteinemia 53. Forms of arteriosclerosis; pathogenesis of atherosclerosis 54. Risk factors and complications of atherosclerosis 55. Specific features and regulation of coronary circulation and pathophysiological consequences 56. Pathogenesis and types of angina pectoris 57. Pathogenesis and types acute coronary syndrome 58. Pathogenesis, classifications, consequences, and laboratory diagnosis of myocardial infarction 59. Changes in blood pressure during lifetime; definition of arterial hypertension in adult and childhood 60. Pathogenesis and consequences of essential (primary or idiopathic) hypertension 61. Pathogenesis and consequences of secondary hypertensions: renal and non-endocrine type hypertensions 62. Pathogenesis and consequences of secondary hypertensions: endocrine hypertension 63. Complications of hypertension; hypertensive crises and consequences 64. Concept and characterization of cyanosis 65. Adaptation to and compensation of reduced cardiac contractility; cardiac hypertrophy 66. Acyanotic congenital heart diseases: pathogenesis and consequences 67. Cyanotic congenital heart diseases: pathogenesis and consequences 68. Definition and consequences of acute rheumatic fever 69. Pathomechanism of aortic stenosis and regurgitation (acute, chronic) 70. Pathomechanism of mitral stenosis and regurgitation (acute, chronic) 71. Definition, types and development of heart failure - 2-

3 72. Adaptive and maladaptive changes in heart failure 73. Pathophysiology of symptoms in heart failure 74. Pathophysiology of signs in heart failure 75. Acute heart failure: definition, forms and pathogenesis 76. Sodium balance disorders: forms and development of hypervolemia 77. Development, forms and pathogenesis of edema 78. Characterization of the major forms of edemas: heart failure, edema in liver- and kidney disease & pregnancy 79. Sodium balance disorders: forms and development of hypovolemia 80. Pathogenetic classification and main features of circulatory shock 81. Stages and compensatory mechanisms of circulatory shock 82. Progressive and irreversible shock 83. Anti-inflammatory and metabolic dysfunctions in shock 84. Molecular, cellular and systemic changes in shock: DIC and shock 85. Complications of shock, pathophysiological features 86. Causes and characterization of hypovolemic shock 87. Causes and characterization of cardiogenic shock 88. Causes and characterization of obstructive shock 89. Causes and characterization of distributive shock; septic shock and vasodilatory shock 90. Definition, forms of hypotension and syncope: reflex-mediated syncope 91. Definition, forms of hypotension and syncope: cardiovascular and orthostatic syncope HIGHLIGHTS OF ECG (FOR DETAILS SEE YOUR LECTURE NOTES) 92. ECG registration techniques 93. Changes of waves under normal and pathological conditions 94. Determination of electrical axis 95. How to analyze an ECG? 96. Practical use of ECG in everyday practice; ECG reference ranges 97. Classification of arrhythmias: development and mechanism 98. Classification of arrhythmias: the site of origin of arrhythmia 99. A-V blocks 100. Bundle branch blocks 101. Premature beats 102. Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias 103. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias 104. ECG signs of myocardial ischemia and injury 105. ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes 106. ECG signs of myocardial infarction 107. ECG signs of atrial strain and ventricular hypertrophy 108. ECG signs of major electrolyte disorders 2 ND (SPRING) SEMESTER 109. Temperature regulation and its pathophysiological consequences 110. Pathogenesis of fever, types and effects of fever - 3-

4 111. Pathogenesis of hyperthermia 112. Pathogenesis of hypothermia Topic list for Pathophysiology exam Faculty of Medicine 113. Characterization and detection of proteinuria 114. Characterization and detection of leukocyturia and bacteriuria 115. Characterization and detection of hematuria, hemoglobinuria 116. Characterization and detection of glucosuria and ketonuria 117. Detection of UBG and bilirubin in urine and its pathophysiological significance 118. Characterization and pathological changes of urine sediment 119. Pathogenesis and consequences of kidney stone formation 120. Characterization of oliguria, anuria, polyuria, azotemia and uremia 121. Acute kidney injury: pre- and post-renal forms; pathogenesis and consequences 122. Acute kidney injuries affecting the renal parenchyma; pathogenesis and consequences 123. Pathomechanism of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis 124. Characterization of glomerular diseases based on immune mechanisms 125. Pathogenesis and consequences of nephrotic syndrome 126. Characterization of disorders with nephrotic syndrome 127. Pathogenesis, disorders and consequences of acute nephritic syndrome 128. Pathogenesis and consequences of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and asymptomatic hematuria and/or proteinuria 129. Pathogenesis and consequences of chronic renal failure 130. Adaptive changes in chronic renal failure 131. Maladaptive changes in chronic renal failure 132. Pathogenesis and consequences of renal tubular transport defects 133. Pathophysiology of renal tubular acidosis: a short summary 134. Pathophysiological aspects of sodium and water balance 135. Hyponatremia: forms, pathogenesis and consequences (especially in the CNS) 136. Hypernatremia: forms, pathogenesis and consequences (especially in the CNS) 137. Pathophysiology of potassium balance 138. Hyperkalemia: causes, pathogenesis and consequences 139. Hypokalemia: causes, pathogenesis and consequences; low total body K without hypokalemia 140. Hyperphosphatemia: causes, pathogenesis and consequences 141. Hypophosphatemia: causes, pathogenesis and consequences 142. Changes of magnesium and chloride ion in different pathophysiological processes 143. Pathophysiological significance of trace elements (iron, iodine, fluoride, zinc, copper, selenium and chromium) 144. Pathogenesis and characteristics of abnormal respiratory patterns 145. Pathogenesis, forms and characteristics of dyspneas 146. Pulmonary function testing 147. General characterization of obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases 148. Etiology, pathophysiology and major forms of COPD 149. Pathomechanism of bronchial asthma, asthma-copd syndrome 150. Pathomechanism of cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis and viral bronchiolitis - 4-

