MODULE No. 15: Common Hallucinogens: Cannabis, LSD & Psilocybin. Module No. and Title. MODULE No. 15: Common Hallucinogens: Cannabis, LSD & Psilocybin
|
|
- Jonah Washington
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SUBJECT Paper No. and Title Module No. and Title Module Tag FSC_P9_M15
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Learning Outcomes 2. Introduction 3. Cannabis 4. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) 5. Psilocybin 6. Summary
3 1. Learning Outcomes After studying this module, you will be able to Significance of Cannabis, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) and Psilocybin as common Hallucinogens Their Mode of actions and mechanism Screening Tests of Cannabis, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) and Psilocybin 2. Introduction Hallucinogens (also called psychedelics or psychotomimetic agents) are substances that induce changes in thought, perception, and mood, without causing major disturbances in the autonomic nervous system. Perceptual alterations can take the form of illusions, synaesthesias, or hallucinations. An illusion is the result of misinterpretation of an actual experience, while synaesthesias are sensory misperceptions (e.g. hearing colour or seeing sounds). Both require external stimuli for their institution. Hallucinations differ from them in this important respect, since they are perceptual alterations without any external stimulation whatsoever. Hallucinations may be visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, or tactile in nature. Most hallucinogens induce visual or auditory hallucinations; a few cause tactile or olfactory manifestations. While a number of therapeutic drugs can cause hallucinations in overdose, they are not classified as hallucinogens. A true hallucinogen is a drug that induces hallucinations in small doses (sometimes, as in the case of LSD, in microgram doses). Most genuine hallucinogens cause vivid visual hallucinations, while the other types of hallucinations are relatively uncommon.
4 3. Cannabis Herbal cannabis (marijuana) means all parts of the plant Cannabis sativa; but excludes the seeds and mature woody stalk material. The resin of the plant occurs mainly in the flowering area, the leaves and the stem, particularly at the top of the plant. The greatest amount of resin is found in the following part. Female plants are selected for illicit cannabis production. The leaves of cannabis sativa are compound and consist of 5 to 11 leaflets, each characteristically hair covered, veined and with serrated edges. Under microscope examination features characteristic for cannabis may be seen for herbal cannabis and resin: cystolithic hair and glandular hair. Cystolithic hair contains a deposit of calcium carbonate at their base. These hairs are mostly single cell. Glandular hairs (trichome) are most important since they contain and secrete the resin. They are short and may be unicellular or multicellular. The larger glandular hair has a multicellular stalk with heads that contain 8 to 16 cells. The active source is contained in its resin. The principle constituents of the resin are Cannabinol, which has no action. Cannabidiol is also inert, but on exposure to heat, it is partly converted to the very isomeric Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Slang names: Pot, Grass, Weed, Hash, Mary jone, Bhang etc. COMPONENTS OF CANNABIS: 1) Bhang: It is prepared from the dried leaves and fruit shoots. It is mildest and contains 15% of active principle. Fresh bhang is highly intoxicating and narcotic. 2) Majoon: It is a sweet, prepared with bhang. It increases appetite and sexual desire.
5 3) Ganja: It is prepared from the flower tops of the female plant. It has a rusty green colour and a characteristic odour. It contains 15 to 25% active principal. Ganja is also known as marijuana. Cannabis is also known as reefer or joint. 4) Charas or Hashish It is the resin exuding from the leaves and stems of the plant. It contains 25% to 40% active components It is dark green or brown in colour. The main psychoactive compound in cannabis or cannabis resin is 9 tetrahydrocannabinol ( 9 THC). Cannabinol (CBN) and Cannabidiol (CBD) are among the other main components. Cannabinol is the major breakdown product of 9 THC and Cannabidiol is a precursor to 9 THC.
6 The interaction with the active components in cannabis is via specific components in cannabinoid receptor (CB1 receptor in brain, lung and kidney and CB2 receptors in the immune system and in hematopoietic cells). These receptors are members of the G- protein coupled receptor. Binding of THC to the receptor results in inhibition of acetylate cyclase and in calcium channel inhibition and K+ channel activation. MODE OF ACTION: Cannabis main component is THC which binds to and activates specific receptors, known as cannabinoid receptors. There are many of these receptors in parts of the brain that control memory, thought, concentration, time and depth perception and coordinated movement. By activating this receptor, THC interferes with their normal functioning. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: Appears after administration of drug and last for 1 to 2 hours. In small dose- effects are slight, euphoria, passivity, heightening of subjective experience. With moderate dose- effects intensity of immediate memory function, lapses of attention and marked sensory distortions, is produced due to high dose effects. Symptoms after intoxication: a) Psychiatric Feeling of detachment Clarity, cleverness Disinhibition Depersonalization Euphoria Laughing Rapid changing emotions
7 Thought process: irrelevant thoughts Feeling of periodical distress Speech changes b) Physical Slight nausea Increased appetite Heaviness and pressure in the head Dry mouth Ataxia FATAL DOSE: Charas : 2gm Ganja : 8gm Bhang : 10gm/kilo body weight THC : 30mg/kg FATAL PERIOD: Several days.
