NAPOCA CULTIVAR OF ECHINACEA PALLIDA NUTT. - BRIEF PREZENTATION AND AWARDS -

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1 NAPOCA CULTIVAR OF ECHINACEA PALLIDA NUTT. - BRIEF PREZENTATION AND AWARDS - Muntean L.S.*, M. Tămaş**, D. Vârban*, L. Muntean*, S. Muntean*, S. Cernea*, G. Morar*, M.M. Duda*, Rodica Vârban*, Ilioara Oniga** * University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Romania. ** Faculty of Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca Key words: Echinacea pallida Nutt., Napoca echinacea cultivar Abstract. The Napoca cultivar (Echinacea pallida Nutt.) has been created at Hop and Medicinal Plants Crop Research Center U.S.A.M.V. Cluj-Napoca through repeated mass selection from echinacea that had been imported to our country and studied in yield trials (with the temporary name of CN 11/992). Here are some of the morpho-physiological, productivity and quality features of this cultivar: it is semilate, with a vegetation period of days in the second and third years, in the first year the root system is formed, and also a leaf rosette and flower stems with a reduced number of flowers, the complete flowering only beginning in the second year of vegetation; it have a tap root, with 1-3 vertical gray-brownish main roots (which are the actual raw material, harvested in the year 2-3); the part above the soil looks like a bush with cm long stems, sometimes with branches, 6-8 mm thick, with 8-12 internodes, the last one being cm long, ended with a inflorescence; the leaves from the rosette are linear lanceolate with a petiole of 8-18 cm length, with a blade of 8 cm length and 3-6 cm width, with three nervures on the dorsal side; the inflorescence is ovoid, thorny when dry with involucral leaflet at the bottom (in two rows), conical receptacle (1,5-2 cm high, with a diametre of 2-3 cm); the ray flowers are pink-violet in colour, steril (5-8 cm length and 2-5 mm in width); the disc flowers are tubular, orange and hermaphrodite (4-6 mm in length); the flowering takes place in July-August, pollination is made by insects, the fruit is a sided achene, 2-4 mm in length, whitish with rudimentary pappus; the whole plant is covered with rough hair, mm long (made of 3-5 cells), wider-bottomed and narrow-ended, that give rigidity to the plant; the raw root yield is of 4,5-5,2 t/ha (1,3-1,5 t/ha when dry); the content of active principles is high: imuno stimulent polysacharides (6,1-6,4 g %), phenil-propanic derivates (0,5 0,6 g %), volatile oil (0,9-1,2 ml/100g) etc., which enhance the immunity system, the raw material being used for obtaining anti-virus, imunostimulents, antitumorale products etc. The biological factor (cultivar, hybrid or population) and cultural value of the breeding material, is a condition for production and quality of the vegetal material at medicinal and aromatic plants, together with ecological and technological factors. In our country there were created valuable cultivars at medicinal and aromatic plants, and others are cultivated important cultivars, but there are also several species represented in culture only by local populations (local cultivars) (1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10). So, it is imposed to intensify the efforts in the direction of creation of new cultivars of medicinal and aromatic plants, especially at those at which it is cultivated only local populations. At these plants, the main goals of amelioration are as follows : production level, vegetal material quality (the content in active principles), the uniformity of the material and technological maturity for harvest, capacity to adapt and resistance to the unfavorable factors (diseases, pests, falling, frost, saultry etc), vegetal material behavior in the process of processing etc (2, 3, 8, 9, 10). Within Hop and Medicinal Plants Crop Research Center USAMV Cluj-Napoca-, since 1993, besides the research of biotechnology and cultivation technology for 45

