3/7/2019 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM WHAT IS THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM? POINTS TO PONDER SYSTEM COMPONENTS & FUNCTIONS. System overview
|
|
- Tracy Wilson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 POINTS TO PONDER CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM H E AR T AN D B L O O D V E S S E L S What are the functions of the cardiovascular system? What is the anatomy of the heart? Of blood vessels, such as veins and arteries? How is the heart beat regulated? What is blood pressure? What are common cardiovascular diseases and how might you prevent them? SYSTEM COMPONENTS & FUNCTIONS System overview Components Heart pumps blood Blood vessels blood flows through these Functions Circulation Performs exchanges Oxygen and nutrients are brought to cells Waste products are removed Kidneys, liver, lungs, intestines WHAT IS THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM? It includes the heart and blood vessels. It brings nutrients to cells and helps get rid of wastes. Blood is refreshed in the lung, kidneys, intestine, and liver. Lymphatic vessels help this system by collecting excess fluid surrounding tissues and returning it to the cardiovascular system. 1
2 WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM? 1. Transport: oxygen, carbon dioxide and other wastes products, nutrients, and horomones 2. Protection: cells of the immune system are transported to help protect the body from infection 3. Regulation: maintain homeostasis of a variety of the body s conditions ARTERIES AND ARTERIOLES Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Their walls have 3 layers. Thin inner epithelium Thick smooth muscle layer Outer connective tissue Arterioles are small arteries that regulate blood pressure. ARTERIES AND ARTERIOLES CAPILLARIES The strong walls of an artery give it support when blood enters under pressure; The elastic tissue allows an artery to expand to absorb the pressure. The constriction or dilation of arterioles controls blood pressure. Microscopic vessels between arterioles and venules Made of one layer of epithelial tissue Form beds of vessels where exchange with body cells occurs Combined large surface area Blood Vessels VEINS AND VENULES Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. a. blood flow v. v. = vein; a. = artery Figure 5.2 Structure of a capillary bed. artery connective tissue arteriole precapillary sphincter elastic tissue endothelium smooth muscle valve venule blood flow (left): Ed Reschke; (right): Biophoto Associates/Photo Researchers capillary bed arteriovenous shunt vein Venules are small veins that receive blood from the capillaries. Venule and vein walls have 3 layers. Thin inner epithelium Thick smooth muscle layer Outer connective tissue Veins carry blood toward the heart. Veins that carry blood against gravity have valves to keep blood flowing toward the heart. 2
3 TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS HOW CAN YOU TELL THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN ARTERY AND VEIN? vein artery Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. artery connective tissue arteriole v. a. blood flow precapillary sphincter elastic tissue endothelium smooth muscle arteriovenous shunt valve blood flow venule vein v.=vein; a.=artery capillary Figure 5.2 Structure of a capillary bed. (left): Ed Reschke TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS The Capillaries: exchange Arterioles branch into capillaries. The capillaries have walls that are only one cell thick and allow exchange of substances with tissue fluid. Not all capillary beds are open at the same time. Contraction of a precapillary sphincter muscle closes off the bed and then blood flows through an arteriovenous shunt, bypassing the capillary bed, going directly into a venule. TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS arteriovenous shunt The Veins: To the Heart Venules drain into veins that return blood to the heart. Veins have much less smooth muscle and connective tissue than arteries. Veins often have valves that prevent the backward flow of blood due to gravity when closed. 3
4 THE HEART Located behind and slightly left of the breastbone(sternum) Cone-shaped Points slightly left Has 4 chambers 2 atria (sing. = atrium) 2 ventricles THE HEART Muscular Myocardium = cardiac muscle tissue Lies inside a fibrous pericardium ANATOMY OF THE HEART Large, muscular organ consisting of mostly cardiac tissue called the myocardium Surrounded by a sac called the pericardium Consists of 2 sides, right and left, separated by a septum Consists of 4 chambers: 2 atria and 2 ventricles 2 sets of valves: semilunar valves and atrioventricular valves (AV valves) Valves produce the lub and dub sounds of the heartbeat EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF THE HEART left subclavian artery left common carotid artery brachiocephalic artery superior vena cava aorta left pulmonary artery pulmonary trunk left pulmonary veins right pulmonary artery right pulmonary veins left atrium left cardiac vein right atrium right coronary artery left ventricle right ventricle left anterior descending coronary artery inferior vena cava apex 4
5 INTERNAL ANATOMY OF THE HEART left subclavian artery left common carotid artery brachiocephalic artery superior vena cava aorta left pulmonary artery pulmonary trunk left pulmonary veins right pulmonary artery right pulmonary veins semilunar valve left atrium right atrium atrioventricular (bicuspid) valve atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve chordae tendineae papillary muscles right ventricle septum left ventricle inferior vena cava a. THE HEART THE HEART Right and left atria empty into the right and left ventricles respectively. Atrioventricular valves occur between the atria and ventricles Semilunar valves occur between the ventricles and the attached arteries. Chordae tendinae strengthen atrioventricular valves. Intercalated disks contain gap junctions and desmosomes which join neighboring fibers together and make sure that cardiac fibers contract simultaneously. CORONARY CIRCULATION Myocardium receives oxygen and nutrients from the coronary arteries. Right coronary artery Left coronary artery Circumflex artery Left anterior desending artery THE STRUCTURE OF THE VESSELS AND HEART MATCH THEIR FUNCTIONS The left ventricle is much more muscular than the right ventricle because it must pump blood to the entire body. The arteries are more muscular than veins to withstand the higher pressure exerted on them. The veins have a thinner wall and a larger center to contain blood. 5