8 TESTS FOR DETECTION OF CANNABIS: 1. FAST BLUE B SALT TEST a. Filter Paper Method- Procedure: Solid reagent : Dilute & mix Fast Blue B Salt with anhydrous Sodium Sulphate in the ratio of 1:100 Solution 1 : Petroleum ether Solution 2 : A 10% w/w aqueous solution of Sodium Bicarbonate Two filter papers are folded to form fluted funnels and kept on each other. Small amount of suspected sample is placed into the corner of the upper funnel of the paper and added two drops of Solution 1. Allow the liquid to penetrate to the lower filter paper funnel. Discard the upper filter paper and dry the lower filter paper. Now add a very small amount of the solid Fast Blue B reagent to this lower paper and add two drops of Solution 2. A purple red coloured stain on the filter paper indicates the presence of cannabis product. b. Test Tube method- Solid reagent : Dilute & mix Fast Blue B salt with anhydrous Sodium Sulphate in the ratio of 2.5:100 Solution 1 : Chloroform Solution 2 : 0.1N aqueous Sodium Hydroxide solution
9 Procedure: Small amount of suspected material is taken in a test tube; a very small amount of the solid reagent and 1 ml of solution 1 is added to it. Shake well for one minute and add 1 ml of solution 2. Shake the test tube for two minutes, and allow this test tube to stand for 2 minutes. A purple red colour in the lower layer of chloroform indicates the positive result of the presence of cannabis product. 2. DUQUENOIS-LEVINE TEST 5 drops of Acetaldehyde and 0.4 gms of Vanillin are dissolved in 20 ml of 95% Ethanol. Procedure: Small amount of suspected material is taken in a test tube and shaken with 2 ml reagent for 1 minute, add 2 ml of conc. HCl and shake it well. Allowed it to stand for 10 minutes and then add 2 ml of chloroform. Appearance of violet colour in chloroform layer (lower layer) indicates the presence of cannabis. 3. ALTERNATE TEST 5 drops of acetaldehyde and 0.4gms of vanillin are dissolved in 20 ml of 95% ethanol. Procedure: The sample is extracted with petroleum ether. Filtered and evaporated to dryness. Added 2 ml. of Duquenois reagent to dissolve the residue add 2ml. Conc. HCl. Shaken and kept for 10min. Transferred the solution into a test tube add 2ml. of Chloroform and shaken. Purple colour in the chloroform layer indicates the Tetrahydrocannabinol.
10 TEST FOR DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN BHANG, GANJA AND CHARAS: Preparation of Reagent Reagent 1: p-aminophenol (1 mg) in ethanol (10 ml) Reagent 2: Caustic potash (1 g) in distilled water (10 ml) Procedure: The suspected material of cannabis is extracted in ethanol. A drop of extract is taken in a cavity of a spot tile or in a micro tube, and 2 drops of chromogenic Reagent 1 is added and mixed thoroughly followed by addition of 2 drops of Reagent 2. Results: Bhang gives green colour; Ganja gives blue colour while Charas gives violet colour. 4. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a drug of hallucinogen group that causes hallucination. Abuser will imagine images hear sounds and experience sensations that look as if it is real but do not occur. Certain hallucinogens also create abrupt and random fluctuations in the temper of those who take them.
11 LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), first formed in 1938, is a very potent hallucinogen. It is prepared from lysergic acid, which is originated in ergot, a fungus that grows on rye and other grains. LSD is formed in crystalline form and then merged with excipients, or diluted as a liquid for forming in ingestible forms. It is odorless, colorless and has a considerably bitter taste. LSD is retailed in tablet form (generally small tablets called as Microdots), on Sugar Cubes, in thin squares of gelatin (usually denoted to as Window Panes), and most commonly, as blotter paper (sheets of absorbent paper soaking in or saturated with LSD, enclosed with colorful schemes or artwork, and perforated into onequarter inch square, individual dosage units). Street names: LSD is sold under more than 80 street names including acid, blotter, cid, doses, dots and trips, as well as names that reveal the designs on the sheets of blotter paper (for example, "purple dragon") The most common method of producing lysergic acid is clandestine laboratories is the conversion of ergometrine or ergotamine tartrate to lysergic acid. This is accomplished by refluxing the ergot alkaloid with potassium hydroxide and hydrazine in an alcohol/ water medium. FATAL DOSE: 14 mg is fatal dose. MODE OF ACTION: The LSD is structurally related to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and is an agonist at the 5-HT1 receptor. Serotonin modulates many psychological and physiological processes including mood, personality, affect, appetite, sexual desire, motor function, temperature regulation, pain perception, and sleep induction. LSD inhibits central raphe neurons of brainstem through stimulation of 5-HT1A receptors, which are coupled to Adenylcyclase. LSD is also an agonist at 5-HT2A, 2C receptors, which are not located presynaptically on serotonergic cell bodies but on certain subpopulations of neurons in postsynaptic regions. The majority of 5-HT2 receptors in the brain are located in the cerebral cortex. Animal experiments have shown that LSD is anatomically distributed maximally in the visual and auditory cortex, and the limbic cortex (besides the pituitary, pineal, and hypothalamic areas), which parallels the finding of high concentration of 5- HT2 receptors in human cerebral cortex.
12 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: Extremely dilated pupils Warm skin, excessive perspiration and body odor Distorted sense of sight, hearing and touch Distorted sense of time, self and place Mood and behavior changes, the extent depending on emotional state of the user and environmental conditions. Elevated body temperature, increased heart rate and blood pressure. Tremors and sleeplessness. The user may experience panic, confusion, suspicion, anxiety and loss of control. TESTS FOR DETECTION OF LSD: 1. EHRLICH REAGENT TEST 1g para-dimethylamine benzaldehyde (p-dmab) in is dissolved in10ml Methanol and 10ml conc. Ortho Phosphoric Acid is added further. Procedure: Take appropriate amount of the sample or few drops of methanol extract of the sample in a depression spot plate and add two drops of Ehrlich reagent. Appearance of a blue to purple colour indicates the presence of LSD. 2. MARQUIS REAGENT TEST 8-10 drops of 40% Formaldehyde solution is added to 10 ml of Con. Sulphuric acid.
