Definitions of Perfumery Terms
|
|
- Christopher Boone
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Definitions of Perfumery Terms - A - Absolute: Alcoholic extraction of a concrete or other hydrocarbon to remove waxes and most odorless materials, producing an alcohol soluble or semi-liquid oil. Absolutes are highly concentrated. Waxes, terpenes, sesquiterpenes and most other odorless matters are eliminated from the concretes during the preparation of the absolutes. Commonly used solvents are alcohol, hexane, among others. Alcohol Extract: Concentrated herbal tinctures. Alcohol is used as a solvent to extract the herbal compounds. Glycerin tinctures are obtained by removing the alcohol and then adding glycerin as a base. Anhydrous: Produced without water; a combination of extraction of raw material and molecular distillation. Attar: Used in India to describe material obtained from the codistillation of Sandalwood and various other botanical materials. Also used to describe the steam distillation of rose petals "Rose Otto". - B - Balsam: Water insoluble, semi solid or viscous, resinous exudate of trees and bushes similar to gum resins. The balsam may be either a physiological or pathological product of the plant. Example: Balsam Peru. Bergaptene Free: Top & bottom note terpenes. Bergaptene is found in Bergamot and is removed through re-distillation to
2 prevent UV skin sensitivity when applied to the skin and exposed to the sun. Bleached: A material that has been filtered with acidified clays, removing color pigments & some aromatic substances. - C - Cohobation: When rose oil is extracted during water distillation, the one main constituent - phenyl ethyl alcohol - dissolves into the water of the distillation still and does not form part of the essential oil that is so extracted. The oil is not whole, as it is deficient in the rose-smelling ingredient - and in order to produce a "complete" oil, the phenyl ethyl alcohol needs to be distilled from the water in which it dissolved and added back to the "incomplete oil". When this phenyl ethyl alcohol is so distilled, it is added back to the original distillate, in the correct proportion, to form a complete and whole rose oil, and is then called Rose Otto. Cold Pressed (CP): A pressing process of extraction for citrus & fixed oils with minimized heat & deterioration, usually under 120 degrees farenheit. Concrete: Extraction of fresh natural plant materials, usually with non-polar organic solvents (ex: hexane) which yield, after removal of the solvent, a solid or semi solid wax. Concretes are representative of the natural raw material in the sense that they contain all the hydrocarbon soluble matter while water and water extractive matter have been left out. CO2 Extraction: Extraction method using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a solvent. There are two basic CO2 extractions. Low pressure cold extraction involves chilling CO2 to between degrees F and pumping it through the plant material at between 800-1,500 psi. Supercritical Fluid (SCO2) extraction involves heating the
3 CO2 to above 87F and pumping it above 1,100 psi. Usually this work is done between 6,000-10,000 psi. Supercritical Fluid CO2 can best be described as a dense fog whereas the first method described uses the CO2 in a dense liquid state. CO2 is the most desired of solvents as it leaves no toxic residues behind. Low pressure CO2 extraction is often the best method for obtaining high quality extracts. - D - Deodorized: The removal of unwanted fragrance or flavor materials from a botanical product. Distillate Water: Also known as hydrosol and floral water. This is a by-product of steam distillation. Distillation (Fractional): A heat-dependent process for separation and purification of a liquid mixture based on differences in vapor pressure of components of the mixture. The process involves vaporization of the more volatile component(s) and then condensation of the vapor back to a liquid. - E - Enfleurage: Enfleurage is an extraction similar to maceration, but is done in a slightly different way. Glass plates in a frame (called a chassis) are covered with highly purified and odorless vegetable or animal fat and the petals of the botanical matter that are being extracted are spread across it and pressed in. The flowers are normally freshly picked before so encased in their fatty bed. The petals remain in this greasy compound for a few days to allow the essence to disperse into the compound, where the then depleted petals are removed and replaced with a fresh harvest of petals. This process is repeated until the greasy mix is saturated with the essence, and needs to be repeated a couple of times until
4 saturation is achieved. When the mix has reached saturation point the flowers are removed and the enfleurage pomade - the fat and fragrant oil - then washed with alcohol to separate the extract from the remaining fat, which is then used to make soap. As soon as the alcohol evaporates from the mixture you are left with the essential oil. This is a very labor-intensive way of extraction, and needless to say a very costly way to obtain essential oil and is nowadays only sometimes used to extract essential oil from tuberoses and jasmine. Essence oil: An oil collected in the water distillate during the production and concentration of fruit juices. Example: orange oilphase essence, lemon oilphase essence etc. Essential oils: An essential oil is the volatile material derived by a physical process (distillation or expression) from odorous plant material of a single botanical form and species. Some technically argue that essential oils are only those materials obtained exclusively through steam distillation. Expression: A production method used to obtain citrus oils (ie lemon) and fruit juices. The expressed or cold pressed essential oils are obtained from the peels of the fruits. Expression yields essential oils which can contain a certain amount of non-volatile material. There are several methods of expression: Machine Abrasion - This method of expression extraction is very much like the écuelle à piquer method, and is mostly used in the manufacture of citrus essential oils. With machine abrasion a machine strips off the outer peel, which is then removed by running water and is then fed into a centrifugal separator. The centrifugal separation is done extremely fast but it should be noted that due to the fact that the essential oil is combined with other cell content for some time, some alteration could occur due to enzymatic action. Sponge Extraction - Most citrus essences are extracted by means of expression, and in the past were done by hand where the fruit pulp
5 was removed, with the rind and pith then soaked in warm water to make the rind more pliable, since the pith of the fruit absorbed the water. After the fruit has absorbed the water and become more elastic, it was inverted which helped to rupture the oil cells and a sponge placed next to the rind. It was then squeezed to release the volatile oil, which was then collected directly into the sponge.as soon as the sponge became saturated with oil, it was squeezed and the essential oil collected in a vessel and then decanted. Écuelle à piquer extraction - This form of expression extraction is used mainly to obtain citrus essential oils, and is a little less labor intensive than that of the sponge method. This more modern way of essential oil extraction is referred to as the écuelle à piquer process (direct translation = basin, to prick/stick/prod) where the fruit is placed in a device and rotated with spikes on the side puncturing the oil cells in the skin of the fruit. This cause the oil cells to rupture and the essential oil, and other material such as pigment, to run down to the center of the device, which contains a collection area. The liquid is thereafter separated and the oil is removed from the water-based parts of the mixture and decanted. Extraction (Solvent): A process of treating a natural raw material that may be too delicate to be procesed with heat, with an organic solvent. The solvent portion containing the extracted material is filtered and the solvent removed. The extract will contain nonvolatile as well as volatile components. Oleoresins, resinoids, concretes, and absolutes are all produced by extraction. Exudate: Non-cellular, natural raw material that is secreted by plants, either spontaneously or after wounding. Examples - Balsam Peru, Balsam Copaiba, etc.