6 VISUALIZING BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART PASSAGE OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART From the body through the heart Superior and inferior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries to the lungs. From the lungs Blood goes back to the heart via pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, and then to the body through the aorta. Oxygen-poor blood never mixes with oxygen-rich blood! Figure 5.4 The heart is a double pump. HOW DOES THE HEARTBEAT OCCUR? THE HEART During systole, the atria contract together followed by the ventricles contracting together. This is followed by diastole, a rest phase, when the chambers relax. This cardiac cycle, or heartbeat, occurs 70 times/minute on average. Each heartbeat is called a cardiac cycle. Systole refers to the contraction of heart chambers Diastole refers to their relaxation. Heart sounds, lub-dub Due to the closing of the atrioventricular valves Followed by the closing of the semilunar valves. WHAT IS THE CARDIAC CYCLE? semilunar aortic semilunar valve bicuspid valve valves close ( dup ) pulmonary trunk semilunar superior aorta valves vena cava HEARTBEAT IS CONTROLLED Internal Control of Heartbeat right atrium left atrium right atrium Sinoatrial (SA) node (pacemaker) initiates the beat and causes the atria to contract. a. right ventricle left ventricle aorta inferior vena cava c. pulmonary trunk atrioventricular (AV) valves close d. Atrioventricular (AV) node conveys the stimulus and initiates contraction of the ventricles. The signal for the ventricles to contract travels from the AV node through the atrioventricular bundle to the smaller Purkinje fibers. b. ( lub ) represents contraction d: Biophoto Associates/ Photo Researchers These impulses travel between gap junctions at intercalated disks. Figure 5.5 The stages of the cardiac cycle. 6
7 5.3 The Heart is a Double Pump VISUALIZING THE GAP JUNCTIONS AT THE INTERCALATED DISKS gap junction Figure 5.4b The heart is a double pump. HEARTBEAT IS CONTROLLED ELECTROCARDIOGRAM External Control of Heartbeat Cardiac control center in the medulla oblongata regulates the heartbeat by way of the parasympathetic nervous system (slows heart rate) The sympathetic nervous system (increases heart rate) systems. Hormones of the adrenal medulla also stimulate the heart. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recording of the electrical changes that occur in the myocardium during a cardiac cycle. ECG pattern P wave signals the atria are about to contract when stimulated by the SA node; QRS complex signals contraction of the ventricles; Recovery of the ventricles produces the T wave. ECG can also detect various types of abnormalities, including ventricular fibrillation. ELECTROCARDIOGRAM WHAT DOES A NORMAL ECG LOOK LIKE? R P T SA node Q S AV node b. Normal ECG b: Ed Reschke branches of atrioventricular bundle Purkinje fibers a. Figure 5.6a-b An electrical signal pathway through the heart. 7
8 FEATURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM FEATURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Pulse Rate Equals Heart Rate The surge of blood entering the arteries following a heartbeat causes their elastic walls to stretch and then recoil. This is felt as a pulse. The pulse rate of the radial or carotid artery indicates the heart rate. Blood Flow Is Regulated Beating of the heart is necessary for homeostasis because it creates the pressure that propels blood in the arteries and the arterioles Blood Pressure Moves Blood in Arteries Blood pressure is the pressure of blood against the wall of a blood vessel. Usually measured in the brachial artery of the arm with a sphygmomanometer Higher number is the systolic pressure and the lower number is the diastolic pressure Normal blood pressure is less than 120/80. High blood pressure is called hypertension and low blood pressure hypotension. What is blood pressure? BLOOD PRESSURE READINGS Figure 5.7 Sphygmomanometers measure blood pressure. Systolic The top number, which is also the higher of the two numbers, measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats (when the heart muscle contracts). Diastolic The bottom number, which is also the lower of the two numbers, measures the pressure in the arteries between heartbeats (when the heart muscle is resting between beats and refilling with blood). FEATURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Am. Heart Assoc. values 2012 When the left ventricle contracts, a surge of blood flows through the arteries. BP is highest in the aorta BP is lowest in the superior and inferior vena cavae. 8
9 Relative magnitude BLOOD FLOW What is important about blood flow? Blood Flow Is Slow in the Capillaries Blood moves slowly in capillaries because there are more capillaries than arterioles. Slow pace allows time for exchanges between capillary blood and tissue cells. arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins total blood cross-sectional pressure area of vessels velocity Blood flow (starting from heart) 49 Figure 5.8 Blood velocity and pressure in the blood vessels. BLOOD FLOW Blood Flow in Veins Returns Blood to Heart Venous return is dependent upon skeletal muscle contraction, the presence of valves in veins, and respiratory movements. Once blood has moved past a valve it closes preventing backward return. TWO CARDIOVASCULAR PATHWAYS Blood flows in two circuits: Pulmonary Systemic circuits The Pulmonary Circuit: Exchange of Gases Pulmonary arteries take blood from the right ventricle to the lungs Carbon dioxide is given off Oxygen is picked up Pulmonary veins return it to the left atrium. Pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood while pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood. TWO CARDIOVASCULAR PATHWAYS The Systemic Circuit: Exchanges with Tissue Fluid Aorta is largest artery in the systemic circuit Receives blood from the heart Superior and inferior venae cavae Ascending Aorta Descending Aorta Trace the Path of Blood see following figure 9