13 Procedure: Take appropriate amount of the sample or few drops of Marquis Reagent. Orange colour change to brown color, which finally changes to purple, indicates the presence of LSD. 3. FROHDE S REAGENT TEST 50 mgs of molybdic acid or Sodium Molybdate is dissolved in 10 ml of hot concentrated Sulphuric Acid. The resulting solution should be colourless. Procedure: Take appropriate amount of the sample or few drops of Frohde s Reagent. Olive green changes to blue, which changes to green indicating the presence of LSD. 4. MECKE S REAGENT TEST 0.25 gms of Selenious Acid is dissolved in 25 ml of concentrated Sulphuric Acid Procedure: Take appropriate amount of the sample or few drops of Mecke s Reagent. Olive green changes to blue-black indicating the presence of LSD.
14 5. Psilocybin The hallucinogenic substances psilocin and its phosphate ester psilocybin occur in a number of fungi, particularly those of the genus Psilocybe. These are small, brown/grey mushrooms that grow wild over large areas, although they are commonly cultivated under controlled conditions for abuse purposes. After ingestion, psilocybin is rapidly converted in the body to psilocin, which then acts as an agonist at the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor in the brain where its effect is similar to that of 5-HT. Psilocin is also a 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A/2C agonist. The microscopic examination of the fragments or powders of psilocybe mushroom specimens should only be performed by trained mycologists. The microscopic characteristics of fragments or powders of psilocybe mushroom are the spores, the cystidia (sterile cells in the fertile portions of the fruit-body), the basic structure of the outer layer of the cap and the basic structure of the tissue between the faces of the gills. When available, gross-characters of the dried fruit-body are useful.
15 TESTS FOR DETECTION OF PSILOCYBIN: 1. EHRLICH REAGENT TEST 1g para-dimethylamine benzaldehyde (p-dmab) in is dissolved in10ml Methanol and 10ml conc. Ortho Phosphoric Acid is added further. Result: Appearance of violet to grey violet colour after few minutes indicates the presence of psilocin or psilocybin. 2. MARQUIS REAGENT TEST 8-10 drops of 40% Formaldehyde solution is added to 10 ml of Con. Sulphuric acid. Result: Appearance of orange colour indicates the presence of psilocybin while, appearance of green brown colour indicates the presence of psilocin. 3. FROHDE S REAGENT TEST 50 mgs of molybdic acid or Sodium Molybdate is dissolved in 10 ml of hot concentrated Sulphuric Acid. The resulting solution should be colourless. Result: Appearance of green changes to blue grey colour indicates the presence of psilocin. While appearance of olive green changes to yellow indicates the presence of psilocybin.
16 4. MECKE S REAGENT TEST 0.25 gms of Selenious Acid is dissolved in 25 ml of concentrated Sulphuric Acid Result: The appearance of green changes to greenish black indicates the presence of psilocin. While the appearance of greenish yellow changes to brownish green indicates the presence of psilocybin. 6. Summary Cannabis has found in two types of species in Indian which are known as cannabis sativa and cannabis indica. Cannabis sativa is also known with the name of Indian hemp. Each part of the plant is useful and contains many alkaloids, such as cannabinoid, cannabinol, THC etc. Cannabis has four components which are known as bhang, majoon, charas, ganja and hashish oil which are obtained from the different parts of the plant. Cannabis main component is THC which binds to and activates specific receptors, known as cannabinoid receptors. Cannabis is a stimulant which shows many sign and symptoms such as Feeling of detachment, Clarity, cleverness, Disinhibition, Depersonalization, Euphoria, Laughing, Rapid changing emotions, and irrelevant thoughts. LSD is lysergic acid dimethyl amide which is usually known as date rape drug. They come in category of hallucinogens. LSD is mostly known by the many street names such as acid, blotters, dots etc. It is manufactured from Ergot alkaloids such as, ergometrine and ergotamine. The most common type of symptoms is that abuser see images hear sounds and feel sensations that seem very real but do not exist. There is some physical change like dilated pupils, sweating, and loss of appetite, low blood pressure, tachycardia etc and followed with mood swings.
17 The mode of action of LSD is the human nervous system by rapidly crossing the blood- brain barrier and binding to a G-protein coupled receptors including most serotonin (5-HT) receptors and their subtypes. Ehrlich test is the test for LSD which gives blue to purple on conformation of its presence. Psilocybin can be converted into psilocin by heating. This conversion can also occur if the mushrooms are not dried prior to or when they arrive in the laboratory. Consumption of one of the many species of the cosmopolitan genera Psilocybe, Panaeolus, Copelandia, Gymnophilus or Stropharia gives rise to the so-called psilocybe syndrome. These mushrooms contain the indole- alkylamine hallucinogen psilocybin and its dephosphorylated congener psilocin, which is about 1.5 times as potent as psilocybin. These hallucinogens are about 100 times less potent than lysergides (LSD). Intoxication with psilocybin-containing mushrooms is almost always intentional.