6 - F - FDA Approved: Approved for a stated use by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States. FCC: Food Chemical Codex, the industry-standard listing of foodgrade ingredinets; indicates materials safe for use in food and cosmetics. Fixative: The material which slows down the rate of evaporation of the more volatile components in a perfume or natural product composition. Folded Oil: An essential oil, which is concentrated by distillation. Example - removal of terpenes from citrus oils. Fixed Oil: Non-volatile oils derived from plant materials, commonly referred to as vegetable oils. Fractional Distillation: In the fractional steam distillation process, the essential oil is collected in batches over the distillation period during given time intervals. Ylang Ylang is a material in which the initial oil yield taken initially and is referred to as Ylang Ylang 1st. The next is referred to as Ylang Ylang 2nd, and thereafter Ylang Ylang 3rd. A blend of all the batches is referred to as Ylang Ylang Complete. - G - Gum: A water soluble exudate consisting mainly of polysaccharides and used principally as a thickener and as a spraydried carrier in the manufacture of water soluble fragrance and flavor compounds (Gum Arabic, Agar, etc.)
7 Gum Resin Absolute: Oil soluble, purified exudate consisting mostly of resinous constituents, gums and small amounts of volatile components (Myrrh, Galbanum, Oppoponax). - H - Hydrosol: Also known as distillate water or floral water obtained as the by-product of steam distillation. Hydro Diffusion: A type of steam distillation, and only varies in the actual way in which the steam is introduced into the still. With hydro diffusion the steam is fed in from the top onto the botanical material instead of from the bottom as in normal steam distillation. The condensation of the oil containing steam mixture occurs below the area in which the botanical material is held in place by a grill. The main advantage of this method is that less steam is used, shorter processing time and a higher oil yield. Hydrospice: Water dispersible form of an oleoresin. - I - Isolate: Seperation of an aroma chemical from an essential oil via distillation (mechanically) or hydrolysis (chemically), or by other partitioning method. Example - Eugenol ex Clove Leaf. - J - - K - Kaolin: A natural clay which aids the absorption of oil secreted by the skin. No toxicity on record when used externally.
8 - L - - M - Maceration Extraction: Flowers are soaked in hot oil, which acts as a solvent, to have their cell membranes ruptured when the hot oil then absorbs the essence. The oil is then cleared of the botanical material and decanted. - N - Natural: Contains all natural ingredients. Non-synthetic. Natural Farming: Similar to certified organic farming. No use of chemical fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides or fungicides. Although the farmer/distiller may not be a member of the certified organic organizations, the planting, harvesting ad distillation are performed according to old traditional natural methods without the use of chemical /"artificial" substances. Natural & Artificial: Contains natural and artificial ingredients. Nature Identical: A component, natural or artificial, which has chemical structure identical to that found in nature. - O - Oleoresin: Extraction, usually of natural spice or flavoring materials, using selected solvents to remove the vital components. An Oleoresin will contain the essential oil plus other important non-volatile components which characterize the flavor, color and other aspects of the starting raw material.
9 - P - - Q - - R - Reco: Reconstituted from natural or synethic materials. Rectification: A second distillation of an essential oil to remove color, water, resinous matter, solvents and perhaps unwanted top and bottom notes. Refined: A material that has been processed to remove impurities from the natural crud botanical. Resin: This group of exudates includes both gums and balsams. They are water insoluble, solid or semi-solid, and formed in nature by the oxidation of terpenes. Resinoid: Solid or semi-solid material, prepared from exudates by extraction and purification with a solvent. These products are similar to concretes, except that the starting materials are not previously live, cellular tissue. - S - Sesquiterpeneless oils: Essential oils which have had the sesquiterpenic hydrocarbons partially or completely removed to: a) improve solubility in diluted alcohol or food grade solvents, b) improve odor and flavor of the essential oil, c) lift the overall fragrance and flavor, since sesquiterpenes have a fixative effect.