10 FIG BLOOD FLOW THE HEART S BLOOD SUPPLY: CORONARY CIRCULATION There are small coronary arteries that supply the heart. They are separate from the systemic and pulmonary pathways of the body. HEPATIC PORTAL SYSTEM Hepatic Portal System: Specialized for Blood Filtration Drains blood from the capillary beds of the digestive tract to a capillary bed in the liver Purifies blood of toxins and pathogens Blood returns via hepatic vein to inferior vena cava HEPATIC PORTAL SYSTEM A system that brings amino acid- and glucose-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver. The liver synthesizes blood proteins and stores the glucose as glycogen. The liver also plays a role in purifying blood from the digestive tract. Finally, the blood will return to the heart via the inferior vena cava. EXCHANGE AT THE CAPILLARIES Movement of fluid through the capillary wall controlled by Osmotic pressure Blood pressure control Arterial End Blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure and water exits capillary Venule End Osmotic pressure is greater than blood pressure, and water tends to move into capillary 10
11 Exchange at the capillary beds is primarily a result of osmotic and blood pressure Exchange at the capillaries from heart arteriole Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Arterial End Blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure. Net pressure out. smooth muscle fiber water salt oxygen amino acids plasma protein osmotic pressure blood pressure Tissue Fluid glucose carbon dioxide wastes Venous End Osmotic pressure is higher than blood pressure. Net pressure in. water to heart venule Lymphatic capillary beds lie alongside capillary beds. When lymphatic capillaries take up excess fluid it becomes lymph. Lymph returns to the cardiovascular veins in the chest. Precapillary sphincters can shut down a blood capillary, and blood then flows through the shunt. Figure 5.12 The movement of solutes in a capillary bed EXCHANGE AT THE CAPILLARIES EXCHANGE AT THE CAPILLARIES Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Excess tissue fluid left behind in capillary beds is collected by lymphatic vessels. This fluid is called lymph and is returned to the venous blood in the shoulder region. arteriole tissue cells lymphatic capillary Figure 5.13 Interaction of lymphatic and capillary beds. blood capillary lymphatic duct venule Cardiovascular Disorders Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in the Western world. DISORDERS OF THE BLOOD VESSELS Hypertension/high blood pressure Atherosclerosis Stroke Heart attack Aneurysm 65 11
12 CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS HYPERTENSION Disorders of the Blood Vessels High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Can lead to heart disease Best defense against hypertension is a life-style that lowers the risk of hypertension Often seen in individuals with atherosclerosis, an accumulation of plaque in the linings of arteries. These clots can dislodge and lodge in a small blood vessel, forming a thromboembolism, which is life-threatening. High blood pressure results when blood moves through vessels at a rate higher than normal, often due to arterial plaque. 120/80 mmhg is considered prehypertensive. It is a silent killer because there are few symptoms. It can lead to a heart attack, stroke, or kidney failure. 5.7 Cardiovascular Disorders ATHEROSCLEROSIS Atherosclerosis It is a build up of plaque in blood vessels. Plaque that is stationary is called a thrombus, and an embolus when it detaches and can move to distant sites. coronary artery Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ulceration lumen of vessel It is associated with a stroke, heart attack, and aneurysm. fat cholesterol crystals atherosclerotic plaque Biophoto Associates/Photo Researchers Figure 5B Coronary arteries and plaque. CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS STROKE Stroke, Heart Attack, and Aneurysm Stroke Blood clot lodges in a cerebral blood vessel or a cerebral blood vessel bursts, and a portion of the brain dies. Heart attack Blood clot lodges in a coronary blood vessel Aneurysm Ballooning of a blood vessel If a major blood vessel like the aorta bursts, death is likely A stroke is also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). It usually occurs when a cranial artery is blocked or bursts. Part of the brain dies dues to lack of oxygen. Symptoms may include numbness of hands or face, difficulty speaking, and inability to see in one eye. 12
13 HEART ATTACK A heart attack is also known as a myocardial infarction (MI). Part of the heart dies due to lack of oxygen. It can begin with angina pectoris, a pain that radiates down the left arm due to a blockage of a coronary artery. ANGINA Chest pain or discomfort caused when your heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygenrich blood. Usually happens because one or more of the coronary arteries is narrowed or blocked, also called ischemia. Symptom of an underlying heart problem ANGINA ANEURYSM Symptoms May feel like pressure or squeezing in your chest. The discomfort also can occur in your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back. Angina pain may even feel like indigestion. Treatments Lifestyle changes Medicines vasodilators (nitroglycerine) Cardiac procedures Cardiac Rehab It is a ballooning of a blood vessel. Atherosclerosis and hypertension can weaken a vessel and cause ballooning. The most commonly affected is the abdominal artery or the arteries leading to the brain. CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS Treatments for blood vessel disorders Angina pectoris. Blockage of a coronary artery Dissolving Blood Clots t-pa drug dissolves clots Aspirin reduces chance of clots Treating Clogged Arteries Coronary bypass operation Angioplasty Gene therapy has also been used to grow new blood vessels Treating clogged arteries Bypass surgery: usually a vein from the leg is taken and used to bypass a clogged artery Stents: wire mesh cylinder inserted into a clogged artery to hold it open Angioplasty: a tube with a balloon is inserted into the clogged area and the balloon is then inflated to open the vessel A stent and angioplasty may be used in combination 13