Altering Perception and Dirty Deeds. Forensic Science Part #D
Bell-Ringer Forensic Science What are the classifications of Heroin/Cocaine? What is the primary system these types of drugs effect? What is the typical cause of death with overdose> Altering Perception
More informationAppendix 2: The nature and addictiveness of commonly used illicit drugs
Appendix 2: The nature and addictiveness of commonly used illicit drugs Amphetamine A synthetic drug that can easily be produced on a small scale. It can be snorted, swallowed or smoked or, less frequently,
More informationCannabis. Member of the Cannabaceae family of flowering plants (along with hops) Cannabis sativa (v. sativa, indica, afghanica, ruderalis)
Member of the Cannabaceae family of flowering plants (along with hops) sativa (v. sativa, indica, afghanica, ruderalis) Only females flowers contain high concentrations of psychoactive oils (cannabinoids)
More informationSECTION 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
CHAPTER 5 DRUGS SECTION 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1. Define psychological and physical dependence. 2. Name and classify the commonly abused drugs. 3. Describe the tendency to develop psychological and physical
More informationWhat Are Hallucinogens? (National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services)
What Are Hallucinogens? (National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) Hallucinogens are a diverse group of drugs that alter perception
More informationADVANCED CLINICAL CANNABINOID PROVIDER EXAM ACCP
ADVANCED CLINICAL CANNABINOID PROVIDER EXAM ACCP Page 1 1. In what year did the possession and transfer of cannabis for recreational use become illegal in the United States? A. 1937 B. 1941 C. 1933 2.
More informationWHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence Pre-Review: Extracts and tinctures of cannabis. Expert Peer Review 2
WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence Pre-Review: Extracts and tinctures of cannabis Expert Peer Review 2 1. Comments based on the review report a. Evidence on dependence and abuse potential Extracts
More informationCANNABINOIDS and HALLUCINOGENS
CANNABINOIDS and HALLUCINOGENS Cannabinoids Cannabis Most popular recreational drug in the US after alcohol and tobacco Possession and use illegal under federal law, but states have variable policies on
More informationWhat do you need to know about CANNABIS. Answers to some of your questions.
What do you need to know about CANNABIS Answers to some of your questions www.nwdrugtaskforce.ie Content Introduction... 1 Frequently Asked Questions... 2 How can cannabis effect my family... 4 What are
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2018, 10(11): Research Article
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2018, 10(11): 9-14 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Detection
More informationTypes of Drugs by Physical Effect- Narcotics
Illegal Drugs Types of Drugs by Physical Effect- Narcotics Narcotics depress the CNS, releive pain, produce sleep Morphine, heroin, and codeine. Morphine comes from the poppy plant Heroin is acetylated
More informationSpecial Topic: Drugs and the Mind
BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues Fifth Edition Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire 8a Special Topic: Drugs and the Mind Lecture Presentation Anne Gasc Hawaii Pacific University and University
More informationTrichomes: Crystalline structures that coat parts of the cannabis plant that hold the majority of the cannabinoid content.
ESSENTIAL MARIJUANA TERMS To more fully understand marijuana, you have to know the language of marijuana. Marijuana has its own language. That s due in part to the complexity of marijuana as a plant, and
More informationHallucinogens Marijuana
Introduction A drug is defined as a natural or synthetic substance that is used to produce physiological or psychological effects in humans or other higher order animals. Narcotic drugs are analgesics,
More informationcommon street names of marijuana: effects: common street names of cocaine: natural and synthetic drugs
natural and synthetic drugs marijuana (natural) is derived from the cannabis plant. People put it lo mette in rolling papers to make cigarettes, smoke it in bongs or pipes, or mix it in baked goods prodotti
More informationHallucinogens - LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, and PCP
Hallucinogens - LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, and PCP Hallucinogenic compounds found in some plants and mushrooms (or their extracts) have been used mostly during religious rituals for centuries. Almost all
More informationMedical Marijuana. 1. is a plant species, variety known as hemp. 3. Tetrahydrocannabinol is an aromatic with low water solubility.
Medical Marijuana Questions from Part 1: 1. is a plant species, variety known as hemp. a. Cannabis sativa Linnaeus b. Cannabis sativa c. Cannabis indica d. Cannabis Lemark 2. The major psychoactive compound
More informationClub Drugs. Club Drugs na'unin4. Alan I. Leshner*
CI 14 1 ill119111 2543 Club Drugs )L-0 03/474, 59 Club Drugs na'unin4 Alan I. Leshner* Abstract : Alan I. Leshner. 2000. Club drugs. Thai J Hlth Resch 14(1): 59-63. There are detecting alarming increases
More informationBIOLOGY 12 TRANSMISSION OF IMPULSES ACROSS SYNAPSES
Name: Pages: 326-327, 341-343 Date: BIOLOGY 12 TRANSMISSION OF IMPULSES ACROSS SYNAPSES How does a nerve impulse make a connection from an axon to the next nerve cell? The impulse must travel from the
More informationCurrent Drug Trends Among Youth. Investigator J.J. Pedersen Nebraska State Patrol
Current Drug Trends Among Youth Investigator J.J. Pedersen Nebraska State Patrol Inv. J.J. Pedersen Nebraska State Patrol Troop C, Grand Island Investigative Services Drug Division BA 2006, C.J., UNL Joined
More informationMarijuana. Module 4 ALLIED TRADES ASSISTANCE PROGRAM PREVENTATIVE EDUCATION: SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER
Marijuana Module 4 ALLIED TRADES ASSISTANCE PROGRAM PREVENTATIVE EDUCATION: SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER Marijuana Pot Grass Weed Reefer Herb Mary Jane MJ Whatever you call it, marijuana is the nations most
More informationLegalized Marijuana: Uses, Misuses & Abuses. Disclosures. Objectives. Kennon Heard University of Colorado SOM Dept Of Emergency Medicine
Legalized Marijuana: Uses, Misuses & Abuses Kennon Heard University of Colorado SOM Dept Of Emergency Medicine Disclosures Research grants McNeil Consumer Healthcare (Acetaminophen) Rare Disease Therapeutics
More informationPetrolatum. Stage 4, Revision 1. Petrolatum is a purified semi solid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum.