10 SHU: Scoville Heat Unit: A unit of measure of the degree of heat of capsicum. Named after Wilbur Scoville. A quick conversion from ppm to Scoville is to multiply the ppm by 15 to get the Scoville Heat Unit. Solvent Extractions: Oils may be extracted by using solvents such as petroleum ether, methanol, ethanol or hexane and is often used on fragile material such as jasmine, hyacinth, narcissus and tuberose, which would not be able to handle the heat of steam distillation. A solvent extracted oil is very concentrated and is very close to the natural fragrance of the material used. Although solvent extraction is used extensively, some people do not believe that it should be used for aromatherapy oils since a residue of solvent could be present in the finished product. Some reports site a solvent residue of 6-20% still present in the finished extraction, but this was normally the case when benzene was the standard solvent used. With hexane (a hydrocarbon) as the solvent material the solvent residue goes down to about 10 ppm (parts per million) and this is an extremely low concentration of solvent in the resultant product. As mentioned, benzene is no longer used in the extraction method, since it is regarded as carcinogenic (cancer forming). After the plant material has been treated with the solvent, it produces a waxy aromatic compound referred to as a "concrete". - T - Terpene: Fraction of an essential oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons, obtained as a byproduct from either concentration or distillation of the oil. Terpeneless: Essential or expressed oil in which monoterpenic or hydrocarbons have been partially or completely removed. Tincture: An alcoholic extraction with the solvent left in as a
11 dilutant. - U - Unrefined: The crude, natural, or virgin first extraction of a botanical. - V - - W - Water Miscible/Dispersible: Can be uniformly mixed with water. Water Distillation: Extraction of essential oils wherein the botanic material is completely immersed in water and the still is brought to a boil. This method protects the oils so extracted to a certain degree since the surrounding water acts as a barrier to prevent it from overheating. When the condensed material cools down, the water is separated from the essential oil. Water Soluble: Can be dissolved in water. Water and Steam Distillation: A combination of normal water distillation and steam distillation. The botanical material is immersed in water in a still, which has a heat source, plus live steam is fed into the water and botanical material mixture. Winterized: Cold filtered process removing waxes & stearines which cause cloudiness when temperatures drop. WONF: An oil or flavor "With Other Natural Flavors" added to enhance specific notes. Wax: A low melting point organic mixture or compound of high molecular weight, solid at room temperature and generally similar
12 in composition to fats and oils, except that it contains no glycerides. Wheat Germ Oil: Natural oil obtained from the embryo of the wheat kernel separated in milling. Natural source of vitamins E, A, and D. - X - - Y - - Z -
CHAPTER 33. Essential oils and resinoids, perfumery, cosmetic or toilet preparations
CHAPTER 33 Essential oils and resinoids, perfumery, cosmetic or toilet preparations NOTES : 1. This Chapter does not cover: (a) natural oleoresins or vegetable extracts of heading 1301 or 1302; (b) soap
More informationTariff Item Description of goods Unit Rate of duty
CHAPTER 33 Essential oils and resinoids, perfumery, cosmetic or toilet preparations NOTES 1. This Chapter does not cover: (a) natural oleoresins or vegetable extracts of heading 1301 or 1302; (b) soap
More informationFATS & OILS GLOSSARY
FATS & OILS GLOSSARY Antioxidant A substance that slows or interferes with the reaction of a fat or oil with oxygen. The addition of antioxidants to fats or foods containing them retard rancidity and increases
More informationDr.N Damodharan Professor and Head. Department of Pharmaceutics SRM College of Pharmacy
Dr.N Damodharan Professor and Head Department of Pharmaceutics SRM College of Pharmacy 1 Definition: - Medicines prepared according to the formulae of Galen. - A medicinal preparation composed mainly of
More informationESSENTIAL OILS AND RESINOIDS; PERFUMERY, COSMETIC OR TOILET PREPARATIONS
CHAPTER 33 ESSENTIAL OILS AND RESINOIDS; PERFUMERY, COSMETIC OR TOILET PREPARATIONS Notes 1. This chapter does not cover: (a) natural oleoresins or vegetable extracts heading 1301 or 1302; (b) soap or
More informationEssential Oils: A Guide to Natural Healing. The Basics
Essential Oils: A Guide to Natural Healing 2 Table of Contents A History of Fragrance What is an Essential Oil? What is the Role of Essential Oils in Plants? Essential Oils: Organic vs. Non-Organic Organic
More informationSri Lanka Customs National Imports Tariff Guide Section VI - Chapter 33 - Page 1
Chapter 33 Notes. Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery, cosmetic or toilet preparations 1. his Chapter does not cover : (a) Natural oleoresins or vegetable extracts of heading 13.01 or 13.02; (b) Soap
More informationREP18/CF-Appendix VI 1
REP18/CF-Appendix VI 1 APPENDIX VI PROPOSED DRAFT CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE REDUCTION OF 3-MONOCHLOROPROPANE-1,2- DIOL ESTERS (3-MCPDE) AND GLYCIDYL ESTERS (GE) IN REFINED OILS AND FOOD PRODUCTS MADE WITH
More informationLoveland Molecular Laboratories
Loveland Molecular Laboratories Clean All of our extracts are produced in our state-of-the-art laboratory and are free of any residual solvents for the purest oil possible. Consistent We use the right
More informationThe Cannabis Workflow and the IMPORTANCE OF TEMPERATURE CONTROL
WHITEPAPER The Cannabis Workflow and the IMPORTANCE OF TEMPERATURE CONTROL As more states legalize the recreational and medicinal use of cannabis in the United States and Canada, the number of processors
More informationMethods of Extracting or Obtaining Essential Oils
1 Methods of Extracting or Obtaining Essential Oils The most common method for extracting essential oils is using steam distillation. Solvents are often used in extracting oils that are waxy The most expensive
More information5-Day Liver Cleansing Program
5-Day Liver Cleansing Program 2 Days of a Purifying Raw-Food Program and a 3-Day Juice Fast IMPORTANT NOTICE: It is HIGHLY recommended that you complete the 2-week Colon Cleansing Program (5-day Colon
More informationStudy on extraction technology of essential oil from orange peel
Journal of Computing and Electronic Information Management ISSN: 2413-1660 Study on extraction technology of essential oil from orange peel Chaowei Li Yibin Tianyuan Haifeng Hetai co.ltd, China. 327248439@qq.com
More informationH O. rapidly reduces. They dissolve. because they can hydrogen bond to the water molecules.