14 TREATMENTS FOR ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE IN CORONARY ARTERIES DISORDERS OF THE HEART AND ITS TREATMENT Disorders Heart failure is when the heart no longer pumps properly. Treatments Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) Heart transplant either natural or artificial CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS Heart Failure Heart no longer pumps as it should Implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator senses fast or slow heart beat Heart Transplants Routinely performed but there is a shortage of human hearts Left ventricular assist device (LVAD), implanted in the abdomen, Alternative to a heart transplant. Work still goes forward on an artificial heart. Artificial Heart Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION wireless energytransfer system external wireless driver Figure 5.15 An artificial heart. internal controller external battery pack (right): Courtesy SynCardia Systems, Inc. replacement heart rechargeable internal battery photograph of artificial heart 83 Preventable risk factors include: use of tobacco products. drug and alcohol abuse. obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. poor diet. stress. poor dental hygiene. 14
15 HOMEOSTASIS All body systems work together to maintain homeostasis. How Body Systems Work Together The cardiovascular system delivers oxygen and nutrients to, and takes away metabolic wastes from, the tissue fluid that surrounds cells. The lymphatic system returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream. The muscular system makes essential contributions to body movement. In the skeletal system, bones contribute calcium ions, which are important to blood clotting. The urinary system regulates acid-base and water-salt balance of blood and tissue fluid. 15
Chapter 05 Lecture Outline
Chapter 05 Lecture Outline See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction
More informationChp. 5 The cardiovascular system. What are the function of the cardiovascular system? Arteries and arterioles:
5.1 Overview of the cardiovascular system Chp. 5 The cardiovascular system Includes the heart and blood vessels Brings nutrients to cells and helps get rid of wastes Blood is refreshed in the lung, kidneys,
More informationChapter 05 Cardiovascular System
Chapter 05 Cardiovascular System 1 Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels 2 Points to ponder What are the functions of the cardiovascular system? What is the anatomy of the heart? Of blood vessels,
More informationThe ancient Babylonians, Egyptians, Indians and Chinese believed the heart was the centre of thinking and emotions
The Concept of Mind The ancient Babylonians, Egyptians, Indians and Chinese believed the heart was the centre of thinking and emotions Hippocrates 460 BC 370 BC - Thoughts, ideas, and feelings come from
More informationFunctions of Blood. Blood Vessels. Lymphatic System. Components of the Cardiovascular System. Unit 5 Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels
Unit 5 Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels Components of the Cardiovascular System Heart pumps blood Blood vessels the tubes through which the blood flows Functions of Blood Blood removes wastes
More informationThe Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Cardiovascular System Blood Vessels Blood Vessels Arteries Arteries Arteries
CH 12 The Cardiovascular and s The Cardiovascular and s OUTLINE: Cardiovascular System Blood Vessels Blood Pressure Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system is composed of Blood vessels This system
More information10. Thick deposits of lipids on the walls of blood vessels, called, can lead to serious circulatory issues. A. aneurysm B. atherosclerosis C.
Heart Student: 1. carry blood away from the heart. A. Arteries B. Veins C. Capillaries 2. What is the leading cause of heart attack and stroke in North America? A. alcohol B. smoking C. arteriosclerosis
More informationThe Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues Fifth Edition Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire 12 The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Lecture Presentation Anne Gasc Hawaii Pacific University and
More informationCardiovascular. Function of the cardiovascular system is to transport blood containing: Nutrients Waste Hormones Immune cells Oxygen
Cardiovascular The Cardiovascular System - Arteries Arteries Cardiovascular System Function of the cardiovascular system is to transport blood containing: Carry blood away from heart Carotid arteries Deliver
More informationCardiovascular System. Biology 105 Lecture 15 Chapter 12
Cardiovascular System Biology 105 Lecture 15 Chapter 12 Outline I. Functions of cardiovascular system II. Components of the cardiovascular system: I. Blood vessels II. Heart III. Regulation of the heartbeat
More information37 1 The Circulatory System
H T H E E A R T 37 1 The Circulatory System The circulatory system and respiratory system work together to supply cells with the nutrients and oxygen they need to stay alive. a) The respiratory system:
More informationCh. 12 The Circulatory System. The heart. The heart is a double pump. A quick note on arteries vs. veins. = the muscular pump of the CV system
Ch. 12 The Circulatory System The heart A.k.a. the cardiovascular system Blood was discussed in Ch. 11 Focus of Ch. 12: heart and blood vessels = the muscular pump of the CV system ~ 100,000 heartbeats/day!