1 001-1208PDG.pdf Petrolatum Stage 4, Revision 1 Definition Petrolatum is a purified semi solid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It may contain a suitable antioxidant. Description and Solubility
More informationASSIGN ADDICTION PROJECT
ASSIGN ADDICTION PROJECT CLICKER SURVEY WHAT ARE DRUGS? A drug is an often illegal and sometimes addictive substance that causes changes in behavior and perception and is taken for it s effects. CATEGORIES
More informationAmendment of Standards for Specification, Scope, Application and Limitation of Food Additives
G/SPS/N/TPKM/147Add.1 Amendment of Standards for Specification, Scope, Application and Limitation of Food Additives DOH Food No. 0980403340, April 24, 2009 Appendix 1: Standards for Scope, Application
More informationEXPERIMENT 4 DETERMINATION OF REDUCING SUGARS, TOTAL REDUCING SUGARS, SUCROSE AND STARCH
Practical Manual Food Chemistry and Physiology EXPERIMENT 4 DETERMINATION OF REDUCING SUGARS, TOTAL REDUCING SUGARS, SUCROSE AND STARCH Structure 4.1 Introduction Objectives 4.2 Experiment 4a: Reducing
More information3. PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING
93 3. PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING 3.1 INTRODUCTION All the drugs- Ayurvedic, Unani and Herbal extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening to test the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates
More informationThis is Your Brain on LSD
This is Your Brain on LSD Kayla Ortiz Rafael Yitzhakian What is LSD? What is LSD? LSD (acid) Lysergic acid diethylamide Hallucinogenic drug Serotonergic psychedelic Banned in the U.S. in the 60 s Classified
More informationCLASSIFICATION: Vegetable origin cotton, jute, Hemp, flax Animal origin wool, silk Mineral origin asbestos, glass wool Synthetic origin nylon,
CLASSIFICATION: Vegetable origin cotton, jute, Hemp, flax Animal origin wool, silk Mineral origin asbestos, glass wool Synthetic origin nylon, Regenerated from cellulose rayon COTTON / RAW COTTON BIOLOGICAL
More informationHave A Nice Tryptamine. Brian Waters LA County Coroner CAT San Francisco June, 2006
Have A Nice Tryptamine Brian Waters LA County Coroner CAT San Francisco June, 2006 What s In A Tryptamine? Tryptamine (3-(2-aminoethyl)indole) Monoamine compound Widespread in nature Biosynthesis proceeds
More informationTHE ACTIVE PRINCIPLES OF CANNABIS
XIV. THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLES OF CANNABIS INDICA RESIN. I BY THOMAS SPENCE WORK, FRANZ BERGEL AND ALEXANDER ROBERTUS TODD From the Biochemical Department, Lister Institute, London (Received 24 November 1938)
More informationMarijuana and cannabinoids
Psych 181: Dr. Anagnostaras Lec 10: Marijuana Marijuana and cannabinoids Cannabis sativa, hemp One of earliest non-food plants cultivated fiber for rope, seeds for oil and birdseed 1st archaeological evidence
More informationGlencoe Health. Lesson 3 Psychoactive Drugs
Glencoe Health Lesson 3 Psychoactive Drugs Health espotlight Video BIG IDEA Psychoactive drugs affect the central nervous system and can be especially damaging to the developing brain and body of a teen.
More informationTHERMALLY OXIDIZED SOYA BEAN OIL interacted with MONO- and DIGLYCERIDES of FATTY ACIDS
THERMALLY OXIDIZED SOYA BEAN OIL interacted with MONO- and DIGLYCERIDES of FATTY ACIDS Prepared at the 39th JECFA (1992), published in FNP 52 Add 1 (1992). Metals and arsenic specifications revised at
More informationTHE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI. % Judgment delivered on: Appellant. versus.... Respondent
THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI % Judgment delivered on: 02.07.2010 + BAIL APPLN 2330/2008 DILIP... Appellant versus STATE... Respondent Advocates who appeared in this case: For the Appellant : Mr
More informationSleep is a state of altered consciousness (different levels of awareness), characterized by certain patterns of brain activity.