3.9 arboxylic Acids and Derivatives Naming arboxylic acids These have the ending oic acid but no number is necessary for the acid group as it must always be at the end of the chain. The numbering always
More informationOil, Fats & Oleochemicals Technology
TM Oil, Fats & Oleochemicals Technology ENGINEERING-EQUIPMENT-TURNKEY SYSTEMS EDIBLE OIL REFINING DRY FRACTIONATION FAT SPLITTING FATTY ACID FRACTIONATION GLYCERINE PURIFICATION HYDROGENATION Edible Oil
More informationDRAFT TANZANIA STANDARD
AFDC 04(4961) P3 REV. TZS 1432: 2011 DRAFT TANZANIA STANDARD Refined olive oil and refined olive pomace oil Specification TANZANIA BUREAU OF STANDARDS Refined olive oil and refined olive pomace oil Specification
More informationMODULE TOPIC PERIODS 1 Oils and fats, soaps & detergents 13 2 Pulp and Paper Explosives and insecticides Sugar, starch and leather 13
COURSE TITLE : ORGANIC TECHNOLOGY COURSE CODE : 5072 COURSE CATEGORY : A PERIODS/ WEEK : 4 PERIODS/ SEMESTER : 52 CREDIT : 4 TIME SCHEDULE MODULE TOPIC PERIODS 1 Oils and fats, soaps & detergents 13 2
More informationHAND BOOK OF ESSENTIAL OILS MANUFACTURING & AROMATIC PLANTS. Trends in Trade of Essential Oils
HAND BOOK OF ESSENTIAL OILS MANUFACTURING & AROMATIC PLANTS Indian Scenario Uses of Essential Oils Trends in Trade of Essential Oils Demand for Essential Oil Fragrance Flavour Damask Rose (Rosa Damascena
More informationPetrolatum. Stage 4, Revision 1. Petrolatum is a purified semi solid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum.
1 001-1208PDG.pdf Petrolatum Stage 4, Revision 1 Definition Petrolatum is a purified semi solid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It may contain a suitable antioxidant. Description and Solubility
More informationANIMALS OILS AND FATS CHAPTER 2 PREPARATION AND SAPONIFICATION OF SPERMACETI 1. PREPARATION OF SPERMACETI
182 ANIMALS OILS AND FATS CHAPTER 2 PREPARATION AND SAPONIFICATION OF SPERMACETI 1. PREPARATION OF SPERMACETI 690. The spermaceti I examined was separated as follows from a yellow colored oil which commercial
More informationThey are the most powerful part of the plant. They are distilled from shrubs, flowers, trees, roots, bushes, fruit, rinds, resins, and herbs.
Essential Oils 101 What are essential oils? They are the most powerful part of the plant. They are distilled from shrubs, flowers, trees, roots, bushes, fruit, rinds, resins, and herbs. Oils consist of
More informationMixed solvent systems;; spirits, and elixirs
Mixed solvent systems;; spirits, and elixirs By Dr. Mohammed Sattar 2016/2017 1 Outlines Ø Elixirs Ø Applications Ø Formulation Ø Spirits Ø Applications Ø Formulation 2 1 Non aqueous systems it may be
More informationLoveland Molecular Laboratories
Loveland Molecular Laboratories Clean All of our extracts are produced in our state-of-the-art laboratory and are free of any residual solvents for the purest oil possible. Consistent We use the right
More informationInnovators in organic fragrance development. Environmentally & socially responible. Made in France. Award-winning.
A C O R E L L E Innovators in organic fragrance development. In 2005, in the French countryside near Bordeaux, Laboratoire Odysud, a small independent cosmetic laboratory, started a new innovative organic
More informationThe types of problems encountered can be fragrance/product compatibility, color changes, solubility, and reactions between fragrance and product.
CHEM 470 What Every Formulator Needs to Know about Fragrance The types of problems encountered can be fragrance/product compatibility, color changes, solubility, and reactions between fragrance and product.