More informationPearson's Comprehensive Medical Assisting Administrative and Clinical Competencies
Pearson's Comprehensive Medical Assisting Administrative and Clinical Competencies THIRD EDITION CHAPTER 27 The Cardiovascular System Lesson 1: Overview of the Cardiovascular System Lesson Objectives Upon
More informationThe Circulatory System (p )
The Circulatory System (p. 268-281) How Does Gravity Affect Blood Circulation? As with all land animals, the giraffe and the corn snake are constantly subject to the force of gravity The circulatory system
More informationMajor Function of the Cardiovascular System. Transportation. Structures of the Cardiovascular System. Heart - muscular pump
Structures of the Cardiovascular System Heart - muscular pump Blood vessels - network of tubes Blood - liquid transport vehicle brachiocephalic trunk superior vena cava right pulmonary arteries right pulmonary
More information1. Which of the following blood vessels has a thin elastic layer? A. Aorta. B. Pulmonary artery. C. Posterior vena cava. D. Mesenteric capillary.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 1. Which of the following blood vessels has a thin elastic layer? A. Aorta. B. Pulmonary artery. C. Posterior vena cava. D. Mesenteric capillary. 2. Capillary beds are equipped with
More informationCIRCULATORY SYSTEM BLOOD VESSELS
Name: Block: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Multicellular organisms (above the level of roundworms) rely on a circulatory system to bring nutrients to, and take wastes away from, cells. In higher organisms such as
More informationCardiovascular System. I. Structures of the heart A. : Pericardium sack that surrounds the heart
Cardiovascular System I. Structures of the heart A. : Pericardium sack that surrounds the heart 1. : Pericardial Cavity serous fluid filled space between the heart and the pericardium B. Heart Wall 1.
More informationChapter 27 -The Heart & Blood Vessels
Chapter 27 -The Heart & Blood Vessels 3.2 Learning Objectives 3.2.2 Organisational Complexity of the human 1. Describe the structures and organisation of tissues in the closed circulatory system. 2. Discuss
More informationChapter 14. The Cardiovascular System
Chapter 14 The Cardiovascular System Introduction Cardiovascular system - heart, blood and blood vessels Cardiac muscle makes up bulk of heart provides force to pump blood Function - transports blood 2
More informationThe Cardiovascular System
The Cardiovascular System The Cardiovascular System A closed system of the heart and blood vessels The heart pumps blood Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body The function of
More informationUnit 1: Human Systems. The Circulatory System
Unit 1: Human Systems The Circulatory System nourish all cells with oxygen, glucose, amino acids and other nutrients and carry away carbon dioxide, urea and other wastes Purposes Transport chemical messengers
More informationCirculatory System Review
Circulatory System Review 1. Know the diagrams of the heart, internal and external. a) What is the pericardium? What is myocardium? What is the septum? b) Explain the 4 valves of the heart. What is their
More informationd) Cardiovascular System Higher Human Biology
d) Cardiovascular System Higher Human Biology What can your remember about the heart and blood vessels? What is the Cardiovascular System? The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system,
More informationIB TOPIC 6.2 THE BLOOD SYSTEM
IB TOPIC 6.2 THE BLOOD SYSTEM TERMS TO KNOW circulation ventricle artery vein THE BLOOD SYSTEM 6.2.U1 - Arteries convey blood at high pressure from the ventricles to the tissues of the body Circulation
More informationCardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System I. Structure of the Heart A. Average adult heart is 14 cm long and 9 cm wide. B. Lies in the mediastinum. C. Enclosed in the pericardium. 1. Fibrous pericardium- Outer, tough connective
More informationFigure ) The specific chamber of the heart that is indicated by letter A is called the. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 364
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 9e (Marieb) Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System Short Answer Figure 11.1 Using Figure 11.1, identify the following: 1) The Purkinje fibers are indicated by label.
More informationHealth Science 20 Circulatory System Notes
Health Science 20 Circulatory System Notes Functions of the Circulatory System The circulatory system functions mainly as the body s transport system. It transports: o Oxygen o Nutrients o Cell waste o
More informationTypes of circulatory systems
Types of circulatory systems Open system Mostly invertebrates Low pressure Haemocoel Suitable for small organisms Closed system Vertebrates High pressure Blood remains in blood vessels Separate tissue
More informationThe Circulatory System. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview The Circulatory System
33.1 THINK ABOUT IT More than one-third of the 1.2 million Americans who suffer a heart attack each year die. This grim evidence shows that the heart and the circulatory system it powers are vital to life.
More informationThe Heart. Happy Friday! #takeoutyournotes #testnotgradedyet
The Heart Happy Friday! #takeoutyournotes #testnotgradedyet Introduction Cardiovascular system distributes blood Pump (heart) Distribution areas (capillaries) Heart has 4 compartments 2 receive blood (atria)
More informationFunction: Transportation of. Oxygen Nutrients Waste Hormones gases
Function: Transportation of Oxygen Nutrients Waste Hormones gases Pericardium: double sac of serous membrane filled with fluid (pericardial fluid to be exact) that surrounds the heart. Parietal pericardium:
More informationChapter 27 The Heart and Blood Vessels
Chapter 27 The Heart and Blood Vessels Most animals have a closed blood system. The blood flows continuously in vessels back to the heart. In an open system the blood is pumped into open ended tubes and
More informationCirculatory System. - Consists of a pumping heart and blood vessels. Two types of circulatory fluids: Blood OR Hemolymph
Introduction - The major transportation fluid in the body. - 8% of the total body fluids. Roles of the Cardiovascular system: 1- Transport of substances (O 2, CO 2, nutrients, and hormones) 2- Regulation
More informationThe Cardiovascular System (Heart)
The Cardiovascular System The Cardiovascular System (Heart) A closed system of the heart and blood vessels The heart pumps blood Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body The function
More informationCardiovascular System Notes: Heart Disease & Disorders
Cardiovascular System Notes: Heart Disease & Disorders Interesting Heart Facts The Electrocardiograph (ECG) was invented in 1902 by Willem Einthoven Dutch Physiologist. This test is still used to evaluate
More informationDo Now. Get out work from last class to be checked
Do Now Get out work from last class to be checked Heart Actions Cardiac Cycle: One complete heartbeat. The contraction of a heart chamber is called systole and the relaxation of a chamber is called diastole.