Sleep is a state of altered consciousness (different levels of awareness), characterized by certain patterns of brain activity. State of awareness, including a person s feelings, sensations, ideas, and
More informationCopyright 2013 Crosscutting Concepts, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Drug use in the USA In 2010, 22.6 million Americans 12 or older (8.9 % of the population) were current illicit drug users. This was an increase over previous years, mostly due to more marijuana use. Drug
More information(Writing model for laboratory note book)
Paper: Lab 50 Syllabus *************************************************************************** Experiment: Organic Qualitative analysis 1) Detection of elements (Nitrogen, Sulphur and halogens). 2)
More informationPsychedelics. Neal Deot & Amir Hakimi
Psychedelics Neal Deot & Amir Hakimi Psychedelics Psychedelic comes from the Greek words psyche (soul) and delein (to manifest) = soul-manifesting Often compared to non-ordinary forms of consciousness:
More informationABSINTHIUM FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS ABSINTHIUM FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS
ABSINTHIUM FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS ABSINTHIUM FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS Artemisia absinthium ad praeparationes homoeopathicas Other Latin name used in homoeopathy: Artemisia absinthium DEFINITION
More informationCLASS 6 COMPONENETS OF FOOD
CLASS 6 COMPONENETS OF FOOD The major nutrients in our food are CARBOHYDRATES, FATS, PROTEINS, MINERALS, VITAMINS, DIETARY FIBRE (ROUGHAGE), The tests for presence of carbohydrates, and are simpler. Types
More informationGet the facts ABOUT DRUGS
www.unodc.org/drugs www.facebook.com/worlddrugcampaign Get the facts ABOUT DRUGS Photos: Ioulia Kondratovitch 3 Introduction What are drugs? Technically speaking, they are chemical substances that affect
More informationTHERMALLY OXIDIZED SOYA BEAN OIL
THERMALLY OXIDIZED SOYA BEAN OIL Prepared at the 39th JECFA (1992), published in FNP 52 Add 1 (1992). Metals and arsenic specifications revised at the 55th JECFA (2000). An ADI of 0-3 mg/kg bw was established
More information4 CATEGORIES. Medicine Tobacco Alcohol Other Illegal Drugs
DRUGS 4 CATEGORIES Medicine Tobacco Alcohol Other Illegal Drugs MEDICINE Drugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases or other conditions All medicines are drugs, not all drugs are medicines Drugs
More informationThe Scientific Side of Medical Marijuana
The Scientific Side of Medical Marijuana Ken Mackie, MD Indiana University Bloomington, IN December 3, 2009 kmackie@indiana.edu Financial disclosures NIH (NIDA) - research grants Alzheimer s Association
More informationCannabis Trademarks SFIPLA 2018
Cannabis Trademarks SFIPLA 2018 2018 Evoke Law, PC All Rights Reserved. Trademark Protection Federal "the fact that the provision of a product or service may be lawful within a state is irrelevant to the
More informationMarijuana. Marijuana (Cannabis Use Disorder) Learning Goals/Objectives
Marijuana Kirk Carruthers, MD Assistant Professor - Clinical Department of Psychiatry The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Marijuana (Cannabis Use Disorder) Learning Goals/Objectives Discuss
More informationLive A Life Above The Influence!
Live A Life Above The Influence! Categories of Drugs 1) Inhalants 2) Stimulants 3) Depressants 4) Hallucinogens 5) Narcotics 6) Marijuana INHALANT Any substance that is inhaled glue, gas, paint thinner,
More informationPage 1. Neurons Transmit Signal via Action Potentials: neuron At rest, neurons maintain an electrical difference across
Chapter 33: The Nervous System and the Senses Neurons: Specialized excitable cells that allow for communication throughout the body via electrical impulses Neuron Anatomy / Function: 1) Dendrites: Receive
More informationPAPER No.5: Forensic Chemistry & Explosives MODULE No. 12 : Blood Alcohol Estimation
Subject Paper No and Title Module No and Title Module Tag PAPER: 5, Forensic Chemistry & Explosives MODULE: M12, Blood alcohol estimation FS_P5_M12 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Learning Outcomes 2. Sample Collection
More informationPart I. Chemical Composition of the Roots
A STUDY OF THE CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF THE ROOTS OF DECALEPIS HAMILTONII (MAKALI VERU) Part I. Chemical Composition of the Roots BY P. BHASKARA RAMA MURTI AND T. R. SESHADRI (From the Department of Chemical
More informationResearch on Cannabis and PD: Is there any evidence?
Research on Cannabis and PD: Is there any evidence? Benzi M. Kluger, MD, MS Associate Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry Director Movement Disorders Center University of Colorado Denver DISCLOSURES
More informationABSINTHIUM FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS ABSINTHIUM FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS
ABSINTHIUM FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS ABSINTHIUM FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS Artemisia absinthium ad praeparationes homoeopathicas Other Latin name used in homoeopathy: Artemisia absinthium DEFINITION
More informationTECHNICAL METHODS GASTRIC CONTENTS AND URINE THE IDENTIFICATION OF BARBITURATE DRUGS IN. aspirated and examined as well.
J. clin. Path. (1950), 3, 152. TECHNICAL METHODS THE IDENTIFICATION OF BARBITURATE DRUGS IN GASTRIC CONTENTS AND URINE BY From the Pathological Depariment, Salisbury General Infirmary (RECEIVED FOR PUBLICATION
More informationTrends, Tactics and Toxicity: Marijuana Movement on Missouri College Campuses. Janice Putnam PhD, RN Amy Kiger MS, ABD Kelly Skinner DNP, FNP-C
Trends, Tactics and Toxicity: Marijuana Movement on Missouri College Campuses Janice Putnam PhD, RN Amy Kiger MS, ABD Kelly Skinner DNP, FNP-C 1 Marijuana/Cannabis Marijuana use is growing in popularity
More informationBriefly review the objectives, content and activities of this session. Upon successfully completing this session the participant will be able to:
Learning Objectives Explain a brief history of the Hallucinogen category of drugs Identify common drug names and terms associated with this category Identify common methods of administration for this category
More informationFederal Law: Marijuana
Federal Law: Marijuana Marijuana is a Schedule I drug under Federal Controlled Substances Act Makes possession, usage, purchase, sale, and/or cultivation of marijuana illegal at the federal level May not
More informationDrugs and the School Aged Child. Objectives. Substance Abuse. Janice Doyle, RN, MSN, NCSN, FNASN. n List signs of drug use in children
Drugs and the School Aged Child Janice Doyle, RN, MSN, NCSN, FNASN Objectives n List signs of drug use in children n State appropriate interventions when drug use is suspected Substance Abuse n Understanding
More informationConsumer Information Cannabis (Marihuana, marijuana)
Consumer Information Cannabis (Marihuana, marijuana) The courts in Canada have ruled that the federal government must provide reasonable access to a legal source of marijuana for medical purposes. The
More informationQuestion Bank Nutrition : Classes of Food
Question Bank Nutrition : Classes of Food 1. Why do we need food? Explain briefly. Ans. We need food for following reasons : (i) To produce energy that is used to perform various metabolic activities in
More information» Croscarmellose Sodium is a cross linked polymer of carboxymethylcellulose sodium.