More informationCOMPARATIVE STUDIES ON EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM LEMON GRASS
NATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS, COMMERCE & SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH REVIEW A REFEREED PEER REVIEW BI-ANNUAL ONLINE JOURNAL PAPER ID:- NJACSRR/JAN-JUN 2018/VOL-5/ ISS-1/A2 PAGE NO.10-14 IMPACT FACTOR (2017): 5.9781
More informationBeginner s Tips For Using Essential Oils Report
Beginner s Tips For Using Essential Oils Report Essential oils are one of the top natural remedies to use for physical and mental ailments, but they also happen to be a little intimidating at first. Perhaps
More informationEssential Oil Education for the Athletic Trainer. Jessica Melchert
Essential Oil Education for the Athletic Trainer Jessica Melchert Speaker Disclosure Jessica Melchert Young Living Independent Distributor Relevant Financial Relationships: Young Living is a network marketing
More informationREVIE ONLINE PREVIEW O. Using Essential Oils for Enhanced Wellness: An A-to-Z Guide
Using Essential Oils for Enhanced Wellness: PW An A-to-Z Guide E PW ON PW ONL NL PW ONL ONL PR NL P PW E PW ON PW ONL NL PW ONL ONL PR NL P PW What Are Essential Oils? Essential oils are life-enhancing
More informationA carboxylic acid is an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group, COOH
1.6 Carboxylic Acids, Esters and Fats Carboxylic Acids A carboxylic acid is an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group, COOH These compounds are weak acids. Citrus fruits, crabapples, rhubarb,
More information1 Introduction. 1.1 History
1 Introduction 1.1 History Since early antiquity, spices and resins from animal and plant sources have been used extensively for perfumery and flavor purposes, and to a lesser extent for their observed
More informationANIMAL OILS AND FATS CHAPTER 10 ÉTHAL 1 1. COMPOSITION 479. BY WEIGHT BY VOLUME 2
126 ANIMAL OILS AND FATS CHAPTER 10 ÉTHAL 1 1. COMPOSITION 479. BY WEIGHT BY VOLUME 2 Oxygen 6.2888 100.00 1.00 Carbon 79.7660 1268.40 16.60 Hydrogen 13.9452 221.74 35.54 which is equivalent to: Ethylene..
More informationEx17. Analgesics, TLC Analysis. Analgesics. The Experiment. Part A. Carboxylic Acids. Part B. Willow Bark Esters & Esterification
Ex17 Analgesics, TLC Analysis Analgesics Carboxylic Acids Structure Properties Willow Bark Esters & Esterification The Experiment Part A Use TLC to Separate Compounds Part B Determine Elution Solvents
More informationRICE BRAN OIL-AN IMPORTANT FUTURE SOURCE FOR EDIBLE AND ESSENTIAL OILS IN ORISSA
RICE BRAN OIL-AN IMPORTANT FUTURE SOURCE FOR EDIBLE AND ESSENTIAL OILS IN ORISSA Dr. G. K. Roy, 'Assoc. Member*.Mr. H. N. Sharat Chandra ABSTRACT Present crisis of edible and essential oils has been critically
More informationRemoval of Mycotoxins during Food Processing
88 Removal of Mycotoxins during Food Processing Hisashi Kamimura Abstract In order to learn whether there might be a risk to human health from the intake of mycotoxins contaminating agricultural products,
More informationEnergetic Aromatherapy
Energetic Aromatherapy Aromatherapy Is the use of essential (or volatile) oils derived from plants Aromatherapy can be used: To assist physical healing To enhance mental function and mood In personal care
More information11/6/18. Energetic Aromatherapy. About Essential oils. Aromatherapy
Energetic Aromatherapy Aromatherapy Is the use of essential (or volatile) oils derived from plants Aromatherapy can be used: To assist physical healing To enhance mental function and mood In personal care
More informationGood pharmacopoeial practices: Chapter on monographs on herbal medicines
Annex 7 Good pharmacopoeial practices: Chapter on monographs on herbal medicines Background Following the fiftieth meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations,
More informationStandard Report. ABC - Basil Oil Additional BioMarkers Brought Into Range: 10 Category: ABC Products Essential Oils, All ABC Products
Standard Report BALANCER VIRTUAL ITEM RE-SCAN RESPONSES This section of the report shows your top balancer Virtual Items and how many out-of-range biomarkers each balancer progressively brought into range.
More informationWelcome. Introduction Leighanne Crocker, Wellness Advocate and Essential Oils Educator and Remedial Massage Therapist
Welcome Introduction Leighanne Crocker, Wellness Advocate and Essential Oils Educator and Remedial Massage Therapist My preferred essential oils are DoTERRA Certified Therapeutic Grade Essential Oils,
More informationTHERMALLY OXIDIZED SOYA BEAN OIL interacted with MONO- and DIGLYCERIDES of FATTY ACIDS
THERMALLY OXIDIZED SOYA BEAN OIL interacted with MONO- and DIGLYCERIDES of FATTY ACIDS Prepared at the 39th JECFA (1992), published in FNP 52 Add 1 (1992). Metals and arsenic specifications revised at
More informationLecture 30: Soaps and Detergents
Lecture 30: Soaps and Detergents 30.1 Introduction Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of fatty acid. Common fatty acids used are oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid and myristic acid.
More informationNature s Chemistry. Fragrances and Skin Care
St Andrew s and St Bride s High School CfE Higher Chemistry Nature s Chemistry Page 1 of 12 Essential Oils Essential oils are concentrated extracts of the volatile, non-water soluble (hydrophobic) aroma
More informationPAPRIKA EXTRACT SYNONYMS DEFINITION DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONAL USES CHARACTERISTICS
PAPRIKA EXTRACT Prepared at the 77 th JECFA, published in FAO JECFA Monographs 14 (2013), superseding tentative specifications prepared at the 69 th JECFA (2008). An ADI of 0-1.5 mg/kg bw was allocated
More information3. PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING
93 3. PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING 3.1 INTRODUCTION All the drugs- Ayurvedic, Unani and Herbal extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening to test the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates
More informationQuality Considerations and Control Factors for Homebrewing Biodiesel. John Bush
Quality Considerations and Control Factors for Homebrewing Biodiesel John Bush John@boulderbiodiesel.com www.boulderbiodiesel.com Quality? Modern Diesel Engines are very sensitive to fuel quality issues.
More informationIsolation and Purification of Organic Compounds Steam Distillation of Essential Oils
Isolation and Purification of Organic Compounds Steam Distillation of Essential Oils Distillation relies on the fact that the substance with the greatest vapor pressure will be enriched in the vapor phase
More informationPHARMACEUTICS I صيدالنيات 1 UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION
PHARMACEUTICS I صيدالنيات 1 UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION 1 PHARMACEUTICS Pharmaceutics is the science of dosage form design. The general area of study concerned with the formulation, manufacture, stability, and
More informationTHERMALLY OXIDIZED SOYA BEAN OIL
THERMALLY OXIDIZED SOYA BEAN OIL Prepared at the 39th JECFA (1992), published in FNP 52 Add 1 (1992). Metals and arsenic specifications revised at the 55th JECFA (2000). An ADI of 0-3 mg/kg bw was established
More informationTHE EXCLUSIVE UTIQUE SERIES GOOD TO KNOW
THE EXCLUSIVE UTIQUE SERIES GOOD TO KNOW UTIQUE PERFUMES The secret to the exclusivity of UTIQUE perfumes is the abundance of natural, very costly ingredients with high concentration. Their unique combination
More informationEducation beyond the basics Lesson 1: Essential Oil Foundation
Education beyond the basics Lesson 1: Essential Oil Foundation Lesson 1: Essential Oil Foundation Notes Understanding the use of oils Using essential oils is quite simple. However, as there are many oils
More informationExtraction News Notes Blog
Extraction News Notes Blog www.infinitysupercritical.com BY: Infinity Supercritical Staff EG TAGS: Supercritical CO2 Oil Extraction, Cannabis, Oil Concentrates Sustainable Production of Cannabinoids with
More informationOrganic Molecule Composition of Milk: Lab Investigation
Name: Organic Molecule Composition of Milk: Lab Investigation Introduction & Background Milk & milk products have been a major food source from earliest recorded history. Milk is a natural, nutritionally
More informationWHMF121 Session Fourteen. Infused Oils. Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 1
WHMF121 Session Fourteen Infused Oils Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 1 Today s Topic o Infused oil: Digested Infused Oil Cold Maceration Method Warm Maceration Method o Definitions,
More informationSILO Perfumery Notes El Mirador, Cordoba 1974 [This is a historical document created in 1974 and as such no changes have been made to the text.
PERFUMERY Introduction: Perfumery, Ritual and Yoga In the overall scheme of Notebook #8, we place perfumery within the ritual crafts. These are in turn connected with Our Yoga, which as we know has to
More informationTerpenes and Phenylpropanoids
Terpenes and Phenylpropanoids Microapproach to Organic Chemistry VY NGUYEN 26 March 2016 ABSTRACT Essential oil components are often found in the glands or intercellular spaces in plant tissue. They may
More informationPotential Causes of Color Shift in Pigmented Emulsions. Tony O Lenick President
Potential Causes of Color Shift in Pigmented Emulsions Tony O Lenick President Results! 1) Color Shift! 2) Unpredictable results! 3) Stability issues especially pigmented emulsions (W/Si). Areas of Potential
More informationDraft agreed by HMPC Quality Drafting Group October Adopted by HMPC 12 November 2013
3 December 2013 EMA/HMPC/453258/2013 Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) Reflection paper on the use of recovered/recycled solvents in the manufacture of herbal preparations for use in herbal
More information21 Things You Should Know About Essential Oils
Essential oils are not really oils. They do not contain the fatty acids that constitute what we would consider an actual oil. Valerie Gennari Cooksley, author of Aromatherapy: Soothing Remedies to Restore,
More informationNew Approaches for Improving Edible Oil Quality
New Approaches for Improving Edible Oil Quality Selma Turkay and Hale Gurbuz Istanbul Technical University, Chemical Engineering Department OFI TURKEY 2014 13 May Istanbul Introduction In recent years,
More informationPaper No.: 13 Paper Title: Food Additives Module 2. Functional Classification of Food Additives
Paper No.: 13 Paper Title: Food Additives Module 2. Functional Classification of Food Additives 2.1 Introduction According to the Food Protection Committee of the Food and Nutrition Board, food additives
More informationNatural Product Preparative HPLC Purification from Complex Crude Extraction Mixtures by Granular Bonded and Unbonded Silica Gel
Natural Product Preparative PLC Purification from Complex Crude Extraction Mixtures by Granular Bonded and Unbonded Silica Gel Lori Sandford Paul Garms Theresa Riley Jochen Saar Grace Davison Discovery
More informationThe four levels of protein structure are: primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, and quaternary structure.