More information4. The two inferior chambers of the heart are known as the atria. the superior and inferior vena cava, which empty into the left atrium.
Answer each statement true or false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word to make it true. 1. The heart is located approximately between the second and fifth ribs and posterior to the
More informationCIRCULATORY SYSTEM TASK CARDS Worksheet
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM TASK CARDS Worksheet Name: Date: Instructions: Put the answers to each task card in the numbered boxes on the chart. 1 a) left semilunar valve / aortic valve b) blood would backflow
More informationCardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System Blood vessels, heart and blood Functions Transport oxygen, nutrients, waste, hormones White blood cells fighting disease Temperature regulation Blood vessels; Arteries Arteries carry
More informationChapter 10 The Circulatory & Lymphatic Systems
Biology 12 Name: Human Biology Per: Date: Chapter 10 The Circulatory & Lymphatic Systems Complete using BC Biology 12, pages 298 325 10.1 The Blood Vessels pages 298-299 1. Label the blood vessels in this
More informationThe Heart. The Heart A muscular double pump. The Pulmonary and Systemic Circuits
C H A P T E R 19 The Heart The Heart A muscular double pump circuit takes blood to and from the lungs Systemic circuit vessels transport blood to and from body tissues Atria receive blood from the pulmonary
More informationIB TOPIC 6.2 THE BLOOD SYSTEM
IB TOPIC 6.2 THE BLOOD SYSTEM THE BLOOD SYSTEM TERMS TO KNOW circulation ventricle artery vein 6.2.U1 - Arteries convey blood at high pressure from the ventricles to the tissues of the body Circulation
More informationCardiovascular System Notes: Physiology of the Heart
Cardiovascular System Notes: Physiology of the Heart Interesting Heart Fact Capillaries are so small it takes ten of them to equal the thickness of a human hair. Review What are the 3 parts of the cardiovascular
More informationChapter 9 Homeostasis and Circulation
1 Chapter 9 Homeostasis and Circulation Section 9.1 Homeostasis: Life in the Balance Outcomes: I can explain homeostasis I can describe the importance of homeostasis to living things I can explain the
More information1. Label the Diagram using the following terms: artery, arterioles, vein, venules, capillaries, valve, inner wall, middle wall, outer wall
Bio 20 Ms. Nyboer Arteries, Veins, Capillaries, and the Heart Structure and Function Workbook Use your textbook (Ch. 10) and notes to fill in this workbook Part A: Arteries, Veins, Capillaries 1. Label
More informationThe HEART. What is it???? Pericardium. Heart Facts. This muscle never stops working It works when you are asleep
This muscle never stops working It works when you are asleep The HEART It works when you eat It really works when you exercise. What is it???? Located between the lungs in the mid thoracic region Apex
More informationCIE Biology GCSE. 9: Transport in animals. Notes.
CIE Biology GCSE 9: Transport in animals Notes The circulatory system acts as the main transport system in animals. It is made up of blood vessels such as arteries, veins and capillaries, in which blood
More informationChapter 12. Capillaries. Circulation. The circulatory system connects with all body tissues
Chapter 12 Circulation The circulatory system connects with all body s In many animals, microscopic blood vessels called capillaries Form an intricate network among the Red blood cell song Figure 23.1A
More informationThe Heart and Cardiovascular System
The Heart and Cardiovascular System What you will learn The location of the heart 3 layers and covering of the heart Explain the function of the heart as 2 separate pumps Identify the 4 chambers of the
More informationThe Cardiovascular System
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Elaine N. Marieb Slides 11.1 11.19 Seventh Edition Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System Functions of the Cardiovascular system Function of the heart: to pump blood
More informationCirculatory System 10.1
1 Circulatory System 10.1 2 ARTERIES Arteries-blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart Thick walls Inner & Outer layers: connective tissue Middle layers are muscle and elastic connective tissue
More informationBiology Unit 3 The Human Heart P
Biology 2201 Unit 3 The Human Heart P 314-321 Structure and Function of the Human Heart Structure of the Human Heart Has four Chambers (2 Atria and 2 Ventricles) Made of Cardiac Muscle Found in Chest Cavity
More informationCirculation And Blood. Circulation And Blood. Circulation And Blood. Circulation And Blood. Blood 10/22/2012
Cells in our body build their own membranes and organelles Make their own ATP Assemble their own enzymes and other proteins And may manufacture substances used elsewhere in the body To do these things,
More informationCirculation. Circulation = is a process used for the transport of oxygen, carbon! dioxide, nutrients and wastes through-out the body
Circulation Circulation = is a process used for the transport of oxygen, carbon! dioxide, nutrients and wastes through-out the body Heart = muscular organ about the size of your fist which pumps blood.
