Parts of a Flower. Stamen = Pistil = Petals (corolla) Sepals (calyx) Perianth = Receptacle Peduncle / Pedicel. anther + filament

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Sophie McLaughlin
5 years ago
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1 Flowers 1/25/2017 1

2 Parts of a Flower Stamen = anther + filament Pistil = stigma + style + ovary Petals (corolla) Sepals (calyx) Perianth = calyx + corolla Receptacle Peduncle / Pedicel 1/25/2017 Flowers 2

3 Flower Parts Pistil Tepals Stamens Receptacle 1/25/2017 Flowers 3

4 Complete vs. Incomplete Complete having all parts sepals, petals, stamens, and a pistil or pistils Incomplete flowers lacking one or more of the parts Yoshino Cherry Fothergilla 1/25/2017 Flowers 4

5 Perfect flower Having both functional stamens and pistils Examples: Rose, Crabapple, Cherry, and Tuliptree. Rosa moyesii Neveda 1/25/2017 Flowers 5

6 Sterile flowers Viburnum plicatum Japanese Snowball Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum Doublefile Viburnum Barren, not able to produce seed. Examples: Many of the double flowering cultivars. 1/25/2017 Flowers 6

7 Quiz time Complete or Incomplete Floral parts Complete or Perfect or Present Incomplete Imperfect S + P + St. + Pistil Complete Perfect S + St. + Pistil Incomplete Perfect S + St. Incomplete Imperfect 1/25/2017 Flowers 7

8 Types of Ovary Position Ex. Peach Ex. Cherry Ex. Apple Hypanthium Receptacle Superior Hypogynous Half-inferior Perigynous Inferior Epigynous 1/25/2017 Flowers 8

9 Types of Ovary Position Superior - The superior ovary of the pistil is above the site of attachment of other floral parts (stamens, sepals, & petals) Inferior - The inferior ovary is below the site of attachment of other floral parts Half-inferior - These are flowers that show varying degrees of ovary position 1/25/2017 Flowers 9

10 Inferior Ovary - Apple Perianth tube An apple develops from the flower s perinath tube. 1/25/2017 Flowers 10

11 Petal-like structures Tepals Tulip & Magnolia Bracts Poinsettia & Dogwood 1/25/2017 Flowers 11

12 Nectar Guides - pollination Iris Foxglove 1/25/2017 Flowers 12

13 Inflorescences Spike. The flowers are attached to the stem without stalks (no peduncle). Acanthus sp. Crabgrass 1/25/2017 Flowers 13

14 Inflorescences Raceme. The flowers are attached to the stem by short stalks (pediuncle). Sweet Broom Genista racemosa 1/25/2017 Flowers 14

15 Inflorescences Begonia sp. Panicle. The flowers are attached on pedicels on a main axis called the peduncle, which is an extension of the stem (peduncles & pedicels). 1/25/2017 Flowers 15

16 Inflorescences Umbel. The flowers stalks arise from one point at the tip of a stem. Agapanthus africanus African Lily 1/25/2017 Flowers 16

17 Inflorescences Composite head. An inflorescence composed of many tightly packed, small flowers. Out flowers - Ray flowers (showy and sterile) Inner flowers - Disc flowers (fertile flowers) 1/25/2017 Flowers 17

18 Inflorescences Solitary. Occurring alone, not paired or clustered. Rosa x Voodoo 1/25/2017 Flowers 18

19 Monoecious - Separate male and female flowers (cones) on the same plant Male cones Female cones 1/25/2017 Flowers 19

20 Dioecious - Separate male and female flowers (cones) on the different plants Ginkgo Holly 1/25/2017 Flowers 20

Polygamo-dioecious having male and female

21 It just keeps going! Polygamo-monoecious refers to condition where male, female and perfect flowers occur on the same plant. Polygamo-dioecious having male and female flowers on separate plants, but these plants having perfect flowers as well. Red Maple Mulberry 1/25/2017 Flowers 21

22 Quiz time A B Which of these two flowers is capable of producing fruit and seed? A or B Need Both 1/25/2017 Flowers 22

23 Reproductive Process Pollination - The transfer of pollen from the stamen to the stigma. Fertilization - The fusion of gametes 1/25/2017 Flowers 23

24 Self-unfruitful/self-sterile The pollen of the flowers of a single plant will not fertilize the pistils of the flowers of that plant. In other words, pollen from another plant of a different clone is necessary, or crossfertilization is required. Bradford Pear 1/25/2017 Flowers 24

25 Parthenocarpy (parthenocarpic) Nellie R. Stevens Holly Development of fruit without pollination, fertilization or seed development Other examples Nellie R. Stevens Holly, Burford Holly, Banana, and most varieties of Figs (e.g., Brown Turkey and Celeste) 1/25/2017 Flowers 25

26 Reasons plants stopped flowering Insufficient light - decreasing light levels overtime Winter injury, late frost or wind (tissue desiccation) Drought / heat stress Improper pruning Lack of vigor 1/25/2017 Flowers 26

27 Reasons plants stopped flowering - cont... Diseases, pests and injuries Misuse of pesticide sprays Leaf and flower buds may be killed or damaged by spraying when temperatures are below 40 o F Over-spraying of dormant oil, lime sulfur and other fungicides and insecticides may damage buds and blooms 1/25/2017 Flowers 27

28 Reasons plants fail to fruit Plants that have never set fruit Plants only produce sterile flowers Plants only produce male flowers Plants need to be cross pollinated Growing season is too short Improper or lack of pruning Pests e.g., squirrels, deer, etc. Stress e.g., drought, borers 1/25/2017 Flowers 28

29 Plants that have stopped setting fruit or have dropped fruit Plants that have stopped setting fruit Pollen source has be removed Insufficient light Improper or lack of pruning Lack of vigor High and low temperatures, e.g., kills pollen, inhibits fertilization, and causes flowers to abort. Drought stress, excessive water Insufficient pollination, lack of insect pollinators 1/25/2017 Flowers 29

30 Questions Developed by Steve Dubik Montgomery College /25/2017 Flowers 30

BIOLOGY 460/560 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY #12

BIOLOGY 460/560 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY #12 ! ANGIOSPERM MORPHOLOGY & ANATOMY !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ATTENTION STUDENTS ^!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! REQUIRED MATERIAL LAB EXAM