Emergency Preservation and Resuscitation
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1 Emergency Preservation and Resuscitation Samuel A. Tisherman, MD, FACS, FCCM Director, Center for Critical Care and Trauma Education Director, SICU RA Cowley Shock Trauma Center
2 Disclosures Co-author of patent Emergency Preservation and Resuscitation Method Grant funding from Department of Defense Emergency Preservation and Resuscitation for Cardiac Arrest from Trauma Off label use Saline Cardiopulmonary bypass pumps and cannulas
3 Outline CPR Post-arrest hypothermia Cardiac arrest and trauma Hypothermia and trauma EPR
4 Peter Safar and Mouth-to-mouth
5 ABCs of CPR
6 Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest
7 2005 AHA Guidelines for CPR and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Unconscious adult patients with ROSC after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest should be cooled to 32 C to 34 C (89.6 F to 93.2 F) for 12 to 24 hours Postresuscitation Support. Circulation, 2005.
8 Prehospital Cooling
9 Trauma case at Shock Trauma 23 yo male Stab wound to the heart Arrest in Trauma Resuscitation Unit
10 CPR doesn t work in trauma
11 Clinical problem: Cardiac arrest from trauma Abdomen Chest Blunt Penetrating Overall Rhee, JACS, 2000 Survival (%)
12 Time to Death in Combat Casualties Dr. Peter Safar Col. Ron Bellamy
13 Influences Circ arrest Drowning Hth after CA
14 Emergency Preservation and Resuscitation Protection and preservation of the organism during circulatory arrest of 2 h or longer for transportation and control of bleeding during pulselessness followed by delayed resuscitation. Could allow survival from otherwise lethal insults
15
16 O 2 consumption Free radicals Inflammation Excitatory neurotransmitters Coagulopathy Stress Shivering
17
18 Predisposition in Trauma Patients Exposure (field and trauma bay) Opening of body cavities Blood loss Infusion of cold fluids Limited heat production Shock Sedation, anesthesia, EtOH and drugs
19 Triad of Death
20 Retrospective studies Increased injury severity Decreased temperature Increased mortality
21 PA Trauma Outcome Study Statewide trauma registry 38,520 trauma patients ( ) 1,921 (5%) hypothermic on admission (<35 o C) Adjusted for everything possible Age Injury severity Mechanism of injury Route of temp measurement Odds ratio for death 3.03 ( ) Crit Care Med, 2005.
22 Hypothermia will add 10 years to your life
23
24 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research
25 SCRR Animal ICU Dogs and pigs Anesthesia - light N 2 O-halothane Physiologic monitoring: ECG, MAP, PAP, PCW, CVP, ETCO2 ABG, Hct, lytes, glucose Temps: tympanic, PA, esoph, rectal 24 h/day ICU care
26
27 Temperature ( o C) Exsanguination Cardiac Arrest Model Exsanguination Cardiac Arrest min Time VF Bleed Flush CPB MAP Tty
28 Hypothermia Dose Response min 34 o C 30 min 28 o C 60 min 15 o C 90 min 10 o C
29 Exsanguination Cardiac Arrest (Tty 10 o C) Final OPC 90 min 120 min 5 Brain Death 4 Coma 3 Severe Disability 2 Moderate Disability Volume >500 ml/kg Whole body 1 Normal Behringer, CCM, 2003.
30 Mechanisms
31 Drug list Adenosine Thiopental Thio/Phenytoin MK801 YM872 Nimodipine Diltiazem Lidocaine Insulin/glucose W7 Cyclohexamide Tempol Cyclosporine A
32 Drug list Adenosine Thiopental Thio/Phenytoin MK801 YM872 Nimodipine Diltiazem Lidocaine Insulin/glucose W7 Cyclohexamide Tempol Cyclosporine A
33
34 Prolonged HS->arrest, PHCA Bloodgas CPR EPR ph 6.79± ±0.12 Potassium 7.9 ± ±1.4 Lactate 15.2± ±2.4 BE -16.9± ±1.5 Splenectomy MAP Spleen transection HS time CPR:124±11 min SA: 128±17 min CPR group EPR group Continuous bleeding Cardiac arrest CPB Wu et al. Circulation, 2006.
35 Prolonged HS->arrest, PHCA Overall Performance Category CPR EPR-I (hypo-12h) EPR-II (hypo-36) 5 Dead 4 Coma 3 Severe disability 2 Moderate disability 1 Normal *Seizures Wu et al. Circulation, *
36 We re not the only ones
37 HypoThermosol USUHS Model
38 Rhee and Alam Rewarming Cooling
39 5 min exsanguination 1 min CA 20 min EPR (including aortic flush) 60 min CPB MAP (mmhg) 100 (Temp N-EPR) (Temp H-EPR) Temp (ºC) Time
40 Emergency Preservation and Resuscitation for Cardiac Arrest from Trauma Political: Centers Medical: Protocols EPR-CAT Trial Training Ethical: Consent Financial: Funding
41
42 Specific aims Rapidly identify potential candidates for EPR within 5 min of pulselessness. Rapidly induce EPR by infusing ice-cold saline to attain a tympanic membrane temperature (Tty) of 10 o C. Following hemostasis, delayed resuscitation will be via cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Survival without significant neurologic deficits.
43 Subject Inclusion Criteria yo Signs of life (pulse, respirations, reactive pupils, or spontaneous movement) present within 5 min of ED arrival or in the ED Remains pulseless after OCCPR and no response to clamping aorta
44 Subject Exclusion Criteria No signs of life for > 5 min Traumatic brain injury Electrical asystole Obvious non-survivable injury Massive tissue trauma involving multiple sites Pregnancy Prisoner
45 Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP, mmhg) Final gasp Lose pulse Open chest Emergency Preservation Transport to OR Hemostasis <60 min MAP Tty Tympanic Temperature (Tty, o C) 0 Time 0 Trauma Aortic flush Delayed resuscitation
46 Technique: Flush Cannulate descending aorta Drain right atrial appendage Pump large volume of ice-cold fluid Temperature goal Tty (brain) 10 o C
47 Team
48 Training
49 Outcome Survival to D/C without major neuro sequelae Direct complications of the technique Cannulae and vessels Coagulopathy Organ system failures
50 Outcome Survival (28 d) Neurologic function (12 months) Glasgow Outcome Scale (Extended) 1. Dead 2. Vegetative state 3. Lower severe disability 4. Upper severe disability 5. Lower moderate disability 6. Upper moderate disability 7. Lower good recovery 8. Upper good recovery Quality of life SF-36
51 Control groups Concurrent patients Meet criteria, but team not available Might have bias Historical controls
52 Regulatory hoops FDA DSMB IRB CC/PD
53 Community consultation Public disclosure
54 Emergency Preservation and Resuscitation / nyti.ms/ 1pX2UEl Technology Quarterly: Q Monitor The big sleep HEALTH NYT NOW Killing a Patient to Save His Life By KATE MURPHY JUNE 9, 2014 PITTSBURGH Trauma patients arriving at an emergen sustaining a gunshot or knife wound may find themselve Doctors have begun human trials of suspended animation to buy more time for critically injured patients medical experiment. Sep 6th 2014 From the print edition Surgeons will drain their blood and replace it with fr Without heartbeat and brain activity, the patients will be THE picture that And then the surgeons will try to save their lives. is immediately Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh Medical brought to mind clinical trial that pushes the boundaries of conventional s by talk of
55 Funding Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center
56 FDA DSMB IRB CC/PD Training Moving forward
57 Thanks
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