BRIEFING Croscarmellose Sodium, NF 22 page 2856 and page 702 of PF 30(2) [Mar. Apr. 2004]. A modification is made in the test for Degree of substitution to correct the endpoint color to agree with the
More informationRhode Island SUBSTANCE ABUSE PREVENTION United States Attorney Peter F. Neronha
Rhode Island SUBSTANCE ABUSE PREVENTION United States Attorney Peter F. Neronha Appointed by President Obama in September of 2009 Methods of extracting THC. The danger of butane extractions. How vaporizers
More informationNon-prescription Drugs. Wasted Youth
Non-prescription Drugs Wasted Youth Marijuana (Cannabis) Short-Term Effects Using cannabis will probably make you feel more relaxed, free and open. If you smoke cannabis, you will probably feel the high
More informationName... Class... Date...
Required practical 4: Food tests Aiming for 8 Specification references: Required practical 4: Use qualitative reagents to test for a range of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. To include: Benedict s
More informationIs the most common illicit drug used in the United States. After a period of decline in the last decade, its use has been increasing among young
The Facts Cannabis, commonly known as marijuana and by numerous other names, is a preparation of the cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug and now as medicine. Marijuana also refers to
More informationPHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND DETECTION OF NORMAL CONSTITUENTS OF URINE
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND DETECTION OF NORMAL CONSTITUENTS OF URINE - OBJECTIVES: 1- The simple examination of urine. 2- To detect some of the normal organic constituents of urine. 3- To detect some of the
More informationNARCOTIC NOTES FLIPBOOK BY: PER:
NARCOTIC NOTES FLIPBOOK BY: PER: 1 https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=lolb21bii-a 2 Laws, Collection, & Preservation Narcotic Drugs = natural or synthetic substance that produces bodily (physiological) or
More informationWHAT SHOULD WE KNOW ABOUT MARIJUANA
WHAT SHOULD WE KNOW ABOUT MARIJUANA Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the U.S. The use of marijuana can produce adverse physical, mental, emotional, and behavioral effects. What is marijuana?
More informationDefining Drugs. Any substance which, when taken into the body, alters or modifies one or more body functions
Defining Drugs Any substance which, when taken into the body, alters or modifies one or more body functions * Any drug, including prescription medicines and overthe-counter drugs, can be misused and abused.
More informationNEW JERSEY TEA, DRIED FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS SICCUM FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS
NEW JERSEY TEA, DRIED FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS SICCUM FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS Ceanothus americanus siccum ad praeparationes homoeopathicas Other Latin name used in homoeopathy
More informationWe are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists. International authors and editors
We are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 3,500 108,000 1.7 M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our
More informationPSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS. RG 5c
PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS RG 5c TODAY S GOALS Can you Explain the difference between stimulants and depressants Identify the major psychoactive drug categories (e.g., depressants, stimulants) and classify specific
More informationObjectives. 1. Review controversy 2. Pathophysiology 3. Indications for Use 4. Adverse Effects 5. How Patients Access
Medical Marijuana Deb Evans, RN, MScN, CON(C), CHPCN(C) Clinical Nurse Specialist Pain and Symptom Management Team Juravinski Cancer Centre May 29, 2014 Objectives 1. Review controversy 2. Pathophysiology
More informationEXERCISE 3 Carbon Compounds
LEARNING OBJECTIVES EXERCISE 3 Carbon Compounds Perform diagnostic tests to detect the presence of reducing sugars (Benedict s), starch (Lugol s), protein (Biuret), lipid (SudanIV) and sodium chloride
More informationIts Effects & Hazards
Its Effects & Hazards TRUE or FALSE Marijuana causes less brain damage Than alcohol Marijuana can cure some diseases. Marijuana weakens the immune system. Cigarettes are worse than Marijuana. Marijuana
More informationQuestions & answers on the use of cannabis sativa L. and cannabinoids (such as cannabidiol) as foodstuffs or within foodstuffs
Questions & answers on the use of cannabis sativa L. and cannabinoids (such as cannabidiol) as foodstuffs or within foodstuffs Table of contents 1. Is there a difference between Cannabis and hemp?... 2
More informationANIMALS OILS AND FATS CHAPTER 2 PREPARATION AND SAPONIFICATION OF SPERMACETI 1. PREPARATION OF SPERMACETI
182 ANIMALS OILS AND FATS CHAPTER 2 PREPARATION AND SAPONIFICATION OF SPERMACETI 1. PREPARATION OF SPERMACETI 690. The spermaceti I examined was separated as follows from a yellow colored oil which commercial
More information23- Drugs and Consciousness 1 of 5
23- Drugs and Consciousness 1 of 5 A Letter to Parents Marijuana is the illegal drug most often used in this country. Since 1991, lifetime marijuana use has doubled among 8thand 10th-grade students, and
More informationWHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence Pre-Review: Cannabis plant and resin. Expert Peer Review 2
WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence Pre-Review: Cannabis plant and resin Expert Peer Review 2 1. Comments based on the review report a. Evidence on dependence and abuse potential Dependence potential:
More informationARTESUNATE TABLETS: Final text for revision of The International Pharmacopoeia (December 2009) ARTESUNATI COMPRESSI ARTESUNATE TABLETS