2 medicinal and aromatic plants, there were initiated amelioration work (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). In this paper we present the first Romanian cultivar of Echinacea pallida Nutt Napoca - created within Hop and Medicinal Plants Crop Research Center USAMV Cluj-Napoca. We mention that from this specie, there was obtained valuable medicine, which determine a higher value for body immunity, mobilizing leucocytes, increasing fagocitosis, decreasing viruses multiplication etc. It is used as vegetal material to obtain antiviral products, antitumoral, imunostimulent, cicatrisation, anti-inflammatory, diuretic etc. (3, 4, 8, 9, 11). Napoca cultivar the first Romanian cultivar of Echinacea pallida Nutt.was tested in the network of the State institution for testing and cultivar registering (in ClujNapoca and Dej) in 2004 and It is introduced in The official catalog for plant cultivars in România, since 2006 (16). The certificate regarding the registration of Napoca cultivar, nr. 1955/ , given by the State Institute for testing and registering cultivars Bucharest, attached to paper (12), certifies the test of the cultivar (in 2004 and 2005) in the state network and registering in the Official Catalog for culture in favorable areas beginning with Botanical classification. Napoca cultivar ( Echinacea pallida Nutt.) was created at USAMV Cluj-Napoca, by selection, with a provenience of echinacea brought in our country and studied in comparative cultures (with the temporary name of CN 11/992) (4, 5, 6, 7, 9). Biologic material of which was obtained Napoca cultivar, was presented under the morpho physiological features, its content in active principles in our previous papers (4, 5, 6, 7). Breeding. Breeding stages at this plant was initiated in 1992 within Hop and Medicinal Plants Crop Research Center in USAVM Cluj-Napoca and developed after 1995 (4). In 2004 and 2005, Napoca cultivar was registered in the network of the State Institution for Testing and registering cultivars (in Cluj-Napoca and Dej), to be accredited in the state register of cultivars, including the official list. The main morpho physiological features, production and quality of Napoca cultivar Echinacea pallida Nutt. Are presented as follows (5, 6, 7, 9) and fig. 1 and 2: Vegetation period. It is an early cultivar, with a vegetation period of days in the second and third year); in the first year of vegetation it is formed the root system, leaves and floral stems, a reduce number of plants, flowering starting with the second year of vegetation ; Root is pivotant, with 1-3 vertical straight roots brown (vegetal material harvested in the second or third year ; Aerial part has aspect of bush, Stems are of cm length (sometimes branched ), 6-8 mm thickness, with 8-12 inter nods, the last has cm length, finished with flowering ; Leaves the base ones and the top ones are liniar, with petiole 8-18 cm, limb of cm lenght 3-6 cm width, with three 3 nerves; the stem leaves are liniar lanceolat, at the base ina petion of about 2-7 cm (the superior ones are sessile ), with thelenght of the limb of (20) cm and the width of 3-6 cm, with three nerves on the back ; 46

Flowerings are ovoidal, with thorns at drying with foliols at the base (put on two rows), the receptacle is conic (high of 1,5-2 cm and the diameter of 2-3 cm); on the outside the flowers are

3 Flowerings are ovoidal, with thorns at drying with foliols at the base (put on two rows), the receptacle is conic (high of 1,5-2 cm and the diameter of 2-3 cm); on the outside the flowers are ligulated, pink violet, sterile with ligule 3- sharp (long of 5-8 cm and width of 2-5 mm); on the inside the flowers are tubulated orange, hermaphrodite (long of 4-6 mm); flowering takes place in July August; polenization in made by insects; The fruit is a an edged achene, of 2-4 mm long, white with a rudimentary papus; The plant is covered by tector hair, rough, of 1,8-2 mm (formed by 3-5 cells), with the base bloated and with a sharp tip, making the plant rigid; Fresh root production is of 4,5-5,2 t/ha (1,3-1,5 t/ha in dry phase); The content in active principles is high, among which polizaharides immune stimulant (6,1-6,4 g %), derivates phenyl propane (0,5-0,6 g %), volatile oil (0,9-1,2 ml/ 100 g) etc. which determine the increasing of immune defense system of the body (mobilizing the leucocytes, increasing the fagocitosis activity, reducing viruses multiplication etc.),the vegetal material being used in order to obtain several antiviral products, immune stimulative, anti tumorale, cicatrisation etc. Cultivation area. Napoca cultivar of Echinacea pallida Nutt. Is recommended to be cultivated in Transilvania (all agricol areas), being used for breeding a seedling made of seed with a high biological purity and cultural value, achieved by the Hop and Medicinal Plants Crop Research Center in USAMV Cluj-Napoca. We attach the morphological characterization of Napoca cultivar given by I.S.T.I.S. based on its testing in the state network (13), cultivar register at O.S.I.M. (14), Brevet no / (Napoca) OSIM Bucharest (15) Diploma of Excelence and the Golden Medal, given fot the cultivar at the National Saloon Inventică Pro Invent, the V-edition, 2007, Cluj-Napoca and at the International Saloon for Inventică Pro Invent, the VI-edidition,2008, Cluj-Napoca (17), Diplomă de Excelentă and Medalia de argint for Brevet Cultivar Napoca at the International Saloon Pro Invent, Cluj-Napoca, 2009, Diploma Gold Medal, International Saloon Inventica 2010, Iaşi ( ) (18, 19). Diploma of Excelence and the Golden Medal given of the cultivar at the International Saloon for Inventica Pro Invent, the X-edition, 2012, Cluj-Napoca (20). Fig. 1. Napoca cultivar of Echinacea pallida Nutt. 47

4 a) b) c) d) Fig. 2. Napoca cultivar of Echinacea pallida Nutt. a) plants in the flowering phase; b) roots; c) leaves; d) flowerings 48

5 49

6 50

Bibliography 1. Crăciun F., O. Bojor, M.

(cap. IV), în Tratat de plante medicinale şi

România, Ed. Dacia Cluj-N; 4. Muntean L.S., L.