More informationUnit 6: Circulatory System. 6.2 Heart
Unit 6: Circulatory System 6.2 Heart Functions of Circulatory System 1. The heart is the pump necessary to circulate blood to all parts of the body 2. Arteries, veins and capillaries are the structures
More informationSection 5.1 The heart and heart disease
Section 5.1 The heart and heart disease Mammals are too large to rely on diffusion. They need a circulatory system to move substances around the body. Blood moves down pressure gradients, from high to
More informationTopic 6: Human Physiology
Topic 6: Human Physiology 6.2 The Blood System D.4 The Heart Essential Questions: 6.2 The blood system continuously transports substances to cells and simultaneously collects waste products. D.3 The chemical
More informationCIRCULATION. Cardiovascular & lymphatic systems Functions. Transport Defense / immunity Homeostasis
CIRCULATION CIRCULATION Cardiovascular & lymphatic systems Functions Transport Defense / immunity Homeostasis 2 Types of Circulatory Systems Open circulatory system Contains vascular elements Mixing of
More informationThe Cardiovascular System. Chapter 15. Cardiovascular System FYI. Cardiology Closed systemof the heart & blood vessels. Functions
Chapter 15 Cardiovascular System FYI The heart pumps 7,000 liters (4000 gallons) of blood through the body each day The heart contracts 2.5 billion times in an avg. lifetime The heart & all blood vessels
More informationBlood flows away from the heart in arteries, to the capillaries and back to the heart in the veins
Cardiovascular System Summary Notes The cardiovascular system includes: The heart, a muscular pump The blood, a fluid connective tissue The blood vessels, arteries, veins and capillaries Blood flows away
More informationCh 19: Cardiovascular System - The Heart -
Ch 19: Cardiovascular System - The Heart - Give a detailed description of the superficial and internal anatomy of the heart, including the pericardium, the myocardium, and the cardiac muscle. Trace the
More informationCirculatory (Cardiovascular) System Structure and Function of Blood
Circulatory (Cardiovascular) System Structure and Function of Blood Circulatory Systems Open Fluid is circulated through an open body chamber. Arthropods and most mollusks have an open circulatory system.
More information: thick middle layer; cardiac muscles : thin inner layer; endothelial lining
1 2 3 4 Bio 1102 Lecture 5 (guided) Chapter 8: Heart & Blood Vessels Functions of Circulatory System: To carry from lungs to all cells, tissues, and organs of body To carry from digestive system to all
More informationThe Circulatory System. The Heart, Blood Vessels, Blood Types
The Circulatory System The Heart, Blood Vessels, Blood Types The Closed Circulatory System Humans have a closed circulatory system, typical of all vertebrates, in which blood is confined to vessels and
More informationThe Circulatory System
The Circulatory System Key Questions What are the functions of the circulatory system? How does the heart pump blood through the body? What are three types of blood vessels? Vocabulary myocardium atrium
More informationThe Mammalian Circulatory System
The Mammalian Heart The Mammalian Circulatory System Recall: What are the 3 cycles of the mammalian circulatory system? What are their functions? What are the three main vessel types in the mammalian circulatory
More informationCirculatory System Notes
Circulatory System Notes Functions of Circulatory System A. Transports B. Transports C. Transports D. Transports E. of fluids F. G. Regulate temperature H. Blood clotting Characteristics of various blood
More informationCirculation & Cardiovascular Systems
Chapter 32: pp. 593-612 Circulation & Cardiovascular Systems Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Leukemia SEM 5,270 (Normal): Yorgos Nikas/Getty Images;
More informationThe Cardiovascular System
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Elaine N. Marieb Seventh Edition Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System Slides 11.1 11.19 Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook The Cardiovascular System
More informationYour heart is a muscular pump about the size of your fist, located
How Your Heart Works Your heart is a muscular pump about the size of your fist, located slightly to the left and behind your breastbone. Its function is to pump blood throughout your body. As your heart
More informationThe Heart. Size, Form, and Location of the Heart. 1. Blunt, rounded point; most inferior part of the heart.
12 The Heart FOCUS: The heart is composed of cardiac muscle cells, which are elongated, branching cells that appear striated. Cardiac muscle cells behave as a single electrical unit, and the highly coordinated
More informationChapter 23. Circulation
Chapter 23 Circulation Standards CORE: I can describe the components and function of blood. I can describe structure and function of blood vessels. I can compare and contrast systemic and pulmonary systems.
More informationCardiac Conduction System
Cardiac Conduction System What causes the Heart to Beat? Heart contracts by electrical signals! Cardiac muscle tissue contracts on its own an electrical signal is sent out by the heart so that all cells
More informationCardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System The Heart Cardiovascular System The Heart Overview What does the heart do? By timed muscular contractions creates pressure gradients blood moves then from high pressure to low pressure
More informationStructure and organization of blood vessels
The cardiovascular system Structure of the heart The cardiac cycle Structure and organization of blood vessels What is the cardiovascular system? The heart is a double pump heart arteries arterioles veins
More informationCirculatory System Review ANSWERS
Circulatory System Review ANSWERS 1. Know the diagrams of the heart, internal and external. a) What is the pericardium? Double membranous sac that surrounds the heart What is myocardium? The muscle tissue
More informationThe Cardiovascular System Part I: Heart Outline of class lecture After studying part I of this chapter you should be able to:
The Cardiovascular System Part I: Heart Outline of class lecture After studying part I of this chapter you should be able to: 1. Describe the functions of the heart 2. Describe the location of the heart,
More informationBiology 12 - Circulation - Chapter Notes
Biology 12 - Circulation - Chapter Notes Multicellular organisms (above the level of roundworms) rely on a circulatory system to bring nutrients to, and take wastes away from, cells. In higher organisms
More informationHuman Anatomy, First Edition
Human Anatomy, First Edition McKinley & O'Loughlin Chapter 22 : Heart 1 Functions of the Heart Center of the cardiovascular system, the heart. Connects to blood vessels that transport blood between the
More informationAnatomy Review: The Heart Graphics are used with permission of A.D.A.M. Software, Inc. and Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co.