December 2009 ARTESUNATE TABLETS: Final text for revision of The International Pharmacopoeia (December 2009) This monograph was adopted at the Forty-fourth WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical
More informationDROP TEST P/M & P/T ALKALINITY (1 drop = 10 ppm)
1 x 5067G Instruction 1 x 9198G Sample Tube, Graduated (25 ml) w/ cap & green dot, plastic 1 x R-0637-C Methyl Orange Indicator, 2 oz, DB 1 x R-0638G-A Phenolphthalein Indicator,.75 oz w/ green cap, DB
More informationThinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e. Charles T. Blair-Broeker Randal M. Ernst
Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e Charles T. Blair-Broeker Randal M. Ernst Cognitive Domain Consciousness Chapter Module 26 Drugs Module 26: Drugs Introduction Psychoactive
More informationInformation on Specific Drugs of Abuse
Information on Specific Drugs of Abuse Alcohol In American society alcohol is a legal drug. In most cultures, it is the most frequently used depressant and is the leading drug of abuse. Ninety percent
More informationCANNABIS AND CANADA S CHILDREN AND YOUTH CPS Podcast
CANNABIS AND CANADA S CHILDREN AND YOUTH CPS Podcast Developed by KEON MA and Dr. CHRISTINA GRANT for PedsCases.com July 6, 2018 INTRODUCTION: Keon: On June 21, 2018, Bill C-45, also known as the Cannabis
More informationTitle Revision n date
A. THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE (TLC) 1. SCOPE The method describes the identification of hydrocortisone acetate, dexamethasone, betamethasone, betamethasone 17-valerate and triamcinolone acetonide
More informationSubstances under Surveillance
Substances under Surveillance The following substances are under surveillance by the World Health Organization (WHO) as they are considered to have the potential to cause public health harm. For ease of
More informationBELL WORK. Write how your life would change if you were addicted to drugs.
BELL WORK Write how your life would change if you were addicted to drugs. REVIEW What are the two types of medicines? Prescription and over the counter Any effect of a medicine other than the one intended
More informationCannabis. weed : dope : bud : skunk : hash : oil WHAT & WHY?
WHAT & WHY? Cannabis 1 weed : dope : bud : skunk : hash : oil No. 1 in a series of guides to help people understand what drugs are and why people take them SECOND EDITION What? Cannabis is a bushy green
More informationChapter 7: The Nervous System
Name: Block: Chapter 7: The Nervous System Lesson 1: How the Nervous System Works What is the Role of the Nervous System? Your nervous system receives information about what is happening both inside and
More informationA handful of dangerous new legal drugs has public health experts worried
Page 1 of 8 A handful of dangerous new legal drugs has public health experts worried MATTHEW SPEISER AUG. 11, 2015, 5:00 PM Over the past 20 years, the drug world has seen the rise of new psychoactive
More informationCANAM INTERVENTIONS. Addiction
CANAM INTERVENTIONS Addiction PREVENTION RESEARCH FACTS The principles listed below are the result of long-term research studies on the origins of drug abuse behaviors and the common elements of effective
More information1
1 2 3 4 5 6 NCAA National Study of Substance Use Habits of College Student Athletes Final Report July 2014 (Revised August 2014 additional sport breakdowns) Report Compiled by: Markie Rexroat, Assistant
More informationCannabis in the Community
Department of Pediatrics Cannabis in the Community The Unintended Consequences of Increased Marijuana Availability on the Pediatric Population Karen Buchi, MD Professor of Pediatrics Chair, University
More informationChapter 3 Part 2: Tolerance, dependence, addiction, & types of drugs
Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind Chapter 3 Part 2: Tolerance, dependence, addiction, & types of drugs Unit 5 ~ AP Psychology ~ Ms. Justice 12: What are tolerance, dependence, and addiction, and what
More informationOrganic Molecule Composition of Milk: Lab Investigation
Name: Organic Molecule Composition of Milk: Lab Investigation Introduction & Background Milk & milk products have been a major food source from earliest recorded history. Milk is a natural, nutritionally
More informationCannabis: Therapeutic properties of the plant
Cannabis: Therapeutic properties of the plant Medicinal cannabis is still illegal to be used in South Africa. In a victory for marijuana users across South Africa, ConCourt has officially legalised cannabis
More informationSubstance abuse is any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for nonmedical purposes.
Substance abuse is any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for nonmedical purposes. Illegal drugs- chemical substances that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture, possess, buy,
More informationOLEANDER FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS NERIUM OLEANDER FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS
OLEANDER FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS NERIUM OLEANDER FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS Nerium oleander ad praeparationes homoeopathicas Other Latin name used in homeopathy: Oleander DEFINITION Fresh leaf
More informationObjectives. Why new drugs? New drugs of abuse: synthetic cannabinoids, stimulants, and 10/14/2015. Describe several new drugs of abuse
New drugs of abuse: synthetic cannabinoids, stimulants, and more Robert G. Hendrickson, MD Professor, Emergency Medicine, OHSU Program Director, Medical Toxicology Fellowship Associate Medical Director,
More informationINTERNATIONAL ŒNOLOGICAL CODEX. BENTONITES Bentonita N SIN: 558 (Oeno 11/2003 modified Oeno )
BENTONITES Bentonita N SIN: 558 (Oeno 11/2003 modified Oeno 441-2011) 1. OBJECT, ORIGIN AND FIELD OF APPLICATION Bentonites are hydrous aluminium silicates belonging to the montmorillonite group. The brute
More information