5 151. Pathomechanism of extrinsic restrictive lung diseases (pneumothorax and pleural effusions) 152. Forms and pathogenesis of acute pulmonary edemas 153. Pathomechanism and consequences of acute pulmonary embolism 154. Pathomechanism and consequences of interstitial lung diseases 155. Forms and consequences of atelectasis and pneumonia 156. Classification, pathogenesis and consequences of pulmonary hypertension 157. Pathophysiology of cor pulmonale 158. Pathomechanism and consequences of type I. (hypoxemic) respiratory failure 159. Pathomechanism and consequences of type II. (hypercapnic) respiratory failure 160. Pathogenesis, forms and consequences of hypoxias 161. Regulation of ph, laboratory assessment of acid-base balance 162. Causes, compensations and consequences of respiratory acidosis 163. Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis: causes, compensations and consequences 164. Elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis: causes, compensations and consequences 165. Causes, compensations and consequences of respiratory alkalosis 166. Chloride-responsive metabolic alkalosis: causes, compensations and consequences 167. Chloride-unresponsive metabolic alkalosis and other forms of metabolic alkalosis: causes, compensations and consequences 168. Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis 169. Pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer s, Parkinson s Huntington s diseases & FTD-ALS disease spectrum) 170. Pathogenesis and consequences of cerebral circulatory diseases 171. Characterization of major stroke syndromes 172. Pathogenesis and consequences of cerebral edema 173. Pathomechanism and types of pain 174. Pathomechanism of acute pain 175. Pathomechanism of chronic pain; headaches 176. Pathophysiology of seizures and epilepsia 177. Addiction and chemical addiction. basic concepts 178. The role of the brain reward system in addiction 179. The stages and characterization of addiction 180. Pathogenesis and laboratory features of leucopenia and agranulocytosis 181. Pathogenesis and laboratory features of leukocytosis and clinical conditions related to leukocytosis 182. Forms and consequences of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue tumors 183. Etiological and pathogenetic factors in lymphoid neoplasms, common features and major forms 184. Pathogenesis of plasma cell disorders 185. Hematologic tumors of nonlymphoid origin:aml 186. Pathogenesis of CML 187. Pathogenesis of polycythemia rubra vera, essential thrombocytosis & primary myelofibrosis 188. Pathogenesis and consequences of normocytic normochromic anemias - 5-

6 189. Pathogenesis and consequences of macrocytic hyperchromic anemias 190. Pathogenesis and consequences of microcytic hypochromic anemias 191. Pathogenesis and consequences of anemia following blood loss 192. Pathomechanism of extracorpuscular hemolytic anemias 193. Pathomechanism of intracorpuscular hemolytic anemias 194. General characterization of hemorrhagic diathesis 195. Pathogenesis and consequences of quantitative platelet disorders 196. Pathogenesis and consequences of qualitative platelet disorders 197. Pathogenesis and consequences of vascular purpuras 198. Pathogenesis and consequences of coagulopathies 199. Pathogenesis and consequences of thrombosis 200. Pathogenesis and consequences of thrombophilias 201. Pathogenesis and consequences of nausea and vomiting 202. Pathomechanism of dysphagia; diverticula 203. Pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease 204. Defensive forces of the gastric mucosa: regulation and disturbances of gastric secretion 205. Pathogenesis and consequences of peptic ulcer 206. Disorders of absorption 207. Disturbances of entero-hepatic circulation of bile acids 208. Celiac sprue: pathomechanism and consequences 209. Pathogenesis and consequences of diarrhea 210. Pathogenesis and consequences of constipation 211. Pathomechanism of gastrointestinal motility disorders 212. Pathomechanism and consequences of ileus 213. Pathogenesis and consequences of acute pancreatitis 214. Pathogenesis and consequences of chronic pancreatitis 215. Disturbances of liver functions 216. Pathogenesis, laboratory features and differential diagnosis of jaundice 217. Pathogenesis, laboratory features and differential diagnosis of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemias 218. Pathogenesis, laboratory features and differential diagnosis of conjugated hyperbilirubinemias 219. Pathomechanism and consequences of cholestasis 220. Pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis 221. Pathomechanism and consequences of portal hypertension 222. Pathogenesis and consequences of hepatic failure 223. Pathomechanism of viral hepatitis 224. Pathomechanism of alcoholic and genetic liver diseases 225. Pathomechanism of immune liver diseases 226. Pathomechanism and consequences of biliary diseases - 6-