Anatomy Review: The Heart Graphics are used with permission of A.D.A.M. Software, Inc. and Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co. Anatomy Views Label the diagrams of the heart below: Interactive Physiology Study
More informationCardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System Purpose Transport oxygen and nutrients Take waste products away from tissues & organs Things we learned Blood pressure: the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels
More informationUnit 10 ~ Learning Guide
Unit 10 ~ Learning Guide Name: INSTRUCTIONS Complete the following notes and questions as you work through the related lessons. You are required to have this package completed BEFORE you write your unit
More informationCollin County Community College. ! BIOL Anatomy & Physiology! WEEK 5. The Heart
Collin County Community College! BIOL. 2402 Anatomy & Physiology! WEEK 5 The Heart 1 (1578-1657) A groundbreaking work in the history of medicine, English physician William Harvey s Anatomical Essay on
More informationBlood must move! 4/15/2014. Heart Basics
What is the CARDIOVASCULAR system? The cardiovascular system carries blood and dissolved substances to and from different places in the body. The Heart has the job of pumping these things around the body.
More informationThis is a TRANSPORT system that allows every cell: i) uptake of nutrients ( ex. oxygen, glucose) ii) excretes wastes (ex C02, ammonia)
Biology 20 Unit D This is a TRANSPORT system that allows every cell: i) uptake of nutrients ( ex. oxygen, glucose) ii) excretes wastes (ex C02, ammonia) requires action of: heart: muscular force to move
More informationChapter 13. Cardiovascular System
Chapter 13 Cardiovascular System 1 Introduction A. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and vessels (arteries, capillaries and veins.) B. A functional cardiovascular system is vital for supplying
More informationLesson 10 Circulatory System (Nelson p.88-93)
Name: Date: Lesson 10 Circulatory System (Nelson p.88-93) Learning Goals: A. I can explain the primary functions of the circulatory system in animals. B. I can identify and explain all the parts of the
More informationBiology 1442 Supplemental Instruction Worksheet Cardiovascular System Jacaruso - 1 -
Biology 1442 Supplemental Instruction Worksheet Cardiovascular System Jacaruso - 1-2. Organs of a closed circulatory system: A. Have valves a. Arteriole B. Regulate blood flow b. Artery C. Lead to heart
More informationThe Cardiovascular System home study course
The Cardiovascular System home study course harmony house holistic therapy treatment centre and training academy www.harmony-house.org 1 Copyright 2010 by Mark and Katy Rogers All rights reserved. No part
More informationCardiovascular System- Heart. Miss Wheeler Unit 8
Cardiovascular System- Heart Miss Wheeler Unit 8 Overview CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM heart vessels Made up of heart, blood vessels, and blood Functions Heart- pump blood Vessels- (veins, arteries, capillaries)
More informationCirculatory Systems AP Biology
Circulatory Systems 2006-2007 Exchange of materials Animal cells exchange material across their cell membrane fuels for energy nutrients oxygen waste (urea, CO 2 ) If you are a 1-cell organism that s
More informationCardiovascular system
BIO 301 Human Physiology Cardiovascular system The Cardiovascular System: consists of the heart plus all the blood vessels transports blood to all parts of the body in two 'circulations': pulmonary (lungs)
More information100,000 km of blood vessels!
Biology 12 - Circulation - Chapter Notes Multicellular organisms (above the level of roundworms) rely on a circulatory system to bring nutrients to, and take wastes away from, cells. In higher organisms
More informationAnatomy of the Heart. Figure 20 2c
Anatomy of the Heart Figure 20 2c Pericardium & Myocardium Remember, the heart sits in it s own cavity, known as the mediastinum. The heart is surrounded by the Pericardium, a double lining of the pericardial
More informationTHE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Biology 30S THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Name: This module adapted from bblearn.merlin.mb.ca 1 Introduction to Circulation The first organ to form, and the last organ to die. The heart is the pump of life. The
More informationLarge Arteries of Heart
Cardiovascular System (Part A-2) Module 5 -Chapter 8 Overview Arteries Capillaries Veins Heart Anatomy Conduction System Blood pressure Fetal circulation Susie Turner, M.D. 1/5/13 Large Arteries of Heart
More informationAnatomy and Physiology, Spring 2015 Exam II: Form A April 9, Name Student Number
Anatomy and Physiology, Spring 2015 Exam II: Form A April 9, 2015 Name Student Number For Questions 1 2 refer to the following table. 1 Ventricular pressure is greater than aortic 6 AV valve is open 2
More informationMESA DAY CONTEST RULES
FOR CENTER DIRECTOR S USE ONLY ANSWERS MODEL SCIENCE THE HEART High School All Grades Students MUST be prepared to answer each question with a complete sentence or sentences. 1. What is the size of the
More information