7 Bibliography 1. Crăciun F., O. Bojor, M. Alexan, , Farmacia naturii, vol I şi II, Ed. Ceres Bucureşti; 2. Dumitrescu Anela, 1986, Genetica şi ameliorarea (cap. IV), în Tratat de plante medicinale şi aromatice, vol. I, Ed. Academiei R.S. Română, Bucureşti; 3. Muntean L.S., 1990, Plante medicinale şi aromatice cultivate în România, Ed. Dacia Cluj-N; 4. Muntean L.S., L. Muntean, D. Vârban, S. Muntean, M. Tămaş, I. Oniga, 2002, Studiul unor provenienţe de Echinacea pallida Nutt. şi iniţirea lucrărilor de 51

8 ameliorare la această specie în U.S.A.M.V. Cluj-Napoca, Hameiul şi plantele medicinale, an X, nr. 1-2, p , Editura AcademicPres Cluj-Napoca; 5. Muntean L.S., M. Tămaş, D. Vârban, L. Muntean, S. Muntean, S. Cernea, G. Morar, M.M. Duda, Rodica Vârban, Ilioara Oniga 2003 Hameiul şi plantele medicinale, anul XI, nr. 1-2 (21-22), p ; 6. Muntean L.S., M. Tămaş, D. Vârban, L. Muntean, S. Muntean, S. Cernea, G. Morar, M.M. Duda, Rodica Vârban, Ilioara Oniga, 2004, The Napoca cultivar of Echinacea pallida Nutt., Buletinul U.S.A.M.V. Cluj-Napoca, seria Agricultură, vol. 60/2004, p. 437; 7. Muntean L.S., M. Tămaş, D. Vârban, L. Muntean, S. Muntean, S. Cernea, G. Morar, M.M. Duda, Rodica Vârban, Ilioara Oniga, Morpho-physiological, production and quality traits of the Cluj cultivar of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench), 1st International Scientific Conference on Medicinal, Aromatic and Spice Plants, 5-6 december, 2007, Nitra (Slovak Republic), Book of Scientific Papers and Abstracts, p ; 8. Muntean L.S., M. Tămaş, S. Muntean, L. Muntean, M.M. Duda, D. Vârban, S. Florian, 2007, Tratat de plante medicinale cultivate şi spontane, Ed. Risoprint ClujNapoca, 2007; 9. Muntean L.S., M. Tămaş, D. Vârban, L. Muntean, S. Muntean, S. Cernea, G. Morar, M.M. Duda, Rodica Vârban, Ilioara Oniga, 2008, Napoca, the first Romanian cultivar of Echinacea pallida Nutt., Hop and medicinal plants, year XVI, no. 1-2 (31-32), p ; 10. Păun E., A. Mihalea, Anela Dumitrescu, Maria Verzea, Oltea Coşcocariu, , Tratat de plante medicinale şi aromatice cultivate, vol I şi II, Ed. Academiei R.S. Română, Bucureşti; 11. Vârban Dan, 2001, Cercetări privind biologia şi tehnologia de cultivare a speciilor de Echinacea, Teză de doctorat, USAMV Cluj-Napoca; 12. xxx Certificat privind înregistrarea soiului de echinacea Napoca, nr. 1955/ , eliberat de Institutul de Stat pentru Testarea şi Inregistrarea soiurilor-bucureşti; 13. xxx Caracterizarea morfologică a soiului de echinacea Napoca, eliberat de Institutul de Stat pentru Testarea şi Inregistrarea soiurilor-bucureşti; 14. xxx Soiul de echinacea Napoca, înregistrat in la Oficiul de Stat pentru Invenţii şi Mărci Bucureşti (adresa OSIM din , Bul. Oficial de Proprietate Industrială, nr. 1/2008 din ); 15. Brevet pentru soi de plante nr / (Napoca), Oficiul de Stat pentru Inventii si Marci, Bucuresti; 16. xxx Catalogul oficial al soiurilor de plante de cultură în România, Ed , ISTIS, Bucureşti; 17. xxx Diploma de Excelenţă şi Medalia de aur Salonul Naţional de Inventică Pro Invent, ediţia a V-a, 2007, Cluj-Napoca şi Salonul Internaţional de Inventică Pro Invent, ediţia a VI-a, 2008, Cluj-Napoca; 18. xxx Diplomă de Excelenţă şi Medalia de Argint, pentru Brevetul Napoca, Salonul national al Cercetării, Inovării şi Inventicii, Cluj-Napoca, 2009; 19. xxx Diploma Gold Medal, Salonul International Inventica 2010, Iaşi ( ); 20. Diploma de Excelenţă şi medalia de aur, pentru Grup de invenţii, Salonul Internaţional de Inventică Pro Invent, ediţia a X-a, 2012, Cluj-Napoca. 52

IDENTIFICATION OF NEW GENETIC RESOURCES IN AROMATIC AND MEDICINAL HERBS BELONGING TO SOME SPECIES WITH POTENTIALLY EXTENDED CULTIVATION

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