Proteins Proteins are organic complex nitrogenous compounds of high molecular weight, formed of C, H, O and N. They are formed of a number of amino acids linked together by peptide linkage [-CO-NH-]. Proteins
More informationHarvesting and Processing Aromatic and Medicinal Plants. Processes for the Home Gardener
Harvesting and Processing Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Processes for the Home Gardener Introduce Briefly introduce the what, when, why, how and where of herbs for your garden Objectives Review Review
More informationFOOD TECHNOLOGY CARBOHYDRATES
FOOD TECHNOLOGY CARBOHYDRATES FORMULA FOR CARBOHYDRATES CxH2Oy Carbohydrates can be split up into: Sugars Non Sugars Monosaccharides Disaccharides Simple Polysaccharides Complex Polysaccharides Glucose
More information12BL Experiment 2: Extraction & Saponification of Trimyristin from Nutmeg
12BL Experiment 2: Extraction & Saponification of Trimyristin from Nutmeg Safety: Proper lab goggles/glasses must be worn (even over prescription glasses). Heating of organic solvents releases irritating
More informationMAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COBRAM ESTATE EXTRA VIRGIN OLIVE OIL, VIRGIN OLIVE OIL AND OLIVE OIL (REFINED BLENDS)
, VIRGIN OLIVE OIL AND OLIVE OIL (REFINED BLENDS) NATURAL OLIVE OILS OBTAINED BY SOLE MECHANICAL/PHYSICAL MEANS NO ALTERATIONS IN THE OIL REFINED OLIVE OILS REFINING PROCESS LEADS TO ALTERATIONS IN NATURAL
More informationwhite grapefruit & may chang
white grapefruit & may chang Awaken the senses each morning or refresh the spirit at night with this energising fragrance. Even in the darkest winter the uplifting citrus aroma can evoke summers yet to
More informationEssential Oil Guide: From Babies to Big Kids. Oils by Age Group. How to Use Essential Oils. Printable Oil Chart. Essential Oil Safety Info & Tips
Essential Oil Guide: Naturally Nicole s From Babies to Big Kids Oils by Age Group How to Use Essential Oils Printable Oil Chart Essential Oil Safety Info & Tips Naturally Nicole s Essential Oil Guide:
More informationCODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE PREVENTION AND REDUCTION OF ETHYL CARBAMATE CONTAMINATION IN STONE FRUIT DISTILLATES
1. INTRODUCTION CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE PREVENTION AND REDUCTION OF ETHYL CARBAMATE CONTAMINATION IN STONE FRUIT DISTILLATES CAC/RCP 70-2011 1. Ethyl carbamate is a compound that occurs naturally in fermented
More informationIntroduction to the Study of Lipids
Introduction to the Study of Lipids Factors to Consider in the Study of Biomolecules What are the features of the basic building blocks? (ex: monosaccharides, alcohols, fatty acids, amino acids) 1) General
More informationFeeding Ethanol Co-products from Corn to Beef Cattle
Feeding Ethanol Co-products from Corn to Beef Cattle David Bohnert 1, Ron Torell 2, and Randy Mills 1 1 Oregon State University Extension Service 2 University of Nevada Cooperative Extension Service I
More informationAccess 3 1 Unit 3 Chemistry and Life. Plants make their own food by a chemical reaction called photosynthesis: Carbon dioxide
Access 3 1 Unit 3 Chemistry and Life Unit 3 Chemistry and Life Photosynthesis Plants make their own food by a chemical reaction called photosynthesis: 1. Carbon dioxide from the air is absorbed through
More informationCITRUS ESSENTIAL OILS EXTRACTION AND DETERPENATION
page 1 / 5 page 2 / 5 citrus essential oils extraction pdf An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile (easily evaporated at normal temperatures) chemical compounds from plants.essential
More informationJohn J. Wright Educational and Cultural Museum
John J. Wright Educational and Cultural Museum Herbs Natures Nurtures The Power of the Earth Lavender Lavender has a scent that s a wonderful blend of fresh, floral, clean, and calm. It s this dynamic
More informationMachines and Plants for the Refining of Edible Oils
Division Edible Oil Technology Refining Machines and Plants for the Refining of Edible Oils 2 We are the experts for professional solutions For decades we have been the supplier of refining machines and
More informationSAFETY DATA SHEET. Product Name: Tecnu Extreme Medicated Poison Ivy Scrub Page 1 of 6 Tec Laboratories, Inc. Issue Date: 4/18/2016 Revision No: 01
Product Name: Tecnu Extreme Medicated Poison Ivy Scrub Page 1 of 6 1. IDENTIFICATION Product name: CAS number: Chemical family: Recommended use: Manufacturer: Tecnu Extreme Medicated Poison Ivy Scrub for
More informationPurity Tests for Modified Starches
Residue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 82 nd meeting 2016 Purity Tests for Modified Starches This monograph was also published in: Compendium
More informationExtraction and Standardization of Medicinal Herbal Products
Extraction and Standardization of Medicinal Herbal Products By: Dr Masoud Sadeghi Dinani Department of Pharmacognosy Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Medicinal Plants About 80% of all the world s
More informationExperiences with Refining Processes. Dr.-Ing. Ernst W. Münch
Experiences with Refining Processes October 9, 2003 Why refining? What does it mean? Alkali vs. Physical refining Degumming process Bleaching Deodorization Quality control storage and loading Summary Oil
More informationIndustrial Pharmacy (3) Solutions as a dosage form. DR.Saad.M.YACOUB
Industrial Pharmacy (3) Solutions as a dosage form DR.Saad.M.YACOUB Solutions: definition A solution is a homogenous one-phase system consisting of two or more components. The solvent, or mixture of solvents,
More informationDr. Nafith Abu Tarboush
5 Dr. Nafith Abu Tarboush June 25 th 2013 Mohammad Abu Dosh Sheet 5.. Lipids ( Dr. Nafith ) : Classification of fatty acids : - they are classified depending on the existence of double bonds to : 1) Saturated
More informationThe Science of Essential Oils and Making the Perfect DIYs
The Science of Essential Oils and Making the Perfect DIYs LINDSEY ELMORE, PHARMD, BCPS What is an Essential Oil? Essential oils are concentrated plant extracts from a wide variety of plant materials. Essential
More information22. The Fischer Esterification
22. The Fischer Esterification A. Background Esters are an incredibly important functional group in organic chemistry. Esters are typically very pleasant smelling molecules and are therefore frequently
More informationModern Technology Of Perfumes, Flavours And Essential Oils (2nd Edition)
Modern Technology Of Perfumes, Flavours And Essential Oils (2nd Edition) Author: NIIR Board Format: Paperback ISBN: 8186623434 Code: NI33 Pages: 844 Price: Rs. 975.00 US$ 100.00 Publisher: National Institute
More informationCELLULASE from PENICILLIUM FUNICULOSUM
CELLULASE from PENICILLIUM FUNICULOSUM Prepared at the 55th JECFA (2000) and published in FNP 52 Add 8 (2000), superseding tentative specifications prepared at the 31st JECFA (1987) and published in FNP
More informationFeeding Considerations for Byproduct Feeding
Feeding Considerations for Byproduct Feeding Jane Parish, Extension Animal Scientist Corn Products Corn Corn is typically considered the gold standard energy feed for beef cattle and is heavily used in
More informationPURPOSE: To synthesize soap from fat and lye. To observe the physical and chemical properties of soap.
FATS AND SAP: SAPNIFIATIN PURPSE: To synthesize soap from fat and lye. To observe the physical and chemical properties of soap. FATTY AIDS AND FATS: Fats and oils are mixtures of complex esters. Fat esters
More informationTallow. Free fatty acid. Colour. Published 1997 Reprinted November 2006
Tallow Published 1997 Reprinted November 2006 Tallow is the melted fat from rendered animal bones and soft tissues. Used as a generic term, tallow is simply rendered fat. More specific terms such as beef
More informationEducation beyond the basics Lesson 8: Essential Science
Education beyond the basics Lesson 8: Essential Science Lesson 8: Essential Science Notes Eastern Medicine Meets Western Medicine Essential oils were mankind's first medicine. From Egyptian hieroglyphics
More informationlarge molecules small molecules fuels carbon
4 10 5 12 6 14 4 2 6 3 8 methane ethane propane butane, pentane & hexane n 2n+2 Saturated hydrocarbons Insoluble in water n 2n Unsaturated hydrocarbons Insoluble in water Burns in plentiful 2 with a clean
More informationQuestion One: Put True ( ) or False ( X ):
Question One: Put True ( ) or False ( X ): 12 MARKS 1. Vitamin C rich in Guava compared to citrus food ( ). 2. The dose of vitamin B4 from 5,000 mg-10,000 mg is toxic ( ). 3. Vitamin B5 can reduced blood
More informationMIGLYOL Gel B, Gel T, 840 Gel B
MIGLYOL Gel B, Gel T, 840 Gel B INCI: Gel B: Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Stearalkonium Hectorite, Propylene Carbonate Gel T: Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Stearalkonium Bentonite, Propylene Carbonate
More informationSCCP. Opinion on. Commiphora Erythrea Glabrescens Gum Extract and Oil (Opoponax) (sensitisation only)
SCCP087105 EUROPEAN COMMISSION HEALTH & CONSUMER PROTECTION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL Directorate C - Public Health and Risk Assessment C7 - Risk assessment SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON CONSUMER PRODUCTS SCCP Opinion
More informationWHAT ARE FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZER INDUSTRY WHAT ARE FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS ARE COMPOUNDS GIVEN TO PLANTS WITH THE INTENTION OF PROMOTING GROWTH; THEY ARE USUALLY APPLIED EITHER VIA THE SOIL, FOR UPTAKE BY PLANT ROOTS, OR BY
More informationPalm Oil As An Alternative Dielectric Transformer Coolant
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science (IJRES) ISSN (Online): 2320-9364, ISSN (Print): 2320-9356 Volume 2 Issue 6 ǁ June. 2014 ǁ PP.08-13 Palm Oil As An Alternative Dielectric Transformer
More informationLaboratory Pesticide Formulations, Labels, and Safety
1 Laboratory Pesticide Formulations, Labels, and Safety I. Pesticide Formulations Pesticides are rarely used in their pure form (technical grade). They are processed into a usable form for direct application.
More informationProduction and trade of vegetable oils p. 1 Extraction, refining and processing p. 1 Vegetable oils--production, disappearance and trade p.
Production and trade of vegetable oils p. 1 Extraction, refining and processing p. 1 Vegetable oils--production, disappearance and trade p. 3 Soybean oil p. 7 Palm oil p. 8 Rapeseed/canola oil p. 8 Sunflowerseed
More informationHigh Performance Surface Protection. Polymersilicate Coating System. AKS Coatings GmbH
High Performance Surface Protection Polymersilicate Coating System AKS Coatings GmbH AKS-PS Polymersilicate Coating System highly resistant to acids, lyes and chemical attack solvent-free high adhesion
More informationXXVI. STUDIES ON THE INTERACTION. OF AMINO-COMPOUNDS AND CARBOHYDRATES.
XXVI. STUDIES ON THE INTERACTION. OF AMINO-COMPOUNDS AND CARBOHYDRATES. II. THE PREPARATION OF GLUCOSE UREIDE. BY ALEXANDER HYND. From the Department of Physiology, University of St Andrews. (